Английская Википедия:2 Kings 9

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Bible chapter

2 Kings 9 is the ninth chapter of the second part of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the Second Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE.Шаблон:Sfn This chapter records Jehu's anointing as the next king of Israel and his assassinations of Jehoram the king of Israel, Ahaziah the king of Judah and Jezebel the queen mother of Israel.Шаблон:Sfn The narrative is a part of a major section 2 Kings 9:1–15:12 covering the period of Jehu's dynasty.Шаблон:Sfn

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and since the 16th century is divided into 37 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Шаблон:Sfn Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 6Q4 (6QpapKgs; 150–75 BCE) with extant verses 1–2.[1][2][3][4]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>A; 5th century).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

Locations

Шаблон:Location map+ This chapter mentions or alludes to the following places (in order of appearance):

Analysis

This chapter and the next one contain one continuous narrative of Jehu's overthrow of the Omride dynasty and destruction of the Baal worship in Israel, reopening the battle against apostasy which was started by Elijah (Шаблон:Bibleverse).Шаблон:Sfn Fulfilling the divine commission given to Elijah, Elisha arranged the anointing of Jehu who then executed a total revolution in Israel and Judah, by killing the reigning kings (and their family members) of both kingdoms. The narrative may be divided into two parallel sections, the first one about the assassination of the leaders (including Jezebel, the queen mother of Israel) in chapter 9 and the second about the killing of their kinsmen (including the Baal worshippers as Jezebel's "kin"), ending with a summary of Jehu's reign and the consequences of his action in relation to his faithfulness to YHWH in chapter 10.Шаблон:Sfn The structure can be as follows:Шаблон:Efn

A Jehu is anointed king (9:1-15)
B Jehu kills King Jehoram outside Jezreel (9:16-26)
C Jehu kills King Ahaziah in Beth-haggan (9:27-29)
D Jehu has Jezebel killed in Jezreel (9:30-37)
B' Jehu massacres the house of Ahab in Jezreel (10:1-11)
C' Jehu massacres the kinsmen of King Ahaziah at Beth-eked (10:12-14)
D' Jehu massacres worshipers of Baal and destroys house of Baal in Samaria (10:15-28)
A' Summary of reign of Jehu (10:29-36)

Шаблон:AnchorThe anointing of Jehu (9:1–15)

Файл:Jehu-Obelisk-cropped.jpg
In a scene from the Black Obelisk Jehu bows before Shalmaneser III.[5] This is "the only portrayal we have in ancient Near Eastern art of an Israelite or Judaean monarch".[6]
Файл:I-a-ú-a-mar Hu-um-ri-i.jpg
The inscription mIa-ú-a mar mHu-um-ri-i (Шаблон:Lang-akk): "Jehu of the land of people[7][8] of Omri)".

The inverted subject-verb order in verse 1 indicates the shift to another story line.Шаблон:Sfn Prophets' political influence is shown here as in the previous chapter (8:7–15) when Elisha played a role in Hazael's coup against Ben-hadad in Damascus. In this part Elisha uses a military crisis to fulfill the last divine commission in Шаблон:Bibleverse to support Jehu's ousting of the Omri dynasty.Шаблон:Sfn The long oracle in verses 7–10 stems from Elijah's prophecy to Ahab at Naboth's vineyard in Jezreel (Шаблон:Bibleverse).Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:AnchorVerses 1–3

Шаблон:SupAnd Elisha the prophet called one of the sons of the prophets, and said to him, "Get yourself ready, take this flask of oil in your hand, and go to Ramoth Gilead. Шаблон:SupNow when you arrive at that place, look there for Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi, and go in and make him rise up from among his associates, and take him to an inner room. Шаблон:SupThen take the flask of oil, and pour it on his head, and say, 'Thus says the Lord: "I have anointed you king over Israel."' Then open the door and flee, and do not delay."[9]
  • "Get yourself ready": lit. in Hebrew "Gird up your loins".[10] Elisha gave specific instructions to his disciples, detailing what to bring, what to do, what to say, with the emphasis to separate Jehu from his fellow soldiers outside and to take him to 'an inside room' for the anointing and commissioning, then charging the disciple upon the completion of the tasks to "open the door and flee and don't wait around".Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:AnchorJehu killed King Jehoram of Israel (9:16–26)

Файл:Joram op zijn wagen wordt door Jehu doorschoten, RP-P-OB-45.903.jpg
Jehu shoots an arrow that strikes Jehoram in the back. Illustration by Jan Luyken (1712).

The narrative follows an impressive scene from the sentinel's viewpoint (Greek: teichoskopia), how Jehu steers his chariot ('like a maniac') in verses 17–20. Since no messengers he sent to Jehu came back (instead, they got behind Jehu) king Joram decided to investigate the matter himself and met Jehu half way (verse 21). Jehu's reply with sharp criticism of the Omrides' religious policy (verse 22) alerted Joram of Jehu's aggressive intentions, but it is too late to flee, only enough time to warn Ahaziah to run. Joram was killed by Jehu's arrow, because, according to Jehu's reason, 'Joram had to suffer for a sin committed by his father Ahab' (verses 25, 26a). The discrepancies with Шаблон:Bibleverse (which only mention Naboth, but here also his sons) and the addition of religious dimension in verse 22 suggest the originality of the passage in the context.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 20

So the watchman reported, saying, "He went up to them and is not coming back; and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi, for he drives furiously!"[11]

The man's "crazy" driving style as the chariot was approaching identified the driver as Jehu.Шаблон:Sfn The Hebrew word for "crazy" here (Шаблон:Strong-number) is of the same root word as the nickname "crazy man" (Шаблон:Strong-number) associated to the disciple who anointed Jehu in verse 11.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 23

And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah.[12]
  • "Turned his hands": refers to how someone would have pulled on the reins in order to make the horses turn around.[13] The switch to inverted subject-verb order emphasizes the simultaneity of Jehoram's attempt to flee and Jehu's taking aim to shoot him with an arrow as the forensic-style report also points the exact path the arrow took to hit Joram.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 26

"'Surely I saw yesterday the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons,' says the Lord, 'and I will repay you in this plot,' says the Lord. Now therefore, take and throw him on the plot of ground, according to the word of the Lord."[14]
  • "In this plot": or "on this property".[15]

After the assassination of Jehoram, Jehu provides a brief flashback that he and Bidkar directly heard the original pronouncement of the oracle against Ahab to avenge the death of Naboth (cf. Шаблон:Bibleverse). This information sheds new light that Jehu accepted the oracle after his anointing without question because he had heard it before, thus fueling his conspiracy by the doubled divine word and justifying the slaying of the son of Ahab as recompense for the murder of the sons of Naboth. The pronouncement is framed by his order to Bidkar to throw Joram into the field of Naboth, fulfilling the prophecy.Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:AnchorJehu kills King Ahaziah of Judah (9:27–29)

Ahaziah the king of Judah initially managed to flee to the south, but was overtaken after about 10 km on the ascent to the mountains and fatally shot, but he could still reach Megiddo, died there (cf. Josiah in 2 Kings 23:30), then was taken to Jerusalem by his followers.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 29

And in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab began Ahaziah to reign over Judah.[16]
  • "In the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab": Thiele[17] calculates that Ahaziah the son of Jehoram of Judah 'began to reign' as "co-regent" with his father in the month of Tishri (September) 842 BCE,Шаблон:Sfn and later became a sole king of Judah after his father's death ("the 12th year of Joram the son of Ahab"; 2 Kings 8:25) between April and September 841 BCE.Шаблон:Sfn The mention of "11th year" and "12th year" gives the initial clue to Thiele on how to unravel the chronology of the Hebrew kings.[18]

Шаблон:AnchorJehu had Jezebel killed (9:30–37)

Файл:The death of Jezebel - William Brassey Hole.jpg
"The death of Jezebel" by William Brassey Hole (1846-1917).

With the death of both kings, Jehu can turn his attention to Jezebel, who is still in Jezreel. He encounters no resistance on entering the city, finding Jezebel, lavishly decorated, appearing at 'the window from which royalty show themselves to the people'. She addressed the approaching Jehu as "Zimri", recalling another usurper who assassinated his royal master, only soon to be overcome himself by Omri (cf. Шаблон:Bibleverse). Jehu responded impatiently and ordered the queen mother to be thrown out of the window.Шаблон:Sfn After it was promptly executed, Jehu imperturbably went in to eat, then, as an afterthought, he remembered that noble people should be given a decent burial, but there is not enough left of Jezebel to bury (verses 30–35). Verses 33–37 refer to the judgement made in Шаблон:Bibleverse to legitimize the events.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 31

And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said, Had Zimri peace, who slew his master?[19]

Jezebel associates Jehu with another assassin, Zimri, who approximately 44 years before had murdered King Elah, only to meet a violent death just a few days later (Шаблон:Bibleverse).[20]

See also

Шаблон:Columns-list

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

External links

Шаблон:Second Book of Kings

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Dead sea scrolls - 2 Kings
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ 6Q4 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Bibleref2 NKJV
  10. ↑ Note on 2 Kings 9:1 in NKJV
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Bibleref2 NKJV
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV
  13. ↑ Note on 2 Kings 9:23 in NET Bible.
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Bibleref2 NKJV
  15. ↑ Note on 2 Kings 9:26 in NKJV.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV
  17. ↑ Thiele, Edwin R., The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). Шаблон:ISBN, 9780825438257
  18. ↑ Thiele 1951, p. 40
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV
  20. ↑ Note on 2 Kings 9:31 in NET Bible
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