Английская Википедия:5-inch/25-caliber gun

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox weapon

The 5"/25 caliber gun (spoken "five-inch-twenty-five-caliber") entered service as the standard heavy anti-aircraft (AA) gun for United States Washington Naval Treaty cruisers commissioned in the 1920s and 1930s. The goal of the 5"/25 design was to produce a heavy AA gun that was light enough to be rapidly trained manually.[1] The gun was also mounted on pre-World War II battleships and aircraft carriers until replaced by the standard widespread dual-purpose 5"/38 caliber gun, which was derived from the 5"/25. Guns removed from battleships were probably converted for submarine use by late 1943, while a purpose-built variant for submarines was available in mid-1944, and was widely used by them.[2] United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun fired a projectile 5 inches (127 mm) in diameter, and the barrel was 25 calibers long (that is, for a 5" bore and a barrel length of 25 calibers, 5" x 25 = 125", or about 3.2 meters).[3] It is referred to sometimes as a dual purpose gun and sometimes as an anti-aircraft gun, because of its comparative weakness against surface targets.

History

Файл:127mm gun battery aboard USS New Mexico (BB-40) off Saipan on 15 June 1944.jpg
Battleship Шаблон:USS's 5"/25 battery prepares to fire during the bombardment of Saipan, 15 June 1944

The gun weighed about 2 metric tons and used fixed ammunition (case and projectile handled as a single assembled unit) with a 9.6-pound (4.4 kg) charge of smokeless powder to give a 54-pound (24 kg) projectile a velocity of 2100 feet per second (640 m/s). The ceiling was Шаблон:Convert at the maximum elevation of 85 degrees. Useful life expectancy was 4260 effective full charges (EFC) per barrel.[2] The short barrel of the 5"/25 made it much easier to train manually against fast-moving targets. These guns were manually controlled so the short barrel and light weight made it an early favorite as an anti-aircraft gun. Another key feature was power loading, allowing rapid fire at high elevation angles. The 5"/38 caliber gun replaced the 5"/25 as the anti-aircraft weapon of choice on new construction by the mid-1930s due to its better range, velocity against surface targets, and higher vertical ceiling.

5"/25 guns removed from pre-war battleships (especially those rebuilt after Pearl Harbor) had their barrel linings chromed. These guns were remounted for submarine use beginning in late 1943 for extra firepower against small boats and sampans often encountered off the coast of Japan and elsewhere in the Pacific Theater, replacing the earlier 3-inch and 4-inch guns. New production Mark 17 5"/25 guns on the Mark 40 mount designed for submarines became available in mid-1944; Шаблон:USS was the first submarine built with this gun. Some submarines had two of these weapons.[1] The Mark 17 gun in the Mark 40 submarine gun mount may have used semi-fixed ammunition (case and projectile handled separately), but existing WW II photographs, drawings of ammunition storage, and museum ships all show fixed ammunition (one piece service round). It had a range of Шаблон:Convert at the maximum elevation of 40 degrees.[4] The submarine mounting had manual elevation, train, and loading with no power assist.

From late 1944 some submarines were built or refitted with two of these weapons. The first of these was Шаблон:USS, commissioned on 22 August 1944. In February–March 1945 she operated with two other two-gun submarines, Шаблон:USS and Шаблон:USS, in a wolfpack with significant success.[5] To further improve the effectiveness of the two-gun configuration, seven submarines were fitted with a Mark 6 "Baby Ford" fire control computer with a Mark 6 stable element to correct for pitch and roll.[6][7] The first of these was Шаблон:USS, followed by Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, and Sennet. However, some of these refits were completed in September 1945, too late to see action.[5]

Ships mounting 5"/25 caliber guns

(all heavy and light cruisers in the list are "treaty cruisers")

(none of the heavy cruisers appear to ever have had their secondary battery upgraded, despite quite a few having been heavily damaged and extensively repaired).

The heavy cruiser Шаблон:USS (ca. 1935), the last 2 of the Шаблон:Sclass light cruisers (ca. 1937), the Шаблон:Sclass of battleships (ca. 1937) and the Шаблон:Sclass aircraft carriers (ca. 1934) were originally built with the more modern 5-inch/38 guns.

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:WWIIUSNavalWeapons

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Campbell 1985 p.137
  3. ↑ Fairfield 1921 p.156
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Campbell 1985 p.138
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Friedman 1995, pp. 218-219
  6. ↑ Mark 6 computer at Glenn's Computer Museum
  7. ↑ Mark 6 stable element manual
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 Fahey 1941 p.9
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 Office of Naval Intelligence, ONI 222-US
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Friedman 1983 p.390
  11. ↑ Friedman 1983 p.391
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Breyer 1973 p.210
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Breyer 1973 p.214
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 Breyer 1973 p.219
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Breyer 1973 p.226
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 Breyer 1973 p.230
  17. ↑ ONI 222-US says no replacement was done, photos of the ship look like there are no /38 turrets
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:5-inch/25-caliber_gun&oldid=12857155