Английская Википедия:5th Flak Division
Шаблон:Infobox military unit The 5th Flak Division (Шаблон:Lang-de) was a Flak division of the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during World War II.
History
Air Defense Command West
On 1 June 1938, the Air Defense Command West (Шаблон:Lang-de) was established in Frankfurt to coordinate anti-aircraft warfare measures along the Westwall (Allied parlance: "Siegfried Line"). When the air defense commands were numbered, Air Defense Command West received the number 5. It was designated to defend the Koblenz—Mannheim—Kassel area, then redeployed to Darmstadt and adjusted to defend the Frankfurt—Mannheim—Saarbrücken area.[1]Шаблон:Rp The initial head of the staff was Karl Kitzinger, who was succeeded by Job Odebrecht on 15 October 1939, by Wilhelm von Stubenrauch on 5 October 1940 and by Kurt Menzel on 5 May 1941.[2]
5th Flak Division
On 1 September 1941, the 5th Air Defense Command was designated "5th Flak Division".[1]Шаблон:Rp At this time, it contained the Flak Regiments 29 and 49, the Flak Searchlight Regiments 109 and 119, and the 5th Air Signal Battalion.[2] On 18 April 1942, Georg Neuffer took command of the division; he was replaced by Julius Kuderna on 13 November 1942. Kuderna remained in charge until September 1944, though he was briefly interrupted by a tenure by Adolf Wolf that started on 27 November 1942 and ended in early December.[2]
In December 1942, the division was sent to the Ploiești area in Romania, where the 10th Flak Division had previously served.[3]Шаблон:Rp A major United States Army Air Forces attack against Ploiești ("Operation Tidal Wave") took place on 1 August 1943.[3]Шаблон:Rp On 3 August 1943, senior German and Romanian leaders in Romania held a joint conference following the major air raid by the USAAF, which Kuderna attended.[3]Шаблон:Rp
After a brief stay on the Italian theater in 1943, the 5th Flak Division returned to Romania in 1944.[1]Шаблон:Rp
The 5th Flak Division was the primary anti-aircraft formation on the ground that opposed the USAAF air raid against Ploiești on 5 April 1944. It did so armed with 48 heavy flak batteries (mostly German-made, though with Romanian and Bulgarian support), over 40 medium and light flak batteries, and eight searchlight batteries.[4]Шаблон:Rp As of 15 August 1944, the 5th Flak Division was part of Luftflotte 4, along with 1st Air Corps and 15th Flak Division.[5]Шаблон:Rp
Following the 1944 Romanian coup d'état on 23 August 1944, desperate orders were given out around midnight by Adolf Hitler and the Wehrmacht high command to available German forces to crush the putschists.[5]Шаблон:Rp The German force, under the initial overall command of Alfred Gerstenberg, who happened to be besieged by Romanian troops and thus trapped inside the German embassy in Bucharest, along with Erik Hansen and German ambassador Romania Carl August Clodius, also included the 5th Flak Division.[6]Шаблон:Rp Due to Gerstenberg's state of siege, command over the German intervention force was passed instead to Horst Hoffmeyer of the Waffen-SS. Hoffmeyer soon sent out the vanguard of the 5th Flak Division from Ploiești.[5]Шаблон:Rp The division was assigned to crush the coup in Bucharest, an operation that started around 07:30 on 24 August and by 11:30 was reported by Gerstenberg to have run into stiff resistance, leading to German requests to urgently redeploy German infantry from the front to Bucharest.[6]Шаблон:Rp By 26 August, elements of the division were in combat at Ploiești against Romanian tanks and were eventually encircled.[6]Шаблон:Rp On 29 August, the 5th Flak Division reported the loss of Ploiești at 14:30. The attempts by the nearby Kampfgruppe Stahel formation under Rainer Stahel to reach the 5th Flak Division (in which case Stahel was to take command of all remaining troops, including 5th Flak Division) failed.[6]Шаблон:Rp
In late August 1944, the 5th Flak Division was annihilated in the Ploiești area.[1]Шаблон:Rp The remnants of the division surrendered to the Red Army on 31 August 1944, though some remnants managed to join the 15th Flak Division.[2] Both the divisional commander Julius Kuderna and his operational chief Hans-Joachim Schulz were captured.[5]Шаблон:Rp The division's surrender was not reported to its superior formation, which laconically noted the continued absence of reports from Kampfgruppe Stahel as well as 5th Flak Division for several days in early September 1944.[6]Шаблон:Rp
5th Flak Division (W)
A new 5th Flak Division, then under the title 5th Flak Division (W) (Шаблон:Lang-de), was recreated on 1 November 1944 in Meschede to coordinate V-1 flying bomb attacks on the Western Front.[1]Шаблон:Rp The divisional commander of this new V-1 staff was Walter Kathmann.[2] It contained the Flak Regiment 155 (W) and the Flak Regiment 255 (W). In the final days of the war, the 5th Flak Division was in the South Hamburg—Bad Segeberg area.[1]Шаблон:Rp The final commander was Max Wachtel, who had assumed command on 6 February 1945.[2]
References
Шаблон:Flak divisions of the Wehrmacht
- Английская Википедия
- Flak divisions
- Military units and formations established in 1938
- Military units and formations established in 1941
- Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
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- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
