Английская Википедия:ARPABET

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:IPA notice ARPABET (also spelled ARPAbet) is a set of phonetic transcription codes developed by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) as a part of their Speech Understanding Research project in the 1970s. It represents phonemes and allophones of General American English with distinct sequences of ASCII characters. Two systems, one representing each segment with one character (alternating upper- and lower-case letters) and the other with one or two (case-insensitive), were devised, the latter being far more widely adopted.

ARPABET has been used in several speech synthesizers, including Computalker for the S-100 system, SAM for the Commodore 64, SAY for the Amiga, TextAssist for the PC and Speakeasy from Intelligent Artefacts which used the Votrax SC-01 speech synthesiser IC. It is also used in the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary. A revised version of ARPABET is used in the TIMIT corpus.

Symbols

Stress is indicated by a digit immediately following a vowel. Auxiliary symbols are identical in 1- and 2-letter codes. In 2-letter notation, segments are separated by a space.

Vowels

ARPABET		IPA	Example(s)
1-letter	2-letter
a	AA	Шаблон:IPA link~Шаблон:IPA link	balm, bot (with father–bother merger)
@	AE	Шаблон:IPA link	bat
A	AH	Шаблон:IPA link	butt
c	AO	Шаблон:IPA link	caught, story
W	AW	Шаблон:IPA	bout
x	AX	Шаблон:IPA link	comma
Шаблон:N/a	AXR	Шаблон:IPA link	letter, forward
Y	AY	Шаблон:IPA	bite
E	EH	Шаблон:IPA link	bet
R	ER	Шаблон:IPA link	bird, foreword
e	EY	Шаблон:IPA	bait
I	IH	Шаблон:IPA link	bit
X	IX	Шаблон:IPA link	roses, rabbit
i	IY	Шаблон:IPA link	beat
o	OW	Шаблон:IPA	boat
O	OY	Шаблон:IPA	boy
U	UH	Шаблон:IPA link	book
u	UW	Шаблон:IPA link	boot
Шаблон:N/a	UX	Шаблон:IPA link	dude

Consonants

ARPABET		IPA	Example
1-letter	2-letter
b	B	Шаблон:IPA link	buy
C	CH	Шаблон:IPA link	China
d	D	Шаблон:IPA link	die
D	DH	Шаблон:IPA link	thy
F	DX	Шаблон:IPA link	butter
L	EL	Шаблон:IPA link	bottle
M	EM	Шаблон:IPA link	rhythm
N	EN	Шаблон:IPA link	button
f	F	Шаблон:IPA link	fight
g	G	Шаблон:IPA link	guy
h	HH or H	Шаблон:IPA link	high
J	JH	Шаблон:IPA link	jive
k	K	Шаблон:IPA link	kite
l	L	Шаблон:IPA link	lie
m	M	Шаблон:IPA link	my
n	N	Шаблон:IPA link	nigh
G	NX or NG	Шаблон:IPA link	sing
Шаблон:N/a	NX	Шаблон:IPA link	winner
p	P	Шаблон:IPA link	pie
Q	Q	Шаблон:IPA link	uh-oh
r	R	Шаблон:IPA link	rye
s	S	Шаблон:IPA link	sigh
S	SH	Шаблон:IPA link	shy
t	T	Шаблон:IPA link	tie
T	TH	Шаблон:IPA link	thigh
v	V	Шаблон:IPA link	vie
w	W	Шаблон:IPA link	wise
H	WH	Шаблон:IPA link	why (without wine–whine merger)
y	Y	Шаблон:IPA link	yacht
z	Z	Шаблон:IPA link	zoo
Z	ZH	Шаблон:IPA link	pleasure

Stress and auxiliary symbols

AB	Description
0	No stress
1	Primary stress
2	Secondary stress
3...	Tertiary and further stress
-	Silence
!	Non-speech segment
+	Morpheme boundary
/	Word boundary
#	Utterance boundary
:	Tone group boundary
:1 or .	Falling or declining juncture
:2 or ?	Rising or internal juncture
:3 or .	Fall-rise or non-terminal juncture

TIMIT

In TIMIT, the following symbols are used in addition to the ones listed above:

Symbol	IPA	Example	Description
AX-H	Шаблон:IPA	suspect	Devoiced Шаблон:IPA
BCL	Шаблон:IPA	obtain	Шаблон:IPA closure
DCL	Шаблон:IPA	width	Шаблон:IPA closure
ENG	Шаблон:IPA	Washington	Syllabic Шаблон:IPA
GCL	Шаблон:IPA	dogtooth	Шаблон:IPA closure
HV	Шаблон:IPA link	ahead	Voiced Шаблон:IPA
KCL	Шаблон:IPA	doctor	Шаблон:IPA closure
PCL	Шаблон:IPA	accept	Шаблон:IPA closure
TCL	Шаблон:IPA	catnip	Шаблон:IPA closure
PAU	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:N/a	Pause
EPI	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:N/a	Epenthetic silence
H#	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:N/a	Begin/end marker

See also

• Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet
• SAMPA, language-specific
• X-SAMPA, encoding the whole International Phonetic Alphabet
• Pronunciation respelling for English

External links

• The CMU Pronouncing Dictionary