Английская Википедия:27 Club

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Файл:Graffiti Tel Aviv, Khayim Ben Atar St - zoom.jpg
27 Club street mural in Tel Aviv by John Kiss, depicting several well-known members of the club. Left to right: Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse.[1]

The 27 Club is an informal list consisting mostly of popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27.[2][3][4][5][6] Although the claim of a "statistical spike" for the death of musicians at that age has been refuted by scientific research, it remains a cultural phenomenon, with many celebrities who die at 27 noted for their high-risk lifestyles.

Cultural phenomenon

Beginning with the deaths of several 27-year-old popular musicians between 1969 and 1971 (such as Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison), dying at the age of 27 came to be, and remains, a perennial subject of popular culture, celebrity journalism, and entertainment industry lore.[2][3] This cultural phenomenon, which came to be known as the "27 Club," attributes special significance to popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27, often as a result of drug and alcohol abuse or violent means such as homicide, suicide, or transportation-related accidents.[7] The cultural phenomenon gave rise to an urban myth that celebrity deaths are more common at 27, a claim that has been refuted by statistical research as discussed in the § Scientific studies section below.[8][5]

History

Файл:Jim Morrison 1969.JPG
Jim Morrison, lead singer of the rock band the Doors and among the first people associated with the 27 Club

Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison all died at the age of 27 between 1969 and 1971. At the time, the coincidence gave rise to some comment,[9][10] but, according to Hendrix and Kurt Cobain's biographer, Charles R. Cross, "It wasn't until Kurt Cobain took his own life in 1994 that the idea of the 27 Club arrived in the popular zeitgeist."[11] Cross claims that the "launch of the Club concept" can be traced to the growing influence of the internet and sensational celebrity journalism on popular culture in the years following Cobain's death, as well as media interpretations of a statement by Cobain's mother, Wendy Fradenburg Cobain O'Connor, quoted in the local Aberdeen, Washington, newspaper The Daily World, and subsequently carried worldwide by the Associated Press: "Now he's gone and joined that stupid club. I told him not to join that stupid club."[12]

R. Gary Patterson, chronicler of rock music urban myth, agreed with the interpretations of Cross and some contemporary journalists that Cobain's mother was referring to Hendrix, Joplin, and Morrison.[13][14][15] Others linked her quote to then-recent heroin-related deaths of fellow young Seattle rock musicians, such as Stefanie Sargent of 7 Year Bitch and Andrew Wood of Mother Love Bone.[16] On the other hand, Eric Segalstad, author of The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll, claimed that she was referring to the death of Cobain's two uncles and his great-uncle, all of whom had committed suicide.[17] Cross, himself, dismissed "the absurd notion that Kurt Cobain intentionally timed his death so he could join the 27 Club," noting that Cobain "had nearly died from drug overdoses on at least two dozen occasions in the year before his death... [and] made several previous suicide attempts at various ages.[11]

In 2011, seventeen years after Cobain's death, Amy Winehouse died at the age of 27, prompting a renewed swell of media attention devoted to the 27 Club.[18] Three years earlier, Winehouse's personal assistant, Alex Haines, told the British press that Winehouse, then 25, feared she would join Jim Morrison, Brian Jones, and Kurt Cobain in dying at 27: "She reckoned she would join the 27 Club of rock stars who died at that age. She told me, 'I have a feeling I'm gonna die young'."[19]

Scientific studies

Despite the cultural significance given to musician and celebrity deaths at age 27, the common claim that they are statistically more common at this age is an urban myth, refuted by scientific research.[2][3][4][5]

A study by university academics published in the British Medical Journal in December 2011 concluded that there was no increase in the risk of death for musicians at the age of 27, stating that there were equally small increases at ages 25 and 32. The study noted that young adult musicians have a higher death rate than the general young adult population, surmising that "fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27".[8]

A 2014 article at The Conversation suggested that statistical evidence shows popular musicians are most likely to die at the age of 56 (2.2% compared to 1.3% at 27).[5]

In popular culture

The 27 Club frequently appears by name and reference in popular culture and mass media. Several exhibitions have been devoted to the idea, as well as novels, films, stage plays, songs, video games, and comics.Шаблон:Sfnp[20][6][21]

Music

  • The name of the song "27" by Fall Out Boy from their 2008 album Folie à Deux is a reference to the club. The lyrics explore the hedonistic lifestyles common in rock and roll. Pete Wentz, the primary lyricist of Fall Out Boy, wrote the song because he felt that he was living a similarly dangerous lifestyle.[22]
  • John Craigie's song "28", which appeared on his 2009 album Montana Tale, and 2018 live album Opening for Steinbeck, is written from the perspective of 27 Club members Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, and Kurt Cobain, as each contemplates their respective mortality and imagines what they would do differently "if I could only make it to twenty eight."[23][24] Craigie wrote the song when he himself was age 27.[25]
  • The theme is referenced in the song "27 Forever" by Eric Burdon, on his 2013 album 'Til Your River Runs Dry.[26]
  • The band Letlive featured a song named "27 Club" on its 2013 album The Blackest Beautiful.[27]
  • Magenta's 2013 studio album The Twenty Seven Club directly references the club. Each track is a tribute to a member of the club.[28]
  • Daughtry's song "Long Live Rock & Roll" from their 2013 album Baptized references the club with the lyrics "they're forever 27 – Jimmy, Janis, Brian Jones".[29]
  • Rapper Watsky references the club on his 2014 song "All You Can Do" with the lyric, "I tried to join the 27 Club; they kicked me out."[30] The song then goes on to reference some famous members of the club, namely Amy Winehouse, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain, Jim Morrison, and Brian Jones.
  • Mac Miller's 2015 song "Brand Name" contains the lyric "To everyone who sell me drugs: Don't mix it with that bullshit; I'm hoping not to join the 27 Club".[31]Шаблон:User-generated source Miller died aged 26, after consuming counterfeit oxycodone pills that contained fentanyl.[32]
  • The song "27 Club" by Ivy Levan, released as a promotional single for her 2015 album No Good, refers to the club.[33]
  • Halsey's song "Colors," from her 2015 debut album, Badlands, includes the line "I hope you make it to the day you're 28 years old."[34]
  • JPEGMafia's 2016 album Black Ben Carson includes a song titled "The 27 Club", which the song refers to the infamous club. He explicitly references fallen members Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Kurt Cobain.[35]
  • Frank Ocean's 2016 song "Nights" features the lyric "No white lighters 'til I fuck my 28th up", referencing the white lighter myth associated with many members of the 27 club.[36]
  • Adore Delano released a song called "27 Club" on her 2017 studio album Whatever, with the repeated lyric "All of the legends die at twenty seven." Delano was aged 27 at the time of release.[37]
  • In 2017, the MonaLisa Twins released "Club 27", a song on their album "Orange", about the 27 Club.[38]
  • Juice Wrld referenced the club on his 2018 song "Legends", where he says "What's the 27 Club? We ain't making it past 21." The song was dedicated to XXXTentacion, who was killed at 20, and Lil Peep, who died from an overdose at 21. Coincidentally, Juice Wrld himself died at the age of 21 from an accidental overdose less than a year later.[39]
  • The Pretty Reckless released a song titled "Rock and Roll Heaven" on their 2021 studio album Death by Rock and Roll. The song is about the club and mentions explicitly in the lyrics Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and Jim Morrison. Frontwoman Taylor Momsen wrote the song after falling into a depressive state from the deaths of her producer Kato Khandwala and Chris Cornell, the latter of whom her band had opened for the night before his death.[40]
  • The Blind Channel song "Dark Side", the Finnish entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2021, includes the lyrics "Like the 27 Club, headshot, we don't wanna grow up".[41]

Video games

  • In the 2016 video game Hitman, one of the in-game missions, Club 27, involves killing an indie musician who is celebrating his 27th birthday.[42]

Comics

  • A central plot device in the manga Shiori Experience, first published in 2013 by Yuko Osada, is a demonic ritual by which a person can make contact with the spirit of a musician from the 27 Club. In exchange, they must become a legend of similar caliber by their 28th birthday to avoid death. The series features characters haunted by members of the club, including Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain, and Janis Joplin.
  • Cartoonist Luke McGarry created The 27 Club comic series for MAD Magazine, debuting in 2018.[43] The comics featured Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Brian Jones, Robert Johnson, Amy Winehouse, Jim Morrison, and Kurt Cobain as paranormal pop stars descending from Rock & Roll Heaven to save the planet with the aid of mortal medium Keith Richards.

Identified members

Because the 27 Club is entirely notional, there is no official membership. The table below lists individuals explicitly described as "members" of the 27 Club by journalists and writers in various books and publications.

Some deaths linked to the 27 Club pre-date its emergence as a cultural phenomenon. Blues musician Robert Johnson, who died in 1938, is one of the earliest popular musicians included by various sources.[44][45]

Despite the club's original association with the deaths of popular musicians, later sources began to link actors, artists, athletes, and other celebrities to the 27 Club. Rolling Stone included television actor Jonathan Brandis, who committed suicide in 2003, in a list of 27 Club members.[45] Anton Yelchin, who had played in a punk rock band but was primarily known as a film actor, was also described as a member of the club upon his death in 2016.[46] Likewise, Jean-Michel Basquiat has been linked to the club despite being known primarily as a painter, with his music career being relatively brief and obscure.[47]

Purported 27 Club members
Name Date of birth Date of death Cause of death Fame Age Sources
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Not recorded Composer, pianist and conductor Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Neurosyphilitic sclerosis Ragtime musician Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Sepsis Poet Шаблон:Ayd [49]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Unknown Blues singer and musician Шаблон:Ayd [48][44]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Traffic accident, probable murder. King of Iraq 1933-1939 Шаблон:Ayd [50]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Complications from high blood pressure Swing jazz pianist Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Car crash, suspected foul play R&B singer, pianist and songwriter Шаблон:Ayd [48][51]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Vocalist of the Drifters Шаблон:Ayd [52]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Heart attack R&B and gospel singer Шаблон:Ayd Шаблон:Sfnp
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Carbon monoxide poisoning Original member and lead guitarist of Spanky and Our Gang Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Rock and roll singer Шаблон:Ayd [53]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drowning Rolling Stones founder, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist Шаблон:Ayd [48][54][55][56]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Leader, singer and primary composer of Canned Heat Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Asphyxia due to drug use Pioneering electric guitarist, singer and songwriter of the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Band of Gypsys Шаблон:Ayd [48][57]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Lead vocalist and songwriter of Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Kozmic Blues Band and Full Tilt Boogie Band Шаблон:Ayd [48][58][59]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Murder Frontman, vocalist and bassist of Dyke and the Blazers Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Heart failure Singer, lyricist, and leader of the Doors Шаблон:Ayd [48][60]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Electrocution Guitarist in several Scottish bands, most notably Stone the Crows. Шаблон:Ayd [48][61]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Founding member, keyboardist and singer of the Grateful Dead Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Horseriding accident Singer and percussionist of Bloodstone Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Long-term companion of Jim Morrison and heir to his estate Шаблон:Ayd [45][62][63]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Plane crash Organ player of Chase Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Pulmonary edema Bassist of the Stooges Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Suicide Singer, songwriter, keyboardist and guitarist, leader of Badfinger Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Former bassist of Uriah Heep and the Keef Hartley Band Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Car accident Singer-songwriter Шаблон:Ayd [64][65]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Carbon monoxide poisoning Bassist of 1970s prog rock band Triumvirat Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Car accident Singer-songwriter and guitarist of power pop band Big Star and solo Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Car accident Guitarist of the Count Bishops Шаблон:Ayd Шаблон:Sfnp[66]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Car accident Guitarist, lead singer of punk band Minutemen Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Defenestration, possible suicide Poet, rock musician and songwriter Шаблон:Ayd [64]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Murder Singer, songwriter, musician, and composer Шаблон:Ayd [67]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Painter and graffiti artist; formed the band Gray Шаблон:Ayd [52]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Motorcycle accident Drummer of Echo & the Bunnymen Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drowning Singer of Five Go Down to the Sea? Шаблон:Ayd [68]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Plane crash Country singer and guitarist/fiddle player for Reba McEntire Шаблон:Ayd [69]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Cancer Poet, founder of the Bulgarian new wave band New Generation Шаблон:Ayd [70]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Murder Lead singer of the Gits Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Circa Suicide Founding member, lead singer, guitarist and songwriter of Nirvana Шаблон:Ayd Шаблон:Circa [48][58][71]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Bass guitarist of Hole and Janitor Joe Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Andrés Escobar Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Murder Footballer Шаблон:Ayd [72][73][74]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Disappeared; later declared legally dead Lyricist and guitarist of Manic Street Preachers Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Murder Rapper Шаблон:Ayd [75]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Murder American rapper and member of Screwed Up Click Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Murder American rapper and member of the hip hop group Lost Boyz Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Subarachnoid hemorrhage Drummer of Malice Mizer Шаблон:Ayd [76]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Car accident Cuarteto singer Шаблон:Ayd [64]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Asphyxia Lead singer of Ink & Dagger Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Plane crash Singer of Passion Fruit Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis Filipino actor Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose The Mars Volta and De Facto sound manipulator Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Suicide American actor Шаблон:Ayd [45]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Glioblastoma Porn actress Шаблон:Ayd [50]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Guitarist of American Head Charge Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Murder Mexican banda singer Шаблон:Ayd [48]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Bus accident Member of Australian deathcore band the Red Shore Шаблон:Ayd [77]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Kidney failure Founding member of the R&B group 702 Шаблон:Ayd [78]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Cervical cancer Reality-television personality Шаблон:Ayd [46][79]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Drug overdose Artist Шаблон:Ayd [80][81]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Alcohol poisoning Singer-songwriter Шаблон:Ayd [54][58][82][83]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Heart attack Trumpet player, collaborator with Friendly Fires Шаблон:Ayd [84]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Heart failure Drag queen Шаблон:Ayd [85]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Respiratory failure Footballer Шаблон:Ayd [86]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Cancer Guitarist of Surfer Blood Шаблон:Ayd [87]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Car accident Actor, Chekov in the Star Trek reboot series Шаблон:Ayd [46][88]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Diabetes Russian rapper Шаблон:Ayd [89]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Suicide Vocalist and lyricist of Shinee Шаблон:Ayd [90][91]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Idiopathic epilepsy American rapper Шаблон:Ayd [92][93]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Asphyxia due to drug use American professional baseball starting pitcher Шаблон:Ayd [82]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Suicide Elvis Presley's grandson, son of Lisa Marie Presley and brother of Riley Keough Шаблон:Ayd [82]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Asthma attack provoked by the use of alcohol and antidepressants Russian rapper Шаблон:Ayd [94]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Suicide Korean actress Шаблон:Ayd [95]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Suicide Russian battle rapper Шаблон:Ayd [96]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Overdose Russian rapper Шаблон:Ayd [97]
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Myocardial infarction and Ventricular fibrillation Singer, actor, and composer Шаблон:Ayd [98][99]
Шаблон:Sortname Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Undetermined Nigerian rapper Шаблон:Ayd [100]

See also

Шаблон:Portal

Bibliography

References

Шаблон:Reflist

General sources

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
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Разное

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