Английская Википедия:APC series

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Файл:NEC-APC-logo.svg
Logo of NEC APC (Advanced Personal Computer) series

The APC (Advanced Personal Computer) was a series of business microcomputers released outside of Japan by the NEC Corporation.[1] The series comprised the APC, the APC II and APC III, international versions of models from the Japanese NEC N5200 series.[2]

The 8086-based N5200, released in 1981, was the first computer to use the NEC µPD7220 High-Performance Graphics Display Controller.[3]

The better-known PC-9800 series, released a year later by the different division, had a similar architecture to the original N5200 and used many of the same components. The most significant differences between the two were that the PC-9801 had slightly lower vertical screen resolution, graphics were standard instead of optional (still using a second µPD7220) and it used 5.25" floppy drives instead of 8".

The APC IV, despite sharing the series name, was an ordinary IBM PC/AT compatible and not compatible with the earlier APC models.

N5200

Файл:NEC APC CP M and DOS machine. Ran DOS 2.2 off 8" floppies. (8021910227).jpg
The NEC APC, the first of the series

The N5200 is a series of personal computers released in 1981. The APC is a version of the N5200 that was sold outside Japan.[4]

Although its computer architecture is very similar to the PC-98, it was developed and marketed in a different way. At that time, NEC was a vertical integrated company as seen in other big Japanese companies, and intended to open new business. The management allowed a few divisions to start a new computer business, so each divisions developed own computer systems for different markets. The N5200 was marketed as a personal computer which could be used as both a standalone computer and a computer terminal for ACOS mainframe platforms. It was developed by the Terminal Units Division who developed computer terminals for mainframes, but the PC-98 was developed by the Small Systems Division who developed standalone enterprise systems. The position of the N5200 is similar to IBM 3270 PC, but there is significant difference that the N5200 didn't offer the PC-98 compatibility instead it had own software library.

As of 1982, both CP/M-86 and MS-DOS lacked task switching and an ISAM support, so NEC developed a proprietary operating system for the N5200, called PTOS.[5] PTOS was ported to the PC-98 in the early 1990s, and the N5200 computer line was absorbed.

APC

Шаблон:Infobox information appliance

The first APC was released in 1982[6] at Шаблон:US$ for a single-floppy monochrome system or Шаблон:US$ for a dual-floppy color system.[7][8][9] It used a 16-bit NEC μPD 8086 CPU with 128K of RAM (expandable to 256K), 8K of ROM, and 4K of battery-backed CMOS RAM, a clock/calendar chip, parallel printer and RS-232 serial interfaces, and one or two built-in 8" floppy diskette drives[10] supporting both single-sided single-density (243 KB) and double-sided double-density (1 MB) formats. (An external 10 MB hard disk drive was also available.[11][12]) The detachable keyboard had 86 keys (including the numeric keypad) and an additional 22 function keys.[13]

Display

A built-in 12" monochrome or 8-colour display was driven by an NEC µPD7220 display controller generating an 80 column by 25 line character display. (An additional line at the top of the screen displayed status information.) Each character was displayed in an 8×19 dot cell (giving 640×475 screen resolution) and could be one of 250 predefined 7×11 glyphs from ROM or 256 user-defined 8×16 glyphs from RAM. Each character cell also had an attribute byte indicating the colour (or, for monochrome screens, whether it was highlighted or not) and any mix of reverse video, blinking, over-bar, under-bar and blanked (not displayed).[13]

The optional graphics board[14] adds a second µPD7220 graphics controller with up to 512K memory displaying 640×494 graphics that overlay the text screen output. (This is higher than the resolution of the user-addressable text screen because graphics can overlay the status line as well.) The graphics controller allows panning the screen over the display memory, zooming, independent scrolling of different screen areas and other graphics functions. A light pen can be used for input.[8]

Software

Operating systems included CP/M-86 and MS-DOS.[7][15][16]

APC III

Шаблон:Infobox information appliance

The APC III[17] (Advanced Personal Computer) was released by NEC in 1984.[18][19] An update on the NEC APC II, which replaced the original NEC APC, all the NEC APC models utilized the Intel 8086 processor, unlike the IBM PC and clones.

The unit was physically smaller than an IBM-PC. The compact case included two 5Шаблон:Fraction" half-height disks (two floppies or one floppy and one hard disk), and space for standard options (hard disk controller, additional video memory). Special options (including additional system memory) required using expansion slots, of which four were available.

C-bus expansion cards (PCBs) could be inserted without removal of the exterior case, as was required for the IBM PC.Шаблон:Citation needed

The entire computer could be disassembled to functional blocks (e.g.: expansion card cage, power supply, disk drive cage) with removal of a few easy access screws. Other components didn't even need a screwdriver, except for the outer case, by using robust plastic clips. The disk cage could be further disassembled if required. Шаблон:Citation needed

As with the IBM PC, the maximum usable memory was 640 KB (the address range of the Intel 8088 and 8086 is 1 MB). The APC came with 128 KB standard.

Specification

Feature APC-III IBM-PC
Speed 8 MHz 4.77 MHz
Resolution 640×400 640×200
Storage (floppy) 720 KB (80 track, DD) 320 KB (40 track, DD)

Hardware

Interfaces

RS-232 serial, 'Centronics' parallel and video interfaces were built onto the motherboard, whereas expansion cards were required for almost every function of an IBM PC except for the CPU, BIOS and built-in RAM. Шаблон:Citation needed

Display

Maximum display capabilities were a text mode of 80×25 characters (with four planes) and/or graphics at 640×400 pixels (with two planes).[20] Either text, graphics, or graphics with text overlay were software selectable. The base one bit-per-pixelШаблон:Citation needed was easily upgradeable to three bits per pixel (taking the graphics mode from monochrome to either eight colours or eight shades of grey). The computer was capable of running monochrome (or grey) through an NTSC TV monitor, although this was not recommended (text reduced to 40×20, graphics to 640×200). Monochrome (usually green) or color screens were usually included in the price. The APC III's 'on-board' video controller meant that upgrades (other than internally mounted video memory) could not be achieved, and the display was stuck at 640×400×3.

The NEC APC series supported a proprietary NEC APC character set and user-definable fonts in text mode.Шаблон:Citation needed

Expansion bus

The expansion bus supported 16-bit-wide data and 20-bit-wide address capability. By comparison, the original IBM supported an 8-bit data bus with 20-bit address, which was later revised to 16 data bits and 24 address bits in the PC AT.

The motherboard was designed to allow easy addition of an 8087 math co-processor.Шаблон:Citation needed

Disk drives

Most Australian units were shipped with 720 KB floppy disk drives (80 track, double density), although specifications imply the drives were only 360 KB[21] (40 track, DD). 360 KB disks were readable and writeable by 'double-stepping' the 720 KB drives.

Users could also purchase a hard disk expansion option. This was initially limited to the 10 MB ST-506 hard disks. This capacity could be increased to 20 MB (but no higher) after upgrading to MS-DOS 3.1.[22]

The hard disk controller was only configured to operate a single internal hard disk. An external hard disk expansion port was available, so you could have two floppies and an external hard drive, or one floppy with an internal hard drive.

Operating systems

Shipped standard with MS-DOS 2.11,[23] other operating systems were available, such as the Unix derivative, PC-UX. Later, MS DOS 3.1 was released for the APC.Шаблон:Citation needed

Compatibility

The APC III was not fully compatible with the IBM-PC, either on a hardware level (although some parts were compatible), or a software level (although again, some software was compatible).

Later on NEC released the SLE card, or 'Software Library Expander', that was essentially an IBM PC on an expansion board, although graphics was limited to CGA only, quite a step down from the native graphics.

The earlier penetration of the market saw PC clones adopt the IBM PC architecture. In the export markets, NEC fell into line with the 16-bit IBM-AT architecture and did not pursue the APC-III architecture any further.

APC IV

Шаблон:Infobox information appliance

The APC IV, released in 1986, was an IBM PC/AT clone that was not designed to be compatible with previous APC models.[24][25]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

  • "NEC APC-III Owner's Guide", NEC Corporation August 1994.

External links

Шаблон:NEC computers

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  7. 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite journal (NB. The article contains an obvious transmission error, the company's name is NEC Information Systems, Inc., not Necis.)
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  20. "APC-III System Reference Guide, Section 4 (Display Controllers)", NEC Information Systems March 1985
  21. "APC-III System Reference Guide, Section 1 (Hardware Overview)", NEC Information Systems March 1985
  22. "APC-III System Reference Guide, Section 2 (System Board) Figure 2.21 (hand-written notes)", NEC Information Systems March 1985
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