Английская Википедия:5 ft 3 in gauge railways
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Sidebar track gauge Railways with a track gauge of Шаблон:Track gauge fall within the category of broad gauge railways. Шаблон:As of, they were extant in Australia, Brazil and Ireland.
History
- 600 BC
- The Diolkos (Δίολκος) across the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece – a grooved paved trackway – was constructed with an average gauge of Шаблон:Track gauge.[1]
- 1840
- The Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway was constructed in 1840-1851 to Шаблон:Track gauge gauge before being converted to Шаблон:Track gauge in 1854–1855.
- 1843
- The Board of Trade of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, after investigating a dispute caused by diverse gauges, recommended the use of Шаблон:Track gauge in Ireland.
- 1846
- The Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846 made Шаблон:Track gauge mandatory throughout all of Ireland.[2]
- 1847
- The Swiss Northern Railway was opened as a Шаблон:Track gauge lineШаблон:When and converted to Шаблон:Track gauge in 1854.
- 1854
- The first Australian railway to operate steam-powered freight and passenger services, Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company, was built as a Шаблон:Track gauge line.[3]
- 1858
- The first Brazilian Шаблон:Track gauge railway was opened: the Companhia de Estrada de Ferro Dom Pedro II.
- 1863
- The Canterbury Railway in New Zealand was built in Шаблон:Track gauge. It was converted to Шаблон:Track gauge in 1876.
Nomenclature
- In the Republic of IrelandШаблон:Cn and the United Kingdom, the gauge is known as Irish gauge.[4]Шаблон:Better source In Ireland it is also common to hear it referred to as "standard gauge" when distinguishing it from the various 3 ft (narrow gauge) railways of the island.Шаблон:Cn
- In Australia, where the states of Victoria and South Australia have this gauge (as did Tasmania in the 19th century), it is also known as broad gauge.[5]Шаблон:Rp[6]
- In Brazil, the gauge is mainly known as broad gauge (Шаблон:Lang-pt), but occasionally as Irish gauge (Шаблон:Lang-pt).
Installations
| Country/territory | Railway |
|---|---|
| Australia | Шаблон:Main article
States of South Australia, Victoria (Victorian broad gauge), New South Wales (a few lines built by, and connected to, the Victorian rail system) and Tasmania, Australia (one line, Deloraine to Launceston, opened in 1871, partly converted to dual gauge, and then converted to Шаблон:RailGauge in 1888). The Шаблон:Convert long Melbourne–Adelaide rail corridor linking South Australia and Victoria, was converted to standard gauge in 1995. The Шаблон:Convert long Oaklands railway line, which runs into New South Wales from Victoria, was converted to standard gauge in 2009. Шаблон:Convert of the North East line, Victoria was converted to standard gauge in 2008–2011, meaning a double track standard gauge line was created between Seymour and Albury. The currentШаблон:When network is Шаблон:Convert, 10% of the total Australian rail network. The Mildura railway line and Murrayville railway lines were converted to standard gauge in 2018. |
| Brazil | Шаблон:Main article
Lines connecting the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais; E.F.Carajás in Pará and Maranhão states, and Ferronorte in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states. Used in older Metro systems. Although the metre gauge network is almost five times longer,[7] Irish gauge is considered the standard by ABNT.[8] The currentШаблон:When network is Шаблон:Convert, 15% of the total Brazilian network. |
| Germany | Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway 1840–1855[9] |
| Switzerland | Swiss Northern Railway between 1847 and 1854, converted to Шаблон:RailGauge.
Fun'Ambule Funicular in Neuchâtel, 330 m long, opened 27 April 2001. |
| Ireland | Шаблон:Main article
Irish broad gauge. The currentШаблон:When network is Шаблон:Convert.[10] |
| New Zealand | Canterbury Railways from 1863; all were routes converted to Шаблон:RailGauge by 1876. |
| United Kingdom | Шаблон:See also
Northern Ireland Railways – entire network, currentlyШаблон:When Шаблон:Convert. |
Similar gauges
The Pennsylvania trolley gauges of Шаблон:RailGauge and Шаблон:Track gauge are similar to this gauge, but incompatible. There is also a [[SEPTA subway–surface trolley lines|Шаблон:RailGauge]] gauge. See: Track gauge in Ireland.
Locomotives
Before the advent of diesel and electric traction, one of the advantages of the broader Шаблон:Track gauge Irish gauge compared to Шаблон:Track gauge was that more space between steam locomotive frames allows for a bigger firebox, enabling generation of more steam.
See also
References
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite Hansard
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Rail_transport_in_Brazil
- ↑ Newer Metro systems use Шаблон:RailGauge standard gauge.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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