Английская Википедия:63rd Academy Awards

The 63rd Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), took place on March 25, 1991, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, Academy Awards (commonly referred to as the Oscars) were presented in 22 categories. The ceremony, which was televised in the United States on ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis.^[1] Actor Billy Crystal hosted for the second consecutive year.^[2] Three weeks earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California on March 2, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Geena Davis.^[3]

Dances with Wolves won seven awards, including Best Picture.^[4] Other winners included Dick Tracy with three awards, Ghost with two awards, and American Dream, Creature Comforts, Cyrano de Bergerac, Days of Waiting, Goodfellas, The Hunt for Red October, Journey of Hope, The Lunch Date, Misery, Reversal of Fortune, and Total Recall with one. The telecast garnered nearly 43 million viewers in the United States.

Winners and nominees

The nominees for the 63rd Academy Awards were announced on February 13, 1991, at 5:38 a.m. PST (13:38 UTC) at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Karl Malden, president of the Academy, and actor Denzel Washington.^[5] Dances with Wolves led the nominations with twelve total; Dick Tracy and The Godfather Part III tied for second with seven each.^[6]^[7]

The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 25, 1991.^[8] Kevin Costner became the fifth person to earn the Best Director Award for his directorial debut and to earn nominations for Best Actor and Best Director for the same film.^[9]^[10] Best Supporting Actress winner Whoopi Goldberg was the second African American woman to win an award. Hattie McDaniel previously won in the same category for Gone With the Wind.^[11]^[12]

Awards

Шаблон:Multiple image

Winners^[13] are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double-dagger (Шаблон:Double dagger).

Шаблон:Award category Dances with Wolves – Jim Wilson and Kevin Costner, producersШаблон:Double dagger Awakenings – Walter Parkes and Lawrence Lasker, producers Ghost – Lisa Weinstein, producer The Godfather Part III – Francis Ford Coppola, producer Goodfellas – Irwin Winkler, producer	Шаблон:Award category Kevin Costner – Dances with WolvesШаблон:Double dagger Francis Ford Coppola – The Godfather Part III Martin Scorsese – Goodfellas Stephen Frears – The Grifters Barbet Schroeder – Reversal of Fortune
Шаблон:Award category *Jeremy Irons – Reversal of Fortune* as Claus von Bülow*Шаблон:Double dagger Kevin Costner – Dances with Wolves* as Lieutenant John J. Dunbar/Dances With Wolves Robert De Niro – Awakenings as Leonard Lowe Gérard Depardieu – Cyrano de Bergerac as Cyrano de Bergerac Richard Harris – The Field as "Bull" McCabe	Шаблон:Award category *Kathy Bates – Misery* as Annie Wilkes*Шаблон:Double dagger Anjelica Huston – The Grifters* as Lilly Dillon Julia Roberts – Pretty Woman as Vivian Ward Meryl Streep – Postcards from the Edge as Suzanne Vale Joanne Woodward – Mr. and Mrs. Bridge as India Bridge
Шаблон:Award category *Joe Pesci – Goodfellas* as Tommy DeVito*Шаблон:Double dagger Bruce Davison – Longtime Companion* as David Andy García – The Godfather Part III as Vincent Corleone Graham Greene – Dances with Wolves as Kicking Bird Al Pacino – Dick Tracy as Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice	Шаблон:Award category *Whoopi Goldberg – Ghost* as Oda Mae Brown*Шаблон:Double dagger Annette Bening – The Grifters* as Myra Langtry Lorraine Bracco – Goodfellas as Karen Friedman Hill Diane Ladd – Wild at Heart as Marietta Fortune Mary McDonnell – Dances with Wolves as Stands with a Fist/Christine Gunther
Шаблон:Award category Ghost – Bruce Joel RubinШаблон:Double dagger Alice – Woody Allen Avalon – Barry Levinson Green Card – Peter Weir Metropolitan – Whit Stillman	Шаблон:Award category Dances with Wolves – Michael Blake based on his novelШаблон:Double dagger Awakenings – Steven Zaillian from the book by Oliver Sacks Goodfellas – Nicholas Pileggi and Martin Scorsese from Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi The Grifters – Donald E. Westlake based on the book by Jim Thompson Reversal of Fortune – Nicholas Kazan based on the book by Alan M. Dershowitz
Шаблон:Award category Journey of Hope (Switzerland) in German – Xavier KollerШаблон:Double dagger Cyrano de Bergerac (France) in French – Jean-Paul Rappeneau Ju Dou (China) in Mandarin Chinese – Zhang Yimou and Yang Fengliang The Nasty Girl (Germany) in German – Michael Verhoeven Open Doors (Italy) in Italian – Gianni Amelio	Шаблон:Award category American Dream – Barbara Kopple and Arthur CohnШаблон:Double dagger Berkeley in the Sixties – Mark Kitchell Building Bombs – Mark Mori and Susan Robinson Forever Activists: Stories from the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade – Judith Montell Waldo Salt: A Screenwriter's Journey – Robert Hillmann and Eugene Corr
Шаблон:Award category Days of Waiting – Steven OkazakiШаблон:Double dagger Burning Down Tomorrow – Kit Thomas Chimps: So Like Us – Karen Goodman and Kirk Simon Journey into Life: The World of the Unborn – Derek Bromhall Rose Kennedy: A Life to Remember – Freida Lee Mock and Terry Sanders	Шаблон:Award category The Lunch Date – Adam DavidsonШаблон:Double dagger 12:01 PM – Hillary Ripps and Jonathan Heap Bronx Cheers – Raymond De Felitta and Matthew Gross Dear Rosie – Peter Cattaneo and Barnaby Thompson Senzeni Na? (What Have We Done?) – Bernard Joffa and Anthony E. Nicholas
Шаблон:Award category Creature Comforts – Nick ParkШаблон:Double dagger A Grand Day Out – Nick Park Grasshoppers (Cavallette) – Bruno Bozzetto	Шаблон:Award category Dances with Wolves – John BarryШаблон:Double dagger Avalon – Randy Newman Ghost – Maurice Jarre Havana – Dave Grusin Home Alone – John Williams
Шаблон:Award category *"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)" from Dick Tracy* – Music and Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim*Шаблон:Double dagger "Blaze of Glory" from Young Guns II* – Music and Lyrics by Jon Bon Jovi "I'm Checkin' Out" from Postcards from the Edge – Music and Lyrics by Shel Silverstein "Promise Me You'll Remember" from The Godfather Part III – Music by Carmine Coppola; Lyrics by John Bettis "Somewhere in My Memory" from Home Alone – Music by John Williams; Lyrics by Leslie Bricusse	Шаблон:Award category Dances with Wolves – Jeffrey Perkins, Bill W. Benton, Gregory H. Watkins, and Russell Williams IIШаблон:Double dagger Days of Thunder – Charles M. Wilborn, Donald O. Mitchell, Rick Kline, and Kevin O'Connell Dick Tracy – Thomas Causey, Chris Jenkins, David E. Campbell, and Doug Hemphill The Hunt for Red October – Richard Bryce Goodman, Richard Overton, Kevin F. Cleary, and Don Bassman Total Recall – Nelson Stoll, Michael J. Kohut, Carlos Delarios, and Aaron Rochin
Шаблон:Award category The Hunt for Red October – Cecelia Hall and George Watters IIШаблон:Double dagger Flatliners – Charles L. Campbell and Richard C. Franklin Total Recall – Stephen Hunter Flick	Шаблон:Award category Dick Tracy – Art Direction: Richard Sylbert; Set Decoration: Rick SimpsonШаблон:Double dagger Cyrano de Bergerac – Art Direction: Ezio Frigerio; Set Decoration: Jacques Rouxel Dances with Wolves – Art Direction: Jeffrey Beecroft; Set Decoration: Lisa Dean The Godfather Part III – Art Direction: Dean Tavoularis; Set Decoration: Gary Fettis Hamlet – Art Direction: Dante Ferretti; Set Decoration: Francesca Lo Schiavo
Шаблон:Award category Dick Tracy – John Caglione Jr. and Doug DrexlerШаблон:Double dagger Cyrano de Bergerac – Michèle Burke and Jean-Pierre Eychenne Edward Scissorhands – Ve Neill and Stan Winston	Шаблон:Award category Cyrano de Bergerac – Franca SquarciapinoШаблон:Double dagger Avalon – Gloria Gresham Dances with Wolves – Elsa Zamparelli Dick Tracy – Milena Canonero Hamlet – Maurizio Millenotti
Шаблон:Award category Dances with Wolves – Dean SemlerШаблон:Double dagger Avalon – Allen Daviau Dick Tracy – Vittorio Storaro The Godfather Part III – Gordon Willis Henry & June – Philippe Rousselot	Шаблон:Award category Dances with Wolves – Neil TravisШаблон:Double dagger Ghost – Walter Murch The Godfather Part III – Barry Malkin, Lisa Fruchtman, and Walter Murch Goodfellas – Thelma Schoonmaker The Hunt for Red October – Dennis Virkler and John Wright

Academy Honorary Awards
- Sophia Loren
  - "One of the genuine treasures of world cinema who, in a career rich with memorable performances, has added permanent luster to our art form."^[14]
- Myrna Loy
  - "In recognition of her extraordinary qualities both on screen and off, with appreciation for a lifetime's worth of indelible performances."^[14]
Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award
- David Brown and Richard D. Zanuck^[15]
Academy Special Achievement Award
- Eric Brevig, Rob Bottin, Tim McGovern, and Alex Funke for the visual effects of Total Recall^[16]

Multiple nominations and awards

Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2 The following 15 films had multiple nominations:

Nominations	Film
12	Dances with Wolves
7	Dick Tracy
7	The Godfather Part III
6	Goodfellas
5	Cyrano de Bergerac
5	Ghost
4	Avalon
4	The Grifters
3	Awakenings
	The Hunt for Red October
	Reversal of Fortune
	Total Recall
2	Hamlet
	Home Alone
	Postcards from the Edge

Шаблон:Col-2-of-2 The following three films received multiple awards.

Awards	Film
7	Dances with Wolves
3	Dick Tracy
2	Ghost

Шаблон:Col-end

Presenters and performers

The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.^[17]^[18]

Presenters

Name(s)	Role
Шаблон:Sortname	Announcer for the 63rd annual Academy Awards
Шаблон:Sortname (AMPAS President)	Gave opening remarks welcoming guests to the awards ceremony
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the opening number
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Sound
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the film Ghost on the Best Picture segment
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Makeup
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor
Шаблон:Sortname Martin Short	Presenters of the awards for Best Live Action Short Film
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Animated Short Film
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the Honorary Academy Award to Myrna Loy
Шаблон:Sortname	Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Somewhere in My Memory"
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Costume Design
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the film Goodfellas on the Best Picture segment
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Visual Effects
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Awards to David Brown and Richard D. Zanuck
Шаблон:Sortname Kim Basinger	Introducers of the special dance number to the tune of the Best Original Score nominees and presenters of the award for Best Original Score
Шаблон:Sortname Kevin Kline	Presenters of the award for Best Film Editing
Шаблон:Sortname Susan Sarandon	Presenters of the award for Best Art Direction
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the "My First Movie" montage
Шаблон:Sortname Ron Silver	Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Documentary Feature
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the film Dances with Wolves on the Best Picture segment
Шаблон:Sortname Whoopi Goldberg	Presenters of the awards for Best Sound Effects Editing
Шаблон:Sortname	Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Blaze of Glory"
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Cinematography
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film
Шаблон:Sortname Anthony Hopkins	Presenters of the awards for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen and Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the film Awakenings on the Best Picture segment
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the Honorary Academy Award to Sophia Loren
Ann-Margret Gregory Hines	Presenters of the award for Best Original Song
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Actress
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Actor
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the film The Godfather Part III on the Best Picture segment
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Director
Шаблон:Sortname	Presenter of the award for Best Picture

Performers

Name(s)	Role	Performed
Шаблон:Sortname	Musical arranger and conductor	Orchestral
Шаблон:Sortname Steve LaChance	Performers	Opening number
Шаблон:Sortname	Performer	Opening number: Goodfellas (to the tune of "Goody Goody"), Dances With Wolves (to the tune of "Dancing in the Dark" from The Band Wagon), Ghost (to the tune of "L-O-V-E"), The Godfather Part III (to the tune of "Speak Softly Love" from The Godfather) and Awakenings (to the tune of "All the Way")^[19]
Шаблон:Sortname	Performer	"Sooner or Later" from Dick Tracy
Шаблон:Sortname	Performers	"Somewhere in My Memory" from Home Alone
Шаблон:Sortname	Performer	"I'm Checkin' Out" from Postcards from the Edge
Шаблон:Sortname	Performers	"Blaze of Glory" from Young Guns II
Шаблон:Sortname	Performer	"Promise Me You'll Remember (Love Theme from The Godfather Part III)" from The Godfather Part III

Ceremony information

Photo of Billy Crystal in 2018

Billy Crystal hosted the ceremony.

Riding on the critical praise from last year's ceremony, the Academy rehired former film producer and former Directors Guild of America president Gilbert Cates to oversee production of the Oscar ceremony for the second straight time.^[20] Two months before the awards gala, Cates selected actor and comedian Billy Crystal to host the show for the second consecutive year.^[21] In a statement released by AMPAS, Crystal joked, "It's a great honor, and I hope to bring the show in under nine hours."^[21]

As with the last year's theme of "Around the World in 3 1/2 Hours," Cates centered the show around a theme. He christened the ceremony with the theme "100 Years of Film" in celebration to the centennial of the development of both the kinetoscope by Thomas Edison and celluloid film by Eastman Kodak.^[22] In tandem with the theme, the show featured an ambitious opening segment. Actor Michael Caine introduced the segment live via satellite from the Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris, where the short film L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat made its debut in 1895.^[23] After a brief clip of the film, the show cut back to the Shrine Auditorium stage where actress Jasmine Guy and other dancers performed whilst a montage of film clips were projected in the background.^[24] Filmmaker Chuck Workman filmed a vignettes featuring actors such as Sally Field, Andy García, and Anjelica Huston discussing the first movie the actors watched.^[25]

Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony. Film composer and musician Bill Conti served as musical director for the ceremony.^[26] Dancer Debbie Allen choreographed a dancer number showcasing the Best Original Score nominees.^[27] Despite losing eight members of her band in a plane crash, a visibly emotional Reba McEntire performed the Best Original Song nominee "I'm Checkin' Out" from the film Postcards from the Edge.^[28] At the beginning of the ceremony, wrangler Lisa Brown escorted host Crystal, and Beechnut, a horse that was prominently featured in the upcoming film City Slickers.^[29]

This ceremony was the last year in which there were no official nominees for Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. Back to the Future Part III, Dick Tracy, Ghost and Total Recall advanced to a second stage of voting, but only Total Recall received a requisite average and it was given a special achievement Oscar.^[30]

Box office performance of nominees

At the time of the nominations announcement on February 12, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees at the US box office was $458.2 million with an average of $41 million per film.^[31] Ghost was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $213.5 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by Dances with Wolves ($104.3 million), The Godfather Part III ($62.5 million), Goodfellas ($41 million), and finally Awakenings ($36.7 million).^[31]

Of the top 50 highest-grossing films of the year, 51 nominations went to 12 films on the list. Only Ghost (2nd), Pretty Woman (3rd), Dances with Wolves (8th), Dick Tracy (9th), The Godfather Part III (17th), Goodfellas (30th), and Awakenings (34th) were nominated for Best Picture, directing, acting or screenwriting. The other top 50 box office hits that earned the nominations were Home Alone (1st), The Hunt for Red October (5th), Total Recall (6th), Days of Thunder (12th), and Edward Scissorhands (22nd).^[32]

Critical reviews

The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets were more critical of the show. Rick DuBrow of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "It was a long day's journey into night for Oscar, one of the most effective sleeping pills of the year." He also added that while host Crystal started out strong, his jokes fell flat as the night progressed.^[33] The Washington Post television critic Tom Shales noted that Crystal, "followed many gags by instantly rating the reaction of the audience, as if it were up to them to please him instead of the other way around." In addition, he commented, "The Oscars seemed more of a fizzle than usual this year."^[34] Columnist Dan Craft of The Pantagraph remarked, "The Oscar show has become innocuously hip and yuppified. Kitsch and nostalgia have given way to efficiency and upward mobility. Everyone is tiresomely well-behaved and, worse, well-dressed." He also commented that host Crystal's insider showbiz jokes fell flat and were confusing to television audiences.^[35]

Other media outlets received the broadcast more positively. Columnist Harold Schindler of The Salt Lake Tribune wrote, "Billy Crystal kept things moving Monday night in such a manner that the extra quarter-hour was scarcely noticeable." He also said of the telecast's theme of film history, "The Academy used its film library to excellent advantage."^[36] Film critic Leonard Maltin remarked, "Emotions ran high and they gave us all a chance to feel vicariously what it might be like to win this kind of award...good guys finishing first and the part of Hollywood we like best, a happy ending."^[24] Orlando Sentinel film critic Jay Boyar complimented Crystal for invigorating the gala noting that his "clever remarks at the academy's 63rd annual awards presentation struck an entertaining balance between inside-Hollywood quips and general-audience jests."^[37]

Ratings and reception

The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 42.7 million people over its length, which was a 6% increase from the previous year's ceremony.^[38] An estimated 76 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards.^[39] The show also drew higher Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 28.4% of households watching over a 48 share.^[40] It was the most watched Oscars telecast since the 56th ceremony held in 1984.^[41]

In July 1991, the ceremony presentation received nine nominations at the 43rd Primetime Emmys.^[42] The following month, the ceremony won three of those nominations for Outstanding Variety, Music, or Comedy Program (Gil Cates), Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program (Billy Crystal), and Outstanding Writing for a Variety or Music Program (Hal Kanter, Buz Kohan, Billy Crystal, David Steinberg, Bruce Vilanch, and Robert Wuhl).^[43]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Official websites

Analysis

Other resources

Шаблон:IMDb title

Шаблон:Academy Awards Chron Шаблон:EmmyAward VarietyMusicComedy 1976-2000 Шаблон:Universal Animation Studios

Шаблон:Featured list

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Английская Википедия:63rd Academy Awards

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