Английская Википедия:2024 Russian presidential election
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election
Presidential elections in Russia will be held on 15–17 March 2024.[1][2] They will be the eighth presidential election in the country. If no candidate receives more than half the vote, a second round will take place exactly three weeks later, on 7 April 2024.[3] The winner is scheduled to be inaugurated on 7 May 2024.[4]
In November 2023, former member of the State Duma Boris Nadezhdin became the first person backed by a registered political party to announce his candidacy, running on an anti-war platform.[5]
He was followed by incumbent Vladimir Putin in December 2023, who is eligible to seek re-election as a result of 2020 constitutional amendments.[6][7][8]
Later the same month, Leonid Slutsky of the LDPR, Nikolay Kharitonov of the Communist Party and Vladislav Davankov of New People announced their candidacies.
As was the case in the 2018 presidential election, the most prominent member of the Russian opposition, Alexei Navalny,[9][10][11] is barred from running due to a prior criminal conviction, and it was expected that he would remain imprisoned during the election.[12][13] On 8 December 2023, three days after Putin announced his re-election bid, Navalny's lawyers have lost contact with him and his whereabouts remain undisclosed. The criminal cases against him have been widely regarded as politically motivated. As a result, many observers, particularly in Western countries, do not expect the election to be either free or fair. Instead, they expect the election process to be dominated by Putin, who has been accused of increasing political repressions ever since launching his full-scale war with Ukraine, which began in 2022.[14][15][16][17][18]
Eligibility
Шаблон:Main According to clause 3 of article 81 of the Constitution of Russia, prior to the 2020 constitutional revision, the same person could not hold the position of President of the Russian Federation for more than two consecutive terms, which allowed Vladimir Putin to become president in 2012 for a third term not consecutive with his prior terms.[19] The constitutional reform established a hard limit of two terms overall. However, terms served before the constitutional revision were not counted, which gives Vladimir Putin eligibility for two more presidential terms.
According to the new version of the Constitution, presidential candidates must:[20]
- Be at least 35 years old (the requirement has not changed);
- Be resident in Russia for at least 25 years (previously 10 years);
- Not have foreign citizenship or residence permit in a foreign country, neither at the time of the election nor at any time before (new requirement).
Candidates
Announced
Individuals in this section have publicly announced their participation in the election, but have not yet submitted documents to the Central Election Commission (CEC).
On 23 December 2023, the head of the CEC Ella Pamfilova stated that 29 potential candidates had declared an intention to take part in the elections.[21]
| Candidate name, age, political party |
Experience | Home region | Campaign | Details | Announcement date | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ivan Otrakovsky (47) Independent |
style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Leader of the Army of Defenders of the Fatherland movement (2020–present) Captain of the Russian Naval Infantry |
Otrakovsky was nominated by the All-Russian Officers' Assembly, a public organization of retired officers of the Russian Armed Forces headed by Vladimir Kvachkov. | 21 April 2023 | [22][23] | |||
| Ustin Chashchikhin (48) Independent |
style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Author[24] | Chashchikhin announced his intent to run for president on his social media page in June 2023. | 23 June 2023 | [25] | |||
| Igor Girkin (52) Independent |
Файл:Igor Ivanovich Strelkov Yekaterinburg3.JPG | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Minister of Defense of the Donetsk People's Republic (2014–2015) Founder of the organisation Club of Angry Patriots[26] |
Файл:Igor Strelkov 2024 presidential campaign logo.png (Campaign) |
Igor Girkin announced his intention to participate in the elections via his Telegram channel. | 31 August 2023 | [27] | |
| Boris Nadezhdin (60) Civic Initiative |
Файл:Boris Nadezhdin.jpg | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Member of the Dolgoprudny City Council (1990–1997, 2019–present) Founder and President of the Institute of Regional Projects and Legislation Foundation (2001–present) Member of the State Duma (1999–2003) |
Файл:Boris Nadezhdin 2024 presidential campaign logo.png (Campaign • Website) |
In October 2023, Nadezhdin's participation was announced by Dmitry Kisiev, founder of the Candidates’ Headquarters, on his social media. On 31 October, Nadezhdin announced that he would run from the Civic Initiative party. | 6 October 2023 | [28][29] | |
| Anatoly Rabinovich (53) Independent |
style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Head of the National Pension Association Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the rehabilitation center for people with disabilities “Sunny Circle” |
3 November 2023 | [30] | ||||
| Rada Russkikh (39) Independent |
style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Blogger | In December 2023, beauty blogger Russkikh announced her intent to participate in the election via her social media page. | 13 December 2023 | [31] | |||
| Leonid Slutsky (55) LDPR |
Файл:Leonid E. Slutsky (2022-01-26).jpg | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (2022–present) Member of the State Duma (1999–present) |
(Campaign • Website) | Slutsky was nominated by his party in December 2023 during the party's congress. | 19 December 2023 | [32] | |
| Nikolay Kharitonov (75) CPRF |
Файл:Nikolay Kharitonov 2018-03-29.jpg | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Member of the State Duma (1993–present) |
(Campaign) | Kharitonov was nominated by his party in December 2023 during the party's congress. He previously ran in the 2004 presidential election and came second with 13.7% of the vote. | 23 December 2023 | [33] | |
| Sergey Baburin (64) Russian All-People's Union |
Файл:Sergey Baburin (cropped, 2018-03-19).jpg | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | People's Deputy of Russia (1990–1993) Deputy of the State Duma (1994–2000, 2003–2007) Leader of the Russian All-People's Union (2011–present) |
Baburin was nominated by his party in December 2023 during the party's congress. Baburin ran for president in the 2018 elections, in which he came last. | 23 December 2023 | [34] | ||
| Vladislav Davankov (39) New People |
Файл:Vladislav Davankov (2021-10-14).jpg | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Deputy Chairman of the State Duma (2021–present) Deputy of the State Duma (2021–present) |
Файл:Vladislav Davankov 2024 Russian presidential campaign logo.png (Campaign • Website) |
Davankov was nominated by his party in December 2023 during the party's congress. He was also supported by Party of Growth, which announced that it would merge with New People. | 24 December 2023 | [35] | |
| Aleksandra Tishchenko (46) Independent |
style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | None | In December 2023, information emerged that Tishchenko intends to ballot for president. | 20 December 2023 | [36] | |||
Submitted documents
Individuals in this section have submitted documents to the CEC to register their participation. These documents must be submitted to the CEC by 27 December 2023 (for independents) and 1 January 2024 (for party-based nominations).[32]
The next step is to collect the necessary signatures. Independents have to gather 300,000 signatures from the public in at least 40 of Russia's regions to support their participation, while candidates nominated by political parties that are not represented in the State Duma or in at least a third of the country's regional parliaments must gather 100,000 signatures.[37]
| Candidate name, age, political party |
Experience | Home state | Campaign | Details | Ref | Signatures collected | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vladimir Putin (71) Independent |
Файл:Владимир Путин (18-06-2023) (cropped).jpg | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Incumbent President of Russia (2000–2008 and 2012–present) |
Файл:Vladimir Putin 2024 presidential campaign logo.jpg (Campaign) |
During a ceremony to award soldiers in December 2023, Putin announced that he would participate in the election. He is supported by United Russia and A Just Russia – For Truth, among others.
Putin submitted documents to participate in the election on December 18, 2023, which were registered on 20 December.[38] |
[39] | Шаблон:CenterШаблон:Composition bar | |
| Vladimir Mikhailov (59) Party of Social Protection |
Файл:Michailov info.png | Chairman of the Party of Social Protection (2019–present) Member of the Kostroma Oblast Duma (2005–present) |
Mikhailov was nominated by his party on 23 December 2023; the CEC accepted his documents to register as a candidate a day later. | [40] | Шаблон:CenterШаблон:Composition bar | |||
Rejected candidates
| Candidate name, age, political party |
Experience | Home state | Campaign | Details | Reason for rejection | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yekaterina Duntsova (40) Independent |
Файл:Yekaterina Duntsova (cropped).jpg | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Journalist, Member of the Rzhev City Duma (2019–2022) |
Файл:Logo for the 2024 Yekaterina Duntsova presidential campaign.png (Campaign • Website) |
In November 2023, Duntsova announced her intent to participate in the election via her social media page and unveiled her campaign website.
She submitted documents to participate in the election on December 20, 2023.[41] |
Upon review of Duntsova's documents, the CEC found over 100 errors. Duntsova immediately responded by saying she is preparing to launch an appeal and simultaneously asked Yabloko to nominate her.[42] This request was later rejected by Grigory Yavlinsky, a key member of Yabloko.[43] | |
Declared candidates who withdrew
| Candidate name, age, political party |
Experience | Home region | Campaign | Details | Withdrawal date | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexander Suslov (44) Independent |
style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | None | (Campaign • Website) | In November 2023, businessman Suslov announced his intent to participate in the election. However, he was unable to gather the 500 signatures needed to create the initiative group required to nominate him. | 23 December 2023 | [44] | ||
Publicly expressed interest
Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president.
Independent
- Шаблон:Ill, rapper.[45]
- Dmitri Nossov, sportsman, judoka and former Deputy of the State Duma.[46]
- Maxim Suraykin, Former Deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast, former leader of the Communists of Russia, 2018 presidential candidate.[47]
- Boris Yakemenko, public activist and co-founder of the Nashi movement.[48]
Declined
The individuals in this section have publicly denied interest in running.
United Russia
A Just Russia — For Truth
- Sergey Mironov, Leader of the A Just Russia — For Truth party, Deputy of the State Duma, Former Chairman of the Federation Council, presidential candidate in 2004 and 2012.[50] (endorsed Putin)
Yabloko
- Dmitry Muratov, journalist, editor-in-chief of the Novaya Gazeta newspaper and 2021 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.[51]
- Nikolay Rybakov, leader of the Yabloko party.[52] (endorsed Yavlinsky, who later refused to run)
- Grigory Yavlinsky, co-founder of Yabloko, economist and politician[43]
Independent
- Maxim Galkin, comedian and TV anchor.[53]
Disqualified
This section contains candidates who expressed their intention to run or the most well-known potential candidates who have lost their right to run.
Independent
- Alexei Navalny, Russian opposition leader and anti-corruption activist. He is barred from running in the election due to a prior criminal conviction, which is widely seen by political analysts, jurists, and human rights organizations as politically motivated.[14][54][15][13] In addition, Navalny is currently serving a jail sentence that will be followed by another sentence which is set to expire in 2032, years after the election takes place.[16][17] In August 2023, Navalny was sentenced to a further 19 years and is now expected to be released in 2050.[18]
- Sergei Polonsky, businessman, former CEO of the Mirax Group.[55] In 2013, he received Cambodian citizenship, and now does not have the right to become President of Russia, even if he renounces his foreign citizenship.
- Ksenia Sobchak, TV anchor, opposition activist and journalist, Civic Initiative's presidential nominee in 2018.[56] In 2022, she received Israeli citizenship, and now does not have the right to become President of Russia, even if she renounces her foreign citizenship.
Party congresses and primaries
Congresses of political parties are held after the official appointment of election. At the congress, a party can either nominate its own candidate, or support a candidate nominated by another party or an independent candidate. At least nine parties will hold party congresses by the end of 2023.
| Party | Congress date | Venue | Nominee | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | United Russia | 17 December 2023 | VDNKh, Moscow | Endorsement of Vladimir Putin |
[57] |
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Liberal Democratic Party | 19 December 2023 | Crocus Expo, Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast |
Leonid Slutsky | [32] |
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Civic Initiative | 23 December 2023 | TBA | Boris Nadezhdin | [58] |
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Communist Party | 23 December 2023 | Snegiri wellness complex, Rozhdestveno, Moscow Oblast |
Nikolay Kharitonov | [59] |
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | A Just Russia – For Truth | 23 December 2023 | Holiday Inn Sokolniki, Moscow | Endorsement of Vladimir Putin |
[60] |
| Party of Social Protection | 23 December 2023 | Moscow | Vladimir Mikhailov | [61] | |
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Russian All-People's Union | 23 December 2023 | Moscow | Sergey Baburin | [62] |
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Party of Growth | 24 December 2023 | Moscow State University, Moscow | Vladislav Davankov | [63] |
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;" | | New People | [64] | |||
Other parties
At Yabloko's congress, which took place on 9 December 2023, somewhat unconventionally, the party decided that Grigory Yavlinsky would run for president as its nominee if he obtains 10 million signatures from potential voters,[65] which is higher than the total number of votes Yavlinsky obtained during his most successful run for president (5.55 million).[66] Yabloko later stated that it would not be nominating any candidate.[43] Furthermore, Yavlinsky only managed to gather around a million signatures.[67]
The Left Front stated that it would run a primary election between 22 candidates, but later announced it would not be holding the primary due to threats received from the police.[68] Instead, the party called on their “comrades in the Communist Party” to vote for one of the following to be nominated at the party congress: Pavel Grudinin, Nikolai Bondarenko, Valentin Konovalov, Andrey Klychkov, Sergey Levchenko, Nina Ostanina, Igor Girkin.
Opinion polls
Before the start of nominations of candidates
| Fieldwork date | Polling firm | Файл:Vladimir Putin 24-06-2023.jpg | Файл:Pavel Grudinin (cropped, 2018-03-19) (a).jpg | Файл:Gennady Zyuganov 2022-09-20 (cropped).jpg | Файл:Vladimir Zhirinovsky 2015-06-29.jpg | Файл:Leonid E. Slutsky (2022-01-26).jpg | Файл:Alexey Navalny 2017.jpg | Файл:Official portrait of Sergey Shoigu cropped.jpg | Файл:(Sergey Lavrov) 2019 Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty Article XIV Conference (48832045357) (cropped).jpg | Файл:Dmitry Medvedev official portrait (01) (cropped).jpg | Файл:Sergey Sobyanin official portrait.jpg | Файл:Governor A. Dyumin official portrait (cropped).jpg | Файл:Вячеслав Володин (2021) (cropped).jpg | Файл:Mikhail Mishustin (2020-07-09).jpg | Файл:Sergey Furgal (cropped).jpg | Файл:Николай Платошкин (2020-10-13).jpg | Файл:Николай Бондаренко (cropped).jpg | Файл:Sergey Mironov 2022-09-30 (cropped).jpg | Файл:Yevgeny Prigozhin passport photo.png | Others | Undecided | Abstention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Putin | Grudinin | Zyuganov | Slutsky | Shoigu | Lavrov | Medvedev | Sobyanin | Dyumin | Volodin | Mishustin | Platoshkin | Bondarenko | Mironov | |||||||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | |||||
| Nov 2023 | VCIOM | 37.3% | 1.4% | 3.0% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.3% | 8% | 15.4% | — | — | — | 2.7% | 16.6% | — | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1.7% | Шаблон:N/A | 1.3% | 42% | |
| 23–29 Nov 2023 | Levada Center | 58.0% | 0.5% | 1.3% | Шаблон:N/A | 0.5% | — | — | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | — | — | 0.5% | — | — | 0.2% | 0.4% | Шаблон:N/A | 0.8% | 31.9% | 4.8% |
| Oct 2023 | VCIOM | 37.3% | 1.7% | 3.0% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.4% | 7.2% | 15.3% | — | — | — | 3.1% | 15.6% | — | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.6% | Шаблон:N/A | 1.7% | 42.2% | |
| Sep 2023 | VCIOM | 36% | 1.4% | 3.6% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.8% | 7.3% | 14.7% | — | — | — | 2.7% | 15.3% | — | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.7% | Шаблон:N/A | 1.8% | 42.9% | |
| 2–10 Sep 2023 | Russian Field | 29.9% | 1.3% | 0.6% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.7% | 0.5% | 0.6% | — | 0.6% | — | — | 1.1% | — | 0.6% | — | — | Шаблон:N/A | 23.6% | 32.2% | 6.4% |
| Aug 2023 | VCIOM | 35.5% | 1.5% | 3.4% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.7% | 7.1% | 12.6% | — | — | — | 3.2% | 15.4% | — | 0.7% | 0.7% | 1.7% | Шаблон:N/A | 1.7% | 43.9% | |
| 23 Aug 2023 | Death of Wagner Group leader Yevgeny Prigozhin | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–9 Aug 2023 | CIPKR | 35% | 4% | 2% | Шаблон:N/A | 4% | 2% | — | 1% | — | — | 3% | — | — | — | — | 11% | 7% | 3% | |||
| Jul 2023 | VCIOM | 37.1% | 1.3% | 3.2% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.5% | 6.9% | 13.9% | — | — | — | 3.0% | 16.8% | — | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1.7% | — | 2.0% | 42.1% | |
| 20–26 Jul 2023 | Levada Center | 44% | — | 3% | Шаблон:N/A | 1% | 7% | 13% | 3% | 4% | — | 18% | — | — | — | — | 7% | 19% | 5.9% | |||
| Jun 2023 | VCIOM | 37.1% | 1.4% | 3.4% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.7% | 8.9% | 14.1% | 3.4% | 15.5% | — | 0.8% | 0.5% | 1.7% | 1.9% | 41.4% | |||||
| 22–28 Jun 2023 | Levada Center | 42% | — | 4% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 8% | 14% | 4% | 4% | — | 18% | — | — | — | 2% | 5% | |||||
| 23–24 Jun 2023 | Wagner Group rebellion | |||||||||||||||||||||
| May 2023 | VCIOM | 37.1% | 1.2% | 3.9% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.3% | 10.0% | 14.7% | 3.2% | 15.5% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 2.0% | 1.7% | 41.2% | ||||||
| 13–16 May 2023 | Russian Field | 30.2% | 1.1% | — | Шаблон:N/A | 2.8% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.8% | — | 0.4% | 1.1% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 3% | 26.4% | 28.8% | 5.9% | |||
| Apr 2023 | VCIOM | 38.7% | 1.4% | 3.6% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.2% | 12.1% | 17.6% | 2.8% | 16.5% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 2.3% | 1.7% | 39.3% | ||||||
| Mar 2023 | VCIOM | 38.7% | 1.3% | 3.7% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.6% | 11.5% | 16.3% | 3.2% | 17.4% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 39.6% | ||||||
| Feb 2023 | VCIOM | 37.5% | 1.4% | 4.4% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.8% | 11.2% | 16.3% | 3.2% | 14.3% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 2.6% | 2.0% | 39.8% | ||||||
| 21–28 Feb 2023 | Levada Center | 43% | 1% | 5% | Шаблон:N/A | 1% | 12% | 15% | 3% | 3% | — | 17% | 1% | — | — | — | 6% | 17% | 16% | |||
| Jan 2023 | VCIOM | 37.1% | 1.5% | 3.2% | Шаблон:N/A | — | 1.9% | 13.4% | 15.2% | 4.1% | 14.9% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 1.8% | 2.4% | 40.1% | ||||||
| 24–30 Nov 2022 | Levada Center | 39% | — | 5% | Шаблон:N/A | 1% | 12% | 14% | 3% | 3% | — | 17% | — | — | 1% | — | 5% | 7% | 18% | |||
| 30 Sep 2022 | Russia annexes part of southeastern Ukraine | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 21–27 Jul 2022 | Levada Center | 43% | — | 4% | Шаблон:N/A | 1% | 14% | 14% | 3% | 4% | — | 16% | — | — | 1% | — | 5% | 16% | 16% | |||
| 6 Apr 2022 | Liberal Democratic Party of Russia leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky dies[69] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 Feb 2022 | Beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 Feb 2022 | Russia announces international recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 10–28 Dec 2021 | CIPKR | — | 3% | — | 0% | 5% | 18% | — | 2% | 1% | 1% | 15% | — | — | — | — | 24% | 31% | ||||
| 25 Nov–1 Dec 2021 | Levada Center | 32% | 1% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 1% | — | — | — | — | 1% | — | — | 1% | — | 3% | 21% | 27% | |||
| 22–28 Apr 2021 | Levada Center | 40% | 1% | 2% | 4% | 2% | — | — | — | — | — | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | — | 3% | 18% | 23% | |||
| 17 Jan 2021 | Arrest of Alexei Navalny | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Dec 2020 | CIPKR | — | 5% | — | 1% | 2% | 18% | — | 4% | 2% | 0% | 8% | — | — | — | – | 33% | 27% | ||||
| 19–26 Nov 2020 | Levada Center | 39% | 1% | 2% | 6% | 2% | 1% | — | — | — | — | 1% | — | 1% | — | — | 2% | 16% | 24% | |||
| 20–26 Aug 2020 | Levada Center | 40% | 1% | 1% | 4% | 2% | 1% | — | — | — | — | 1% | 1% | 1% | — | — | 2% | 26% | 22% | |||
| 18–23 Dec 2019 | CIPKR | — | 9% | — | 4% | — | 24% | — | 11% | 5% | 1% | — | — | — | — | – | 26% | 20% | ||||
| 12–18 Dec 2019 | Levada Center | 38% | 3% | 2% | 4% | 2% | 1% | — | 1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | – | 2% | 26% | 22% | |||
| 18–24 Jul 2019 | Levada Center | 40% | 3% | 1% | 3% | 1% | — | — | <1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | – | 2% | 31% | 19% | |||
| 21–27 Mar 2019 | Levada Center | 41% | 4% | 2% | 5% | 1% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | – | 3% | 26% | 19% | |||
| 18–24 Oct 2018 | Levada Center | 40% | 3% | 2% | 4% | 1% | <1% | <1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | – | 2% | 27% | 23% | |||
Notes
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Notelist
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Russian elections
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite news
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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- ↑ 32,0 32,1 32,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 43,0 43,1 43,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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