Английская Википедия:A (musical note)
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A or La is the sixth note and the tenth semitone of the fixed-do solfège.
Its enharmonic equivalents are BШаблон:MusicШаблон:Music (B double flat) which is a diatonic semitone above AШаблон:Music and GШаблон:Music (G double sharp) which is a diatonic semitone below AШаблон:Music.
"A" is generally used as a standard for tuning. When the orchestra tunes, the oboe plays an "A" and the rest of the instruments tune to match that pitch. Every string instrument in the orchestra has an A string, from which each player can tune the rest of their instrument.
"A" is also used in combination with a number (e.g. A-440) to label the pitch standard. The number designates the frequency in hertz. A lower number indicates a lower pitch.
The International Standards Organization (ISO) has standardized the pitch at A-440.[1] However, tuning has varied over time, geographical region, or instrument maker. In 17th-century Europe, tunings ranged from about A-374 to A-403, approximately two to three semitones below A-440. Historical examples exist of instruments, tuning forks, or standards ranging from A-309 to A-455.3,Шаблон:Citation needed a difference of almost six semitones. Although the official standard today is A-440, some orchestral groups and chamber groups prefer to tune a little higher, at A-442 or even A-444. Baroque pitch is usually cited as A-415, which is a semitone lower than modern pitch.
A0 is the lowest note on the standard piano. The octaves follow A1, A2, etc. A7 is a few pitches lower than C8, the highest note on the standard piano. The note "A" is not considered to be a certain milestone or mark to hit with voice as, for example, Tenor C is, but it can be extremely demanding in certain octaves.
Designation by octave
| Scientific designation |
Helmholtz designation |
Octave name |
Frequency (Hz) |
Sound sample |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A−1 | A͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵A or AAAA | Subsubcontra | 13.75 | |
| A0 | A͵͵ or ͵͵A or AAA | Subcontra | 27.5 | |
| A1 | A͵ or ͵A or AA | Contra | 55 | 55 Sine wave |
| A2 | A | Great | 110 | 110 Sine wave |
| A3 | a | Small | 220 | 220 Sine wave |
| A4 | aШаблон:Prime | One-lined | 440 | 440 Sine wave |
| A5 | aШаблон:PrimeШаблон:Prime | Two-lined | 880 | 880 Sine wave |
| A6 | aШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:Prime | Three-lined | 1760 | 1760 Sine wave |
| A7 | aШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:Prime | Four-lined | 3520 | |
| A8 | aШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:Prime | Five-lined | 7040 | |
| A9 | aШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:Prime | Six-lined | 14080 | |
| A10 | aШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:PrimeШаблон:Prime | Seven-lined | 28160 |
Scales
Common scales beginning on A
- A major: A B CШаблон:Music D E FШаблон:Music GШаблон:Music A
- A natural minor: A B C D E F G A
- A harmonic minor: A B C D E F GШаблон:Music A
- A melodic minor ascending: A B C D E FШаблон:Music GШаблон:Music A
- A melodic minor descending: A G F E D C B A
Diatonic scales
- A Ionian: A B CШаблон:Music D E FШаблон:Music GШаблон:Music A
- A Dorian: A B C D E FШаблон:Music G A
- A Phrygian: A BШаблон:Music C D E F G A
- A Lydian: A B CШаблон:Music DШаблон:Music E FШаблон:Music GШаблон:Music A
- A Mixolydian: A B CШаблон:Music D E FШаблон:Music G A
- A Aeolian: A B C D E F G A
- A Locrian: A BШаблон:Music C D EШаблон:Music F G A
Jazz melodic minor
- A Ascending melodic minor: A B C D E FШаблон:Music GШаблон:Music A
- A Dorian ♭2: A BШаблон:Music C D E FШаблон:Music G A
- A Lydian augmented: A B CШаблон:Music DШаблон:Music EШаблон:Music FШаблон:Music GШаблон:Music A
- A Lydian dominant: A B CШаблон:Music DШаблон:Music E FШаблон:Music G A
- A Mixolydian ♭6: A B CШаблон:Music D E F G A
- A Locrian ♮2: A B C D EШаблон:Music F G A
- A Altered: A BШаблон:Music C DШаблон:Music EШаблон:Music F G A
See also
References
External links
- Standard Pitch or Concert Pitch for Pianos by Barrie Heaton
- Virginia Tech Music Dictionary: A Шаблон:Webarchive
