Английская Википедия:2nd United States Congress
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox United States Congress
The 2nd United States Congress, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from March 4, 1791, to March 4, 1793, during the third and fourth years of George Washington's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution. Additional House seats were assigned to the two new states of Vermont and Kentucky. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority. Шаблон:TOC limit
Major events
- April 5, 1792: President Washington used the veto for the first time, vetoing a bill designed to apportion representatives among U.S. states.
- April–May, 1792: the House conducted the government's first investigative hearings, examining Gen. Arthur St. Clair's Defeat in the Battle of the Wabash.
- October 13, 1792: Foundation of Washington, D.C.: The cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion, now known as the White House, was laid.
Major legislation
- February 20, 1792: Postal Service Act, Sess. 1, ch. 7, Шаблон:USStat, established the U.S. Post Office
- March 1, 1792: Act relative to the Election of a President and Vice President of the United States, and to Presidential Succession, Sess. 1, ch. 8, Шаблон:USStat, stated the process for electors and Congress to follow when electing a president and vice president, and established which federal officer would act as president if both the offices of president and vice president became vacant.
- April 2, 1792: Coinage Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 16, Шаблон:USStat, established the United States Mint and regulated coinage
- April 14, 1792: Apportionment Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 23 Шаблон:USStat, increased the size of the House of Representatives from 69 seats in the 2nd Congress to 105 in the 3rd and apportioned those seats among the several states according to the 1790 census
- May 2, 1792: First Militia Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 28, Шаблон:USStat, empowered the president to call out the militias of the various states in the event of an invasion or rebellion.
- May 5, 1792: Debtors' Prison Relief Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 29, Шаблон:USStat, established penal regulations and restrictions for persons' gaoled for property debt, tax evasion, and tax resistance.
- May 8, 1792: Second Militia Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 33, Шаблон:USStat, required that every free able-bodied white male citizen of the various states, between the ages of 18 and 45, enroll in the militia of the state in which they reside.
- February 12, 1793: Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, Sess. 2, ch. 7, Шаблон:USStat
- March 2, 1793: Judiciary Act of 1793 (including Anti-Injunction Act), Sess. 2, ch. 22, Шаблон:USStat
States admitted
- March 4, 1791: Vermont was admitted as the 14th state, Шаблон:USStat
- June 1, 1792: Kentucky was admitted as the 15th state, Шаблон:USStat
Constitutional amendments
- December 15, 1791: The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified by the requisite number of states (then 11) to become part of the Constitution.
Party summary
There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]
Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
During this congress, two new Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Vermont and Kentucky.
| Faction (Shading indicates faction control)
|
Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" | | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" | | ||||
| Anti-Administration (A) |
Pro-Administration (P) |
Vacant | |||
| End of previous Congress |
8 | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 18 | 26 | 0 | |
| Begin | 8 | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 17 | 25 | 1 | |
| March 4, 1791Шаблон:Efn | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 16 | 24 | 2 | ||
| June 13, 1791Шаблон:Efn | rowspan=5 Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 17 | 25 | 1 | ||
| November 4, 1791Шаблон:Efn | 10 | 27 | |||
| June 18, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 12 | 29 | |||
| October 8, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 11 | 28 | 2 | ||
| October 18, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 12 | 29 | 1 | ||
| November 30, 1792Шаблон:Efn | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 16 | 28 | 2 | ||
| January 10, 1793Шаблон:Efn | rowspan=2 Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 17 | 29 | 1 | ||
| February 28, 1793Шаблон:Efn | 13 | 30 | 0 | ||
| Final voting share | 43.3% | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 56.7% | |||
| Beginning of the next Congress |
14 | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 16 | 30 | 0 | |
House of Representatives
During this congress, two new House seats were added for each of the new states of Vermont and Kentucky. (Sess. 3, ch. 9, Шаблон:USStat)
| Faction (Shading indicates faction control)
|
Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" | | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" | | ||||
| Anti-Administration (A) |
Pro-Administration (P) |
Vacant | |||
| End of previous Congress |
28 | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 36 | 64 | 1 | |
| Begin March 4, 1791 |
25 | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 37 | 62 | 3 | |
| April 4, 1791Шаблон:Efn | rowspan=2 Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 38 | 63 | 2 | ||
| October 24, 1791Шаблон:Efn | 28 | 66 | 1 | ||
| November 1791Шаблон:Efn | rowspan=3 Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 37 | 65 | 2 | ||
| February 6, 1792 Шаблон:Efn | 29 | 66 | 1 | ||
| March 21, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 28 | 65 | 2 | ||
| April 2, 1792Шаблон:Efn | rowspan=6 Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 38 | 66 | 1 | ||
| June 1, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 27 | 65 | 4 | ||
| November 8, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 28 | 66 | 3 | ||
| November 9, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 29 | 67 | 2 | ||
| November 22, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 30 | 68 | 1 | ||
| December 6, 1792Шаблон:Efn | 29 | 67 | 2 | ||
| January 30, 1793Шаблон:Efn | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 39 | 68 | 1 | ||
| Final voting share | 42.6% | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | 57.4% | |||
| Beginning of the next Congress |
Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | 55 | 50 | 105 | 0 | |
Leadership
John Adams
Senate
- President: John Adams (P)
- President pro tempore:
- Richard Henry Lee (P)
- John Langdon (P), elected November 5, 1792
House of Representatives
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1796; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1792; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1794. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
Connecticut
- Шаблон:Party stripe1. Oliver Ellsworth (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripe3. William S. Johnson (P), until March 4, 1791
- Шаблон:Party stripeRoger Sherman (P), from June 13, 1791
Delaware
Georgia
- Шаблон:Party stripe2. William Few (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripe3. James Gunn (A)
Kentucky
- Шаблон:Party stripe2. John Brown (A), from June 18, 1792
- Шаблон:Party stripe3. John Edwards (A), from June 18, 1792
Maryland
- Шаблон:Party stripe1. Charles Carroll (P), until November 30, 1792
- Шаблон:Party stripeRichard Potts (P), from February 4, 1793
- Шаблон:Party stripe3. John Henry (P)
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
- Шаблон:Party stripe1. Aaron Burr (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripe3. Rufus King (P)
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
- Шаблон:Party stripe1. Albert Gallatin (A), from February 28, 1793 (not formally installed until next Congress)
- Шаблон:Party stripe3. Robert Morris (P)
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Vermont
- Шаблон:Party stripe1. Moses Robinson (A), from October 17, 1791
- Шаблон:Party stripe3. Stephen R. Bradley (A), from October 17, 1791
Virginia
- Шаблон:Party stripe2. Richard Henry Lee (A), until October 8, 1792
- Шаблон:Party stripeJohn Taylor (A), from December 12, 1792
- Шаблон:Party stripe1. James Monroe (A)
Шаблон:Col-break Шаблон:Col-break
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their districts. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. James Hillhouse (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Amasa Learned (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Jonathan Sturges (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Jeremiah Wadsworth (P)
Delaware
Georgia
All representatives were elected statewide from individual districts.
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Anthony Wayne (A), until March 21, 1792 (seat declared vacant)
- Шаблон:Party stripeJohn Milledge (A), from November 22, 1792
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Abraham Baldwin (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Francis Willis (A)
Kentucky
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Christopher Greenup (A), from November 9, 1792
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Alexander D. Orr (A), from November 8, 1792
Maryland
All representatives were elected statewide from individual districts.
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Philip Key (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Joshua Seney (A), until December 6, 1792
- Шаблон:Party stripeWilliam Hindman (P), from January 30, 1793
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. William Pinkney (P), until November 9, 1791
- Шаблон:Party stripeJohn F. Mercer (A), from February 6, 1792
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Samuel Sterett (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. William Vans Murray (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Upton Sheredine (A)
Massachusetts
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Fisher Ames (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Benjamin Goodhue (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Elbridge Gerry (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Theodore Sedgwick (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Shearjashub Bourne (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. George Leonard (P), from April 2, 1792 (late election)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Artemas Ward (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. George Thatcher (P), from April 4, 1791 (late election)
New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Nicholas Gilman (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Samuel Livermore (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Jeremiah Smith (P)
New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Elias Boudinot (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Abraham Clark (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Jonathan Dayton (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Aaron Kitchell (A)
New York
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Thomas Tredwell (A), from October 24, 1791
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. John Laurance (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Egbert Benson (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Cornelius C. Schoonmaker (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Peter Silvester (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. James Gordon (P)
North Carolina
There was a special redistricting for this Congress.
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. John Steele (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Nathaniel Macon (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. John Baptista Ashe (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Hugh Williamson (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. William Barry Grove (P)
Pennsylvania
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Thomas Fitzsimons (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Frederick Muhlenberg (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Israel Jacobs (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Daniel Hiester (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. John Wilkes Kittera (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Andrew Gregg (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Thomas Hartley (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. William Findley (A)
Rhode Island
South Carolina
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. William L. Smith (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Robert Barnwell (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Daniel Huger (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Thomas Sumter (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Thomas Tudor Tucker (A)
Vermont
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Israel Smith (A), from October 31, 1791
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Nathaniel Niles (A), from October 31, 1791
Virginia
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Alexander White (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. John Brown (A), until June 1, 1792 (when his district became Kentucky)
- Vacant thereafter
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Andrew Moore (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Richard Bland Lee (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. James Madison (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Abraham B. Venable (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. John Page (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Josiah Parker (P)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. William B. Giles (A)
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Ushr. Samuel Griffin (A)
Membership changes
There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]
Vermont and Kentucky were newly admitted as states and are first represented in this Congress.
Senate
There were three resignations, one contested election, and four new seats of admitted states, resulting in a four-seat net gain of the Anti-Administration Senators. Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Ordinal US Congress change
|-
| Pennsylvania
(1)
| Vacant
| Legislature failed to elect senator.
Successor elected February 28, 1793.
| Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Albert Gallatin (A)
| December 2, 1793
|-
| Connecticut
(3)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | William S. Johnson (P)
| Resigned March 4, 1791.
Successor elected June 13, 1791.
| Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | Roger Sherman (P)
| June 13, 1791
|-
| Vermont
(3)
| rowspan=2 | New seat
| rowspan=2 | Vermont was admitted to the Union March 4, 1791.
Winners elected October 17, 1791.
| Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Stephen R. Bradley (A)
| November 4, 1791
|-
| Vermont
(1)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Moses Robinson (A)
| November 4, 1791
|-
| Kentucky
(3)
| rowspan=2 | New seat
| rowspan=2 | Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792.
Winners elected June 18, 1792.
| Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | John Edwards (A)
| June 18, 1792
|-
| Kentucky
(2)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | John Brown (A)
| June 18, 1792
|-
| Virginia
(2)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Richard Henry Lee (A)
| Resigned October 8, 1792.
Successor elected October 18, 1792.
| Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | John Taylor (A)
| October 18, 1792
|-
| Maryland
(1)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | Charles Carroll (P)
| Resigned November 30, 1792.
Successor elected January 10, 1793.
| Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | Richard Potts (P)
| January 10, 1793
|}
House of Representatives
There were 3 resignations, 1 vacancy of a member-elect, 1 contested election, 2 late elections, and 4 new seats of admitted states, resulting in a 3-seat net gain of the Anti-Administration members and a 1-seat net gain of the Pro-Administration members. Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Ordinal US Congress change
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Vacant | Due to failure to reach a majority, four ballots were needed to elect. Incumbent was elected late April 4, 1791. | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | George Thatcher (P) | April 4, 1791
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Vacant | Representative-elect James Townsend died on May 24, 1790, before Congress assembled. | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Thomas Tredwell (A) | October 24, 1791
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | rowspan=2 | New seat | rowspan=2 | Vermont was admitted to the Union on March 4, 1791. | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Israel Smith (A) | October 24, 1791
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Nathaniel Niles (A) | October 24, 1791
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | William Pinkney (P) | Resigned November 1791 | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | John Francis Mercer (A) | February 6, 1792
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Vacant | Due to failure to reach a majority, eight ballots were needed to elect. Incumbent was elected late April 2, 1792. | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | George Leonard (P) | April 2, 1792
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | John Brown (A) | Resigned June 1, 1792, to become U.S. Senator from Kentucky. | Vacant | Seat went with Kentucky
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | rowspan=2 | New seat | rowspan=2 | Kentucky was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1792. | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Alexander D. Orr (A) | November 8, 1792
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Christopher Greenup (A) | November 9, 1792
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Anthony Wayne (A) | Anthony Wayne served until March 21, 1792, when seat declared vacant because the election was contested | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | John Milledge (A) | November 22, 1792
|- | nowrap | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Anti-Administration | Joshua Seney (A) | Resigned December 6, 1792. | Шаблон:Party shading/Pro-Administration | William Hindman (P) | January 30, 1793
|}
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
House of Representatives
- Elections (Chairman: Samuel Livermore)
- Rules (Select)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: John Rutherfurd)
Employees
Senate
House of Representatives
- Clerk: John Beckley
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton
- Doorkeeper: Gifford Dalley
- Chaplain:
- Samuel Blair Presbyterian
- Ashbel Green, Presbyterian, elected November 5, 1792
- Reading Clerks: Шаблон:Dm
See also
- 1790 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1792 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
References
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789–1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Шаблон:USCongresses Шаблон:Authority control
.jpg){kind=link}
