Английская Википедия:400 metres
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox athletics event The 400 metres, or 400-meter dash, is a sprint event in track and field competitions. It has been featured in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1964 for women. On a standard outdoor running track, it is one lap around the track. Runners start in staggered positions and race in separate lanes for the entire course. In manyШаблон:Clarification needed countries, athletes previously competed in the 440-yard dash (402.336 m)—which is a quarter of a mile and was referred to as the 'quarter-mile'—instead of the 400 m (437.445 yards), though this distance is now obsolete.
Like other sprint disciplines, the 400 m involves the use of starting blocks. The runners take up position in the blocks on the 'ready' command, adopt a more efficient starting posture which isometrically preloads their muscles on the 'set' command, and stride forwards from the blocks upon hearing the starter's pistol. The blocks allow the runners to begin more powerfully and thereby contribute to their overall sprint speed capability. Maximum sprint speed capability is a significant contributing factor to success in the event, but athletes also require substantial speed endurance and the ability to cope well with high amounts of lactic acid to sustain a fast speed over a whole lap. While considered to be predominantly an anaerobic event, there is some aerobic involvement and the degree of aerobic training required for 400-metre athletes is open to debate.[1]
The current men's world record is held by Wayde van Niekerk of South Africa, with a time of 43.03 seconds. Van Niekerk is also the Olympic record holder. Steven Gardiner is the reigning Olympic Champion. Antonio Watson is the current world champion. Michael Norman is the world indoor record holder with a time of 44.52 seconds. The current women's world record is held by Marita Koch, with a time of 47.60 seconds. Shaunae Miller-Uibo is the reigning women's Olympic champion. Marileidy Paulino is the current world champion. Femke Bol holds the women's world indoor record at 49.26 (2023). The men's T43 Paralympic world record of 45.07 seconds is held by Oscar Pistorius.[2]
An Olympic double of 200 metres and 400 m was first achieved by Valerie Brisco-Hooks in 1984, and later by Marie-José Pérec of France and Michael Johnson from the United States on the same evening in 1996. Alberto Juantorena of Cuba at the 1976 Summer Olympics became the first and so far the only athlete to win both the 400 m and 800 m Olympic titles. Pérec became the first to defend the Olympic title in 1996, Johnson became the first and only man to do so in 2000. From 31 appearances in the Olympic Games, the men's gold medalist came from the US 19 times.
Continental records
| Area | Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | ||
| Africa Шаблон:Small | 43.03 Шаблон:WR | Wayde van Niekerk | Шаблон:Flagu | 49.10 | Falilat Ogunkoya | Шаблон:Flagu | |
| Asia Шаблон:Small | 43.93 | Yousef Masrahi | Шаблон:Flagu | 48.14 | Salwa Eid Naser | Шаблон:Flagu | |
| Europe Шаблон:Small | 44.26 | Matthew Hudson-Smith | Шаблон:Flagu | 47.60 Шаблон:WR | Marita Koch | Шаблон:Flagu | |
| North, Central America and Caribbean Шаблон:Small |
43.18 | Michael Johnson | Шаблон:Flagu | 48.36 | Shaunae Miller-Uibo | Шаблон:Flagu | |
| Oceania Шаблон:Small | 44.38 | Darren Clark | Шаблон:Flagu | 48.63 | Cathy Freeman | Шаблон:Flagu | |
| South America Шаблон:Small | 43.93 | Anthony Zambrano | Шаблон:Flagu | 49.64 | Ximena Restrepo | Шаблон:Flagu | |
All-time top 25
Men (outdoor)
| Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Time (s) | Reaction (s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Шаблон:Refh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 43.03 | 0.181 | Wayde van Niekerk | Шаблон:RSA | 14 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [7] |
| 2 | 2 | 43.18 | 0.150 | Michael Johnson | Шаблон:USA | 26 August 1999 | Seville | [8] |
| 3 | 3 | 43.29 | Butch Reynolds | Шаблон:USA | 17 August 1988 | Zürich | ||
| 4 | 43.39 | Johnson #2 | 09 August 1995 | Gothenburg | ||||
| 5 | 43.44 | Johnson #3 | 19 June 1996 | Atlanta | ||||
| 4 | 6 | 43.45 | 0.182 | Jeremy Wariner | Шаблон:USA | 31 August 2007 | Osaka | [9] |
| Michael Norman | Шаблон:USA | 20 April 2019 | Torrance | [10] | ||||
| 8 | 43.48 | 0.156 | van Niekerk #2 | 26 August 2015 | Beijing | [11] | ||
| 6 | 8 | 43.48 | 0.164 | Steven Gardiner | Шаблон:BAH | 04 October 2019 | Doha | [12][13] |
| 10 | 43.49 | Johnson #4 | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta | ||||
| 7 | 11 | 43.50 | Quincy Watts | Шаблон:USA | 05 August 1992 | Barcelona | ||
| 11 | 43.50 | Wariner #2 | 07 August 2007 | Stockholm | ||||
| 13 | 43.56 | Norman #2 | 25 June 2022 | Eugene | [14] | |||
| 14 | 43.60 | 0.130 | Norman #3 | 28 May 2022 | Eugene | [15][16] | ||
| 15 | 43.61 | Norman #4 | 08 June 2018 | Eugene | ||||
| 16 | 43.62 | Wariner #3 | 14 July 2006 | Rome | ||||
| 0.164 | van Niekerk #3 | 06 July 2017 | Lausanne | [17] | ||||
| 8 | 18 | 43.64 | Fred Kerley | Шаблон:USA | 27 July 2019 | Des Moines | [18] | |
| 19 | 43.65 | Johnson #5 | 17 August 1993 | Stuttgart | ||||
| 9 | 19 | 43.65 | 0.195 | LaShawn Merritt | Шаблон:USA | 26 August 2015 | Beijing | [19] |
| 21 | 43.66 | Johnson #6 | 16 June 1995 | Sacramento | ||||
| Johnson #7 | 03 July 1996 | Lausanne | ||||||
| 23 | 43.68 | Johnson #8 | 12 August 1998 | Zürich | ||||
| Johnson #9 | 16 July 2000 | Sacramento | ||||||
| 25 | 43.70 | Kerley #2 | 26 May 2017 | Austin | ||||
| 10 | 25 | 43.70 | Champion Allison | Шаблон:USA | 25 June 2022 | Eugene | [20] | |
| 11 | 43.72 | Isaac Makwala | Шаблон:BOT | 05 July 2015 | La Chaux-de-Fonds | [21] | ||
| 12 | 43.74 | Kirani James | Шаблон:GRN | 03 July 2014 | Lausanne | [22] | ||
| 13 | 43.81 | Danny Everett | Шаблон:USA | 26 June 1992 | New Orleans | |||
| 14 | 43.85 | Randolph Ross | Шаблон:USA | 11 June 2021 | Eugene | [23] | ||
| 15 | 43.86 Шаблон:AthAbbr | Lee Evans | Шаблон:USA | 18 October 1968 | Mexico City | |||
| 16 | 43.87 | Steve Lewis | Шаблон:USA | 28 September 1988 | Seoul | |||
| 17 | 43.91 Шаблон:AthAbbr | Muzala Samukonga | Шаблон:ZAM | 29 April 2023 | Gaborone | [24] | ||
| 18 | 43.93 | Yousef Masrahi | Шаблон:KSA | 23 August 2015 | Beijing | [25] | ||
| Rusheen McDonald | Шаблон:JAM | 23 August 2015 | Beijing | [25] | ||||
| Anthony Zambrano | Шаблон:COL | 02 August 2021 | Tokyo | [26] | ||||
| 21 | 43.94 | Akeem Bloomfield | Шаблон:JAM | 08 June 2018 | Eugene | [27] | ||
| 22 | 43.97 Шаблон:AthAbbr | Larry James | Шаблон:USA | 18 October 1968 | Mexico City | |||
| 23 | 44.01 | Machel Cedenio | Шаблон:TTO | 14 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [7] | ||
| 24 | 44.02 | Baboloki Thebe | Шаблон:BOT | 06 July 2017 | Lausanne | [28] | ||
| 25 | 44.03 | Michael Cherry | Шаблон:USA | 03 September 2021 | Brussels | [29] |
Women (outdoor)
| Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Шаблон:Refh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 47.60 | Marita Koch | Шаблон:GDR | 06 October 1985 | Canberra | |
| 2 | 2 | 47.99 | Jarmila Kratochvílová | Шаблон:TCH | 10 August 1983 | Helsinki | |
| 3 | 3 | 48.14 | Salwa Eid Naser | Шаблон:BHR | 03 October 2019 | Doha | [32] |
| 4 | 48.16 | Koch #2 | 08 September 1982 | Athens | |||
| Koch #3 | 16 August 1984 | Prague | |||||
| 6 | 48.22 | Koch #4 | 28 August 1986 | Stuttgart | |||
| 4 | 7 | 48.25 | Marie-José Pérec | Шаблон:FRA | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 8 | 48.26 | Koch #5 | 27 July 1984 | Dresden | |||
| 5 | 9 | 48.27 | Olga Bryzgina | Шаблон:URS | 06 October 1985 | Canberra | |
| 6 | 10 | 48.36 | Shaunae Miller-Uibo | Шаблон:BAH | 06 August 2021 | Tokyo | |
| 11 | 48.37 | Miller-Uibo #2 | 03 October 2019 | Doha | |||
| 12 | 48.45 | Kratochvílová #2 | 23 July 1983 | Prague | |||
| 7 | 13 | 48.59 | Taťána Kocembová | Шаблон:TCH | 10 August 1983 | Helsinki | |
| 14 | 48.60 | Koch #6 | 04 August 1979 | Turin | |||
| Bryzgina #2 | 17 August 1985 | Moscow | |||||
| 16 | 48.61 | Kratochvílová #3 | 06 September 1981 | Rome | |||
| 8 | 17 | 48.63 | Cathy Freeman | Шаблон:AUS | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 18 | 48.65 | Bryzgina #3 | 26 September 1988 | Seoul | |||
| 9 | 19 | 48.70 | Sanya Richards-Ross | Шаблон:USA | 16 September 2006 | Athens | |
| 20 | 48.73 | Kocembová #2 | 16 August 1984 | Prague | |||
| 10 | 21 | 48.74 | Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone | Шаблон:USA | 08 July 2023 | Eugene | [33] |
| 11 | 22 | 48.76 | Marileidy Paulino | Шаблон:DOM | 23 August 2023 | Budapest | [34] |
| 23 | 48.77 | Koch #7 | 09 July 1982 | Karl-Marx-Stadt | |||
| 24 | 48.82 | Kratochvílová #4 | 23 June 1983 | Prague | |||
| 12 | 25 | 48.83 | Valerie Brisco-Hooks | Шаблон:USA | 06 August 1984 | Los Angeles | |
| 25 | 48.83 | Pérec #2 | 05 August 1992 | Barcelona | |||
| Richards-Ross #2 | 04 September 2009 | Brussels | |||||
| 13 | 48.89 | Ana Guevara | Шаблон:MEX | 27 August 2003 | Saint-Denis | ||
| 14 | 49.05 | Chandra Cheeseborough | Шаблон:USA | 06 August 1984 | Los Angeles | ||
| 15 | 49.07 | Tonique Williams-Darling | Шаблон:BAH | 12 September 2004 | Berlin | ||
| 16 | 49.10 | Falilat Ogunkoya | Шаблон:NGA | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta | ||
| 17 | 49.11 | Olga Nazarova | Шаблон:URS | 25 September 1988 | Seoul | ||
| 18 | 49.13 | Britton Wilson | Шаблон:USA | 13 May 2023 | Baton Rouge | [35] | |
| 19 | 49.16 | Antonina Krivoshapka | Шаблон:RUS | 05 July 2012 | Cheboksary | ||
| 20 | 49.19 | Mariya Pinigina | Шаблон:URS | 10 August 1983 | Helsinki | ||
| 21 | 49.20 | Rhasidat Adeleke | Шаблон:Flag | 10 June 2023 | Austin | [36] | |
| 22 | 49.22 | Christine Mboma | Шаблон:NAM | 17 April 2021 | Windhoek | ||
| 23 | 49.24 | Sabine Busch | Шаблон:GDR | 02 June 1984 | Erfurt | ||
| 24 | 49.26 | Allyson Felix | Шаблон:USA | 27 August 2015 | Beijing | [37] | |
| 25 | 49.28 | Pauline Davis | Шаблон:BAH | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta |
Annulled marks
- Christine Mboma ran 48.54 in Bydgoszcz on 30 June 2021, but her performance was removed from the World Athletics database because of Testosterone regulations in women's athletics.
- Aminatou Seyni ran 49.19 in Lausanne on 5 July 2019, but her performance was removed from the World Athletics database because of Testosterone regulations in women's athletics.
- Yuliya Gushchina ran 49.28 in Cheboksary on 5 July 2012, but her time was annulled after she tested positive for turinabol—a banned steroid—in a 2016 retest of a sample taken from the 2011 World Championships.[38]
Men (indoor)
- Correct as of March 2023.[39]
Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 45.08:
- Michael Johnson also ran 44.66 (1996) and 44.97 (1995).
- Randolph Ross also ran 44.83 (2022), 44.99 (2021).
- Michael Norman also ran 45.00 (2018).
- Fred Kerley also ran 45.02 (2017), 45.03 (2021).
- Akeem Bloomfield also ran 45.02 (2018).
- Kahmari Montgomery also ran 45.04 (2019).
Women (indoor)
- Correct as of March 2023.[52]
Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 50.46:
- Jarmila Kratochvílová also ran 49.64 (1981) and 49.69 (1983).
- Femke Bol also ran 49.85 (2023), 49.96 (2023), 50.20 (2023) and 50.30 (2022).
- Taťána Kocembová also ran 49.97 (1984).
- Natalya Nazarova also ran 49.98 (2006).
- Olesya Krasnomovets also ran 50.04 (12 March 2006).
- Rhasidat Adeleke also ran 50.45 (4 February 2023, 11 March 2023).
Fastest relay splits
Men
| Split | Athlete | Date | Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42.91 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 22 August 1993 | Stuttgart |
| 42.93 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 2 September 2007 | Osaka[58] |
| 43.06 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 27 May 2018 | Sacramento[59] |
| 43.1 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 8 August 1992 | Barcelona |
| Шаблон:Flagathlete | 2 September 2007 | Osaka | |
| 43.2 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 20 October 1968 | Mexico City |
| Шаблон:Flagathlete | 22 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |
| Шаблон:Flagathlete | 20 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro[60] | |
| 43.3 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 10 August 2012 | London |
Women
| Split | Athlete | Date | Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 47.6 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 11 September 1982 | Athens |
| 47.7 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 3 June 1984 | Erfurt |
| Шаблон:Flagathlete | 30 August 2015 | Beijing | |
| 47.8 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 18 August 1984 | Prague |
| Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1 October 1988 | Seoul | |
| Шаблон:Flagathlete | |||
| 47.91 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 24 July 2022 | Eugene |
| 48.0 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1 October 1988 | Seoul |
Most successful athletes
3 or more 400-metre victories at the Olympic Games and World Championships:
- 6 wins: Michael Johnson (USA) - Olympic Champion in 1996 and 2000, World Champion in 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999.
- 4 wins: Marie-Jose Perec (FRA) - Olympic Champion in 1992 and 1996, World Champion in 1991 and 1995.
- 3 wins: Cathy Freeman (AUS) - Olympic Champion in 2000, World Champion in 1997 and 1999.
- 3 wins: Jeremy Wariner (USA) - Olympic Champion in 2004, World Champion in 2005 and 2007.
- 3 wins: Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) - Olympic Champion in 2008, World Champion in 2007 and 2013.
- 3 wins: LaShawn Merritt (USA) - Olympic Champion in 2008, World Champion in 2009 and 2013.
- 3 wins: Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) - Olympic Champion in 2016, World Champion in 2015 and 2017.
- 3 wins: Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH) - Olympic Champion in 2016 and 2020, World Champion in 2022.
The Olympic champion has frequently won a second gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay. This has been accomplished 14 times by men; Charles Reidpath, Ray Barbuti, Bill Carr, George Rhoden, Charles Jenkins, Otis Davis, Mike Larrabee, Lee Evans, Viktor Markin, Alonzo Babers, Steve Lewis, Quincy Watts, Jeremy Wariner and LaShawn Merritt; and 4 times by women; Monika Zehrt, Valerie Brisco-Hooks, Olga Bryzgina and Sanya Richards-Ross. All but Rhoden, Markin, Zehrt and Bryzgina ran on American relay teams. Injured after his double in 1996, Johnson also accomplished the feat in 2000 only to have it disqualified when his teammate Antonio Pettigrew admitted to doping.
Olympic medalists
Men
Шаблон:Olympic medalists in men's 400 metres
Women
Шаблон:Olympic medalists in women's 400 metres
World Championships medalists
Men
Шаблон:World Championships in Athletics medalists in men's 400 metres
Women
Шаблон:World Championships in Athletics medalists in women's 400 metres
World Indoor Championships medalists
Men
Women
- Шаблон:Note label Known as the World Indoor Games
Season's bests
Men
Women
Notes and references
External links
- IAAF list of 400-metres records in XML
- All-time Masters men's 400 m list
- All-time Masters women's 400 m list
Шаблон:Athletics events Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Use dmy dates
- ↑ Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, "Aerobic versus anaerobic training for success in various athletic events" by Shepard, R. J., 1978
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