Английская Википедия:31st United States Congress

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox United States Congress The 31st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1849, to March 4, 1851, during the 16 months of the Zachary Taylor presidency and the first eight months of the administration of Millard Fillmore's. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1840 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while there was a Democratic plurality in the House. Шаблон:TOC limit

Major events

Шаблон:See also

March 4, 1849: Zachary Taylor became President of the United States
June, 1849: Relations with France broke down as the French ambassador Guillaume-Tell de La Vallée Poussin engaged in "insulting and confrontational" behavior towards President Taylor, shortly after this a row erupted with France over reparations which France owed the United States. The president of France, Napoleon III, made this worse by making remarks that led to several members of Congress openly condemning him.Шаблон:Efn
December 3–22, 1849: The election for the House speakership takes 63 ballots.^[1]
March 7, 1850: Senator Daniel Webster gave his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorsed the Compromise of 1850 to prevent a possible civil war
May 22, 1850: Senate votes 42-11 in favor of ratifying the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty after the motion to do so was put forth by William R. King of Alabama.^[2] The results of the vote were celebrated in Britain.^[3]
July 9, 1850: President Taylor died and Vice President Millard Fillmore became President.

Major legislation

Шаблон:Main

September 9, 1850: Compromise of 1850, sess. 1, chs. 48-51, Шаблон:USStat - Шаблон:USStat
September 18, 1850: Fugitive Slave Act, sess. 1, ch. 60, Шаблон:USStat
September 20, 1850: "An Act to suppress the Slave Trade in the District of Columbia," sess. 1, ch. 63, Шаблон:USStat
September 29, 1850: Donation Land Claim Act, sess. 1, ch. 76, Шаблон:USStat

States admitted and territories organized

September 9, 1850 — As part of the Compromise of 1850:
- Texas's borders were changed, ch. 49, Шаблон:USStat
- New Mexico Territory was organized, ch. 49, Шаблон:USStat
- California was admitted as a state, ch. 50, Шаблон:USStat
- Utah Territory was organized, ch. 51, Шаблон:USStat

Party summary

Senate

During this Congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of California. Шаблон:US Congress party summary

House of Representatives

During this Congress, two House seats were added for the new state of California. Шаблон:US Congress party summary

Leadership

Файл:Millard Fillmore by Brady Studio 1855-65-crop.jpg

President of the Senate
Millard Fillmore

Senate

President: Millard Fillmore (W), until July 9, 1850; vacant thereafter.
President pro tempore: David Atchison (D), until May 5, 1850
- William R. King (D), from May 6, 1850

House of Representatives

Speaker: Howell Cobb (D), elected December 22, 1849, after 63 ballots
Democratic Caucus Chairman: James Thompson

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Файл:31st United States Congress Senators.svg

Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 31st Congress in March 1849. The green stripes represent Free Soil. California's senators were not seated until September 10, 1850. Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend

Шаблон:Multiple image Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1854. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break

Alabama

Шаблон:Party stripe2. Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), until November 30, 1849

Шаблон:Party stripe Jeremiah Clemens (D), from November 30, 1849

Шаблон:Party stripe3. William R. King (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe James Shields (D), from December 3, 1849

Шаблон:Party stripe Thomas Pratt (W), from January 12, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe3. James Pearce (W)

Massachusetts

Шаблон:Party stripe1. Daniel Webster (W), until July 22, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe Robert C. Winthrop (W), from July 30, 1850, until February 1, 1851

Шаблон:Party stripe Robert Rantoul Jr. (D), from February 1, 1851

Шаблон:Party stripe2. John Davis (W)

Шаблон:Col-break

Шаблон:Party stripe3. Salmon P. Chase (FS)

Шаблон:Party stripe Robert W. Barnwell (D), from June 4, 1850, until December 18, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe Robert Rhett (D), from December 18, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe3. Andrew Butler (D)

Шаблон:Col-break Шаблон:Col-end

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break

Alabama

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. William J. Alston (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Henry W. Hilliard (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Sampson W. Harris (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Samuel W. Inge (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. David Hubbard (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Williamson R. W. Cobb (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Franklin W. Bowdon (D)

Arkansas

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Robert W. Johnson (D)

California

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Edward Gilbert (D), from September 11, 1850 (newly admitted state)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. George W. Wright (I), from September 11, 1850 (newly admitted state)

Шаблон:Party stripe Amos E. Wood (D), from December 3, 1849, until November 19, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe John Bell (W), from January 7, 1851

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Jonathan D. Morris (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John L. Taylor (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Edson B. Olds (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Charles Sweetser (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John K. Miller (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Samuel F. Vinton (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. William A. Whittlesey (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Nathan Evans (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. William F. Hunter (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Moses Hoagland (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Joseph Cable (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. David K. Cartter (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John Crowell (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Joshua R. Giddings (FS)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Joseph M. Root (FS)

Pennsylvania

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Lewis C. Levin (A)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Joseph R. Chandler (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Henry D. Moore (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John Robbins Jr. (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John Freedley (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Thomas Ross (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Jesse C. Dickey (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Thaddeus Stevens (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. William Strong (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Milo M. Dimmick (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Chester P. Butler (W), until October 5, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe John Brisbin (D), from November 13, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. David Wilmot (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Joseph Casey (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Charles W. Pitman (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Henry Nes (W), until September 10, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe Joel B. Danner (D), from December 2, 1850

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. James X. McLanahan (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Samuel Calvin (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Andrew J. Ogle (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Job Mann (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Robert R. Reed (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Moses Hampton (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John W. Howe (FS)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. James Thompson (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Alfred Gilmore (D)

Rhode Island

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. George G. King (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (W)

South Carolina

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Daniel Wallace (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. James L. Orr (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Joseph A. Woodward (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John McQueen (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Armistead Burt (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Isaac E. Holmes (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. William F. Colcock (D)

Tennessee

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Andrew Johnson (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Albert G. Watkins (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Josiah M. Anderson (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John H. Savage (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. George W. Jones (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. James H. Thomas (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Meredith P. Gentry (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Andrew Ewing (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Isham G. Harris (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Frederick P. Stanton (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Christopher H. Williams (W)

Texas

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. David S. Kaufman (D), until January 31, 1851

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Volney E. Howard (D)

Vermont

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. William Henry (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. William Hebard (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. George P. Marsh (W), until May 29, 1849

Шаблон:Party stripe James Meacham (W), from December 3, 1849

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Lucius B. Peck (D)

Virginia

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. John S. Millson (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Richard K. Meade (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Thomas H. Averett (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Thomas S. Bocock (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Paulus Powell (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. James A. Seddon (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Thomas H. Bayly (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Alexander Holladay (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Jeremiah Morton (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Richard Parker (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. James McDowell (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Henry A. Edmundson (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. LaFayette McMullen (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. James M. H. Beale (D)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Alexander Newman (D), until September 8, 1849

Шаблон:Party stripe Thomas Haymond (W), from November 8, 1849

Wisconsin

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Charles Durkee (FS)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Orasmus Cole (W)

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. James D. Doty (D)

Non-voting members

Шаблон:0 Шаблон:Ushr. Henry H. Sibley, from July 7, 1849

Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Ushr. Samuel Thurston (D)

Шаблон:Col-break

Файл:31 us house membership.png

House seats by party holding plurality in state
Шаблон:Legend	Шаблон:Legend
Шаблон:Legend	Шаблон:Legend
Шаблон:Legend	Шаблон:Legend
Шаблон:Legend

Файл:Cobb, Howell2.jpg

Speaker Howell Cobb

Шаблон:Col-end

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Replacements: 5
- Democrats (D): no net change
- Whigs (W): no net change
Deaths: 1
Resignations: 3
Seats from newly admitted states: 2
Interim appointments: 4
Total seats with changes: 8

|- | Illinois
(3) | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | James Shields (D) | Senate voided election March 6, 1849, as Sen. Shields was determined not to have been a US citizen for the number of years required by the Constitution.
Incumbent was re-elected October 27, 1849, having by then qualified. | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | James Shields (D) | Seated December 3, 1849

|- | Massachusetts
(1) | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Robert C. Winthrop (W) | Successor elected February 1, 1851 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Robert Rantoul Jr. (D) | Elected February 1, 1851 |}

House of Representatives

Replacements: 11
- Democrats (D): 2 seat net gain
- Whigs (W): 2 seat net loss
Deaths: 8
Resignations: 5
Contested election:1
Seats from newly admitted states: 2
Total seats with changes: 16

Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Шаблон:Ushr | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Seat remained vacant after territory became organized at end of previous congress | Henry H. Sibley | Seated July 7, 1849 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | George Perkins Marsh (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned some time in 1849 | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | James Meacham (W) | Seated December 3, 1849 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Rodolphus Dickinson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 20, 1849 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Amos E. Wood (D) | Seated December 3, 1849 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Alexander Newman (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 8, 1849 | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Thomas Haymond (W) | Seated November 8, 1849 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Thomas B. King (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 3, 1850 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Joseph W. Jackson (D) | Seated March 4, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Daniel P. King (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 25, 1850 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | William Thompson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Seat declared vacant June 29, 1850, after contested election. House ruled neither candidate entitled to seat and forced special election | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Daniel F. Miller (W) | Seated December 20, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Robert C. Winthrop (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 30, 1850, after being appointed to the US Senate | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Samuel A. Eliot (W) | Seated August 22, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Charles M. Conrad (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 17, 1850, after being appointed United States Secretary of War | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Henry A. Bullard (W) | Seated December 5, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | James Wilson (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 9, 1850 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | George W. Morrison (D) | Seated October 8, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | California admitted into the Union September 9, 1850, and seat remained vacant until September 11, 1850 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Edward Gilbert (D) | Seated September 11, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | California admitted into the Union September 9, 1850, and seat remained vacant until September 11, 1850 | Шаблон:Party shading/Independent (US) | George W. Wright (I) | Seated September 11, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Henry Nes (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 10, 1850 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Joel B. Danner (D) | Seated December 2, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Chester P. Butler (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 5, 1850 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | John Brisbin (D) | Seated November 13, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | John H. Harmanson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 24, 1850 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Alexander G. Penn (D) | Seated December 30, 1850 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Amos E. Wood (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died November 19, 1850 | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | John Bell (W) | Seated January 7, 1851 |- | Шаблон:Ushr | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | David S. Kaufman (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 31, 1851 | Vacant | Not filled this term |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break

Senate

Agriculture (Chairman: Daniel Sturgeon)
Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Augustus Dodge)
California's Admission to the Union (Select)
Claims (Chairman: Moses Norris Jr.)
Commerce (Chairman: Clement C. Clay)
Disorder in the Senate of April 17, 1850 (Select)
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
District of Columbia (Chairman: James M. Mason)
Eligibility of James Shields (Special)
Finance (Chairman: Daniel S. Dickinson then James Pearce)
Foreign Relations (Chairman: William R. King then Henry S. Foote)
French Spoilations (Select) (Chairman: Truman Smith)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: David R. Atchison)
Judiciary (Chairman: Andrew P. Butler)
Manufactures (Chairman: William K. Sebastian)
Mexican Boundary Commission (Select)
Military Affairs (Chairman: Jefferson Davis)
Militia (Chairman: Sam Houston)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: David Levy Yulee)
Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: David S. Reid)
Pensions (Chairman: George Wallace Jones)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Thomas J. Rusk)
Printing (Chairman: Solon Borland)
Private Land Claims (Chairman: Solomon W. Downs)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Robert M.T. Hunter)
Public Lands (Chairman: Alpheus Felch)
Retrenchment (Chairman: James W. Bradbury)
Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Isaac P. Walker)
Roads and Canals (Chairman: Jesse D. Bright)
Seventh Census (Select)
Settlement of the Slavery Question (Select)
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Territories (Chairman: Stephen A. Douglas)
Whole

Шаблон:Col-break

House of Representatives

Accounts (Chairman: Daniel P. King)
Agriculture (Chairman: Nathaniel S. Littlefield)
Bounty Land Act of 1850 (Select)
Claims (Chairman: John Reeves Jones Daniel)
Commerce (Chairman: Robert M. McLane)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Albert G. Brown)
Elections (Chairman: William Strong)
Engraving (Chairman: Edward Hammond)
Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Alexander Holladay)
Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William Thompson)
Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Kingsley S. Bingham)
Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: George A. Caldwell)
Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Milo M. Dimmick)
Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: James M. H. Beale)
Foreign Affairs (Chairman: John A. McClernand)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: Robert W. Johnson)
Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Shepherd Leffler)
Judiciary (Chairman: James Thompson)
Manufactures (Chairman: Lucius B. Peck)
Mileage (Chairman: Graham N. Fitch)
Military Affairs (Chairman: Armistead Burt)
Militia (Chairman: Charles H. Peaslee)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Frederick P. Stanton)
Patents (Chairman: Hiram Walden)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Emery D. Potter)
Private Land Claims (Chairman: Isaac E. Morse)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Franklin W. Bowdon)
Public Expenditures (Chairman: Andrew Johnson)
Public Lands (Chairman: James B. Bowlin)
Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Williamson R. W. Cobb)
Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Cullen Sawtelle)
Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Loren P. Waldo)
Roads and Canals (Chairman: John L. Robinson)
Rules (Chairman: David S. Kaufman)
Standards of Official Conduct
Territories (Chairman: Linn Boyd)
Ways and Means (Chairman: Thomas H. Bayly)
Whole

Шаблон:Col-end

Joint committees

Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. Thomas J. Rusk then Sen. George Badger)
The Library (Chairman: N/A)
The Printing (Chairman: N/A)

Caucuses

Democratic (House)
Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

Chaplain: Henry Slicer (Methodist), until January 9, 1850
- Clement M. Butler (Episcopalian), elected January 9, 1850
Secretary: Asbury Dickins
Sergeant at Arms: Robert Beale

House of Representatives

Chaplain: Ralph Gurley (Presbyterian)
Clerk: Thomas J. Campbell, died April 13, 1850
- Richard M. Young, elected April 17, 1850
Doorkeeper: Robert E. Horner
Postmaster: John M. Johnson
Reading Clerks: Шаблон:Dm
Sergeant at Arms: Nathan Sargent, until January 15, 1850
- Adam J. Glossbrenner, from January 15, 1850

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:USCongresses

↑ Шаблон:Cite conference
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Mediation of the Honduran-Guatemalan Boundary Question: Held Under the Good Offices of the Department of State, 1918-1919 ... by United States. Department of State U.S. Government Printing Office, 1919 pg. 211

[1] Шаблон:Cite conference

[2] Шаблон:Cite web

[3] Mediation of the Honduran-Guatemalan Boundary Question: Held Under the Good Offices of the Department of State, 1918-1919 ... by United States. Department of State U.S. Government Printing Office, 1919 pg. 211

[1]

[2]

[3]

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Разное	Викиум - Онлайн-тренажер для мозга Like Центр - Центр поддержки и развития предпринимательства. Gamersbay - лучший магазин по бустингу для World of Warcraft. Ноотропы OmniMind N°1 - Усиливает мозговую активность. Повышает мотивацию. Улучшает память. Санкт-Петербургская школа телевидения - это федеральная сеть образовательных центров, которая имеет филиалы в 37 городах России. Lingualeo.com — интерактивный онлайн-сервис для изучения и практики английского языка в увлекательной игровой форме. Junyschool (Джунискул) – международная школа программирования и дизайна для детей и подростков от 5 до 17 лет, где ученики осваивают компьютерную грамотность, развивают алгоритмическое и креативное мышление, изучают основы программирования и компьютерной графики, создают собственные проекты: игры, сайты, программы, приложения, анимации, 3D-модели, монтируют видео. Умназия - Интерактивные онлайн-курсы и тренажеры для развития мышления детей 6-13 лет SkillBox - это один из лидеров российского рынка онлайн-образования. Среди партнеров Skillbox ведущий разработчик сервисного дизайна AIC, медиа-компания Yoola, первое и самое крупное русскоязычное аналитическое агентство Tagline, онлайн-школа дизайна и иллюстрации Bang! Bang! Education, оператор PR-рынка PACO, студия рисования Draw&Go, агентство performance-маркетинга Ingate, scrum-студия Sibirix, имидж-лаборатория Персона. «Нетология» — это университет по подготовке и дополнительному обучению специалистов в области интернет-маркетинга, управления проектами и продуктами, дизайна, Data Science и разработки. В рамках Нетологии студенты получают ценные теоретические знания от лучших экспертов Рунета, выполняют практические задания на отработку полученных навыков, общаются с экспертами и единомышленниками. Познакомиться со всеми продуктами подробнее можно на сайте https://netology.ru, линейка курсов и профессий постоянно обновляется. StudyBay Brazil – это онлайн биржа для португалоговорящих студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт. Автор24 — самая большая в России площадка по написанию учебных работ: контрольные и курсовые работы, дипломы, рефераты, решение задач, отчеты по практике, а так же любой другой вид работы. Сервис сотрудничает с более 70 000 авторов. Более 1 000 000 работ уже выполнено. StudyBay – это онлайн биржа для англоязычных студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт.

Английская Википедия:31st United States Congress

Major events

Major legislation

States admitted and territories organized

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

Senate

House of Representatives

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

Senate

House of Representatives

Committees

Senate

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Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

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