Английская Википедия:Aajonus Vonderplanitz

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Aajonus Vonderplanitz (April 17, 1947 – August 28, 2013) was an American alternative nutritionist and food-rights activist who focused on raw foods, particularly meat and dairy.[1][2] He was a controversial figure who conducted legal battles, implemented legal loopholes for consumer access to raw milk,[3] and developed a diet based largely on raw meat: the primal diet.[4][5][6][7] His later years, marked by his allegations of conspiracies and by his infighting within the raw food community, drew him notoriety even among advocates of alternative healthcare and food rights.

He claimed that he was diagnosed with terminal cancer in his early life, but experienced remission via raw carrot juice and raw dairy by age 21.Шаблон:Citation needed He later began informal nutritional counseling. By age 25, he had adopted a raw plant based diet; at age 29, he added raw meat, which he claimed to vastly improve healing. After 1997, when his first book, We Want to Live, was published, he became a leading alternative nutritionist.[8] He made miraculous claims of his clients' routinely curing their diseases, but did not publish any case documentation.[5][9] His protocols are untested by medical scientists[5] and remain controversial.[2]

Vonderplanitz founded the nonprofit organization Right to Choose Healthy Foods (RTCHF).Шаблон:Efn In 2001, his effort led to the end of Los Angeles County's ban on the retail sale of raw milk.[10]Шаблон:Sfn To circumvent laws banning sale of unpasteurized dairy elsewhere, he invented "animal leasing",Шаблон:Efn where a dairy farm is leased to a private food club, which elects to omit pasteurization. Vonderplanitz's legal defenses of RTCHF's farmers and club managers were mostly successful.[11] By 2010, food clubs under RTCHF numbered about 80 across the United States, including a few with over 1000 members.Шаблон:Sfn

In 2010, Vonderplanitz accused a non-RTCHF farmer of misrepresenting food source and quality when supplying certain foods to RTCHF's preeminent food club Rawesome, which had been attracting celebrity membership, in Venice, Los Angeles.[12]Шаблон:Sfn Waging negative publicity and a lawsuit against the farmer and Rawesome's owner, Vonderplanitz fostered the club's debacle while the government prosecuted the farmer and Rawesome's owner for distributing raw dairy.[13] In 2013, at his farmhouse in rural Thailand, he fell through a faulty balcony rail and died a few days later.

Biography

Early life

Vonderplanitz was born John Richard SwigartШаблон:Sfn in Denver, Colorado. He spent most of his childhood and adolescence in the Cincinnati suburb of Finneytown, Ohio.Шаблон:Sfn He described himself as a misunderstood and abused sickly child.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn[14] His older brother, allegedly resentful at the loss of maternal attention, "tortured [him] nearly daily".Шаблон:Efn According to himself, being "dyslexic" and "borderline autistic", conditions "which no one understood at the time", Vonderplanitz "rarely played with other children", and "embarrassed and frustrated [his] parents", fueling paternal "discipline" that led to several hospitalizations.[14]Шаблон:Efn

Around his 10th birthday, Swigart claimed his alleged peritonitis was misdiagnosed as appendicitis,Шаблон:Efn and his appendix was removed.Шаблон:Efn He also stated that his bones were brittle, that he "regularly" broke limb bones, and that at age 15 he was diagnosed with "juvenile diabetes".Шаблон:Efn Swigart first received family and community support, he recalled, when he found his first girlfriend in his junior year at Finneytown High School, whom he married two years later and had a child with.Шаблон:Sfn Once he graduated, the new family moved elsewhere near Cincinnati.Шаблон:Citation needed

While renting a small apartment at a business intersection, Swigart's wife worked as a utility-company secretary, and he as a short-order cook while attending the Cincinnati Institute of Computer Technology.Шаблон:Sfn[15] Their marriage was strained by their son's severe colic, her postpartum mood problems, his mood problems, and his extramarital affair with a female instructor at his trade school.Шаблон:Sfn They divorced when he was 19 and he moved to Los Angeles to work in computer programming.Шаблон:Sfn

Adulthood

Swigart developed a stomach ulcer, and the surgical treatment caused a keloidal scar that was treated by radiation therapy, which caused multiple myeloma.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn According to himself, once chemotherapy caused further illnesses, including psoriasis, bursitis, and severe periodontitis, he discontinued treatment of his terminal cancer, but a hospice worker, paying him volunteer home visits, gave him a small book on cancer treatment by raw carrot juice;Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn within 10 days, the regimen ended his alleged dyslexia, and soon put his cancer in remission.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

At age 22, Swigart began to promote himself as a nutritionist. About a year later, he met a toddler who called him Aajonus.Шаблон:Sfn Because he disliked his name,Шаблон:Sfn he accepted the new one and later took his European ancestors' last name, Vonderplanitz.Шаблон:Sfn He mostly attributed his health gains over the next two years to raw juices and raw dairy.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn By age 25, Vonderplanitz adopted a raw plant based diet.Шаблон:Efn Two years later, he travelled by bicycle in search for answers to nutrition while "liv[ing] off the earth" across North America and into Latin America.Шаблон:Efn Nearly three years later, he returned to Los Angeles with a proposed solution: eating raw meat.[5]Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn

Vonderplanitz claimed a diverse résumé, as by the time he was 40, he still had marginal income as a nutritionist.Шаблон:Sfn He recalled ethically refusing $7.5 million to be made, in 1971, the Winston Man for seven years,Шаблон:Efn and, in the 1980s, while earning money painting murals and such inside homes, and acting on the soap opera General Hospital.Шаблон:Sfn He claimed to have created a brief diet for a client demanding quick weight loss, but who allegedly published it for profit as the Beverly Hills Diet.Шаблон:Efn After overturning a traffic ticket at age 22, he sought to develop legal expertise by private study.Шаблон:Sfn After 2000, he wrote business contracts and legal responses for farmers.Шаблон:Sfn In his last years, he owned a farm in the Philippines and another in a remote area of Thailand, near its northern border with Laos.[16]

Nutritional career

Vonderplanitz claimed to have been tutored by a Southern California nutritionist named Bruno Corigliano, after which he travelled by bicycle across North America and into Latin America in his late 20s while studying biology and medical textbooks, Native American indigenous healthcare, and wildlife habits.Шаблон:Sfn[17] He claimed to have discovered raw meat's putative healing capacity when fasting in the wilderness, where a pack of coyotes killed, tore open, and offered him a jackrabbit, then watched him until he ate it.[5]Шаблон:Sfn

In his early 20s, among the outdoor purveyors at Venice Beach, he set up a table with the banner NUTRITIONIST, and began counseling in a raw-food niche.Шаблон:Sfn In hindsight, he claimed that his advice had often been ineffective, and sometimes even harmful until he included raw meat.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn Around age 30, he became a staff nutritionist, advising customers, at a health food store, Aunt Tilly's Too.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn Although not in his 1997 book, he used the title PhD, specifying nutritional science, in a 2001 research report on milk, cowritten with William Campbell Douglass II MD and thereafter. In 2009, he was reported to lack accredited scientific or medical training.[5]

In September 1986, Vonderplanitz returned to Cincinnati, Ohio, after living in a Beverly Hills "slum" while freelancing in nutrition.Шаблон:Sfn His son, estranged for about 20 years, had been in a severe car wreck, and drove straight into a tree without a seatbelt.Шаблон:Sfn Vonderplanitz claimed to have sabotaged his son's conventional medical treatment in Mercy Hospital's intensive care unit, and used raw foods to awaken and save his comatose son from imminent death, and to reverse his paralysis and brain damage.[5]Шаблон:Sfn

Upon the 1997 release of Vonderplanitz's first book, We Want To Live, Robert Atkins interviewed him on Atkins's nationally syndicated radio show. Vonderplanitz claimed his own protocol had cured over 200 clients of cancer.[9] In 2000, Vonderplanitz trademarked the name Primal Diet.[18] Unlike later diets called "primal",Шаблон:Efn Vonderplanitz's Primal Diet principally includes raw meat, raw eggs, raw dairy, raw fats, and unheated honey.[19] In 2002, his other book, the Recipe for Living Without Disease, was published. Around 2010, he claimed a higher-than-90 percent rate of cancer remission among his clients who followed it.[5] Despite mainstream dismissal,[2] his Primal Diet gained a sizable underground following.[4][5][7]

Food activism

Although Vonderplanitz dated it to the 1970s,[3][20] his food-rights campaign more clearly began closer to 2000.Шаблон:Efn In 2011, Vonderplanitz and an ally, James Stewart, were the raw-milk movement's de facto leaders.Шаблон:Sfn

California

In 1997 or 1998, Venice, Los Angeles, resident James Stewart, in poor health, discovered Vonderplanitz's Primal Diet.[6]Шаблон:Sfn By 2000, Stewart was a southern California distributor of raw milk for Claravale Farm, which had only eight cows, but was the state's only farm still licensed to supply unpasteurized milk to retail stores.Шаблон:Sfn While Claravale Farm added cows for Stewart's distribution reaching 30 stores in four counties—Orange, Ventura, San Diego, and Los Angeles—one county, Los Angeles, was the only one in the state where the retail sale of raw milk was illegal.Шаблон:Sfn By 2001, county regulators were pulling Stewart's milk from stores.[6]Шаблон:Sfn

In 2001, Vonderplanitz drew Stewart to help demonstrations and protests, although initial turnout was minuscule.Шаблон:Sfn Later in 2001, Vonderplanitz's report on raw milk cowritten with William Campbell Douglass II[21] and accompanying threat of legal action, persuaded the county's board of supervisors to end the ban on raw milk's retail sale.[10]Шаблон:Sfn The hearings were highly publicized and fueled consumer demand for unpasteurized dairy.Шаблон:Sfn Claravale Farm's supply via Stewart was insufficient,Шаблон:Sfn and southern California residents travelled north to buy raw milk at the McAfee brothers' farm, Organic Pastures Dairy Company.[22] In early 2000, the McAfees' farm had switched to organic, but Organic Pastures still sold its milk wholesale to Organic Valley, which in turn supplied only pasteurized milk to stores.[22]

After visits by southern Californian customers, Organic Pastures obtained a permit to sell raw dairy retail.[22] In 2001, Mark McAfee contacted Stewart, who recruited Vonderplanitz.Шаблон:Sfn Vonderplanitz invested $15,000, and with Stewart recruited others, including real-estate executive Larry Otting who invested $17,000, and Organic Pastures began to supply unpasteurized dairy retail.Шаблон:Sfn The volume allowed Stewart, despite dropping Claravale's milk, to reach 89 stores.Шаблон:Sfn In 2004, as the nation's largest unpasteurized supplier, Organic Pastures brought distribution in-house and dismissed Stewart, who then focused on growing his private food club, Rawesome.Шаблон:Sfn Rawesome kept keep Stewart and Vonderplanitz at the center of the raw-dairy movement until Rawesome's closure after a government raid in 2011.Шаблон:Sfn

Nationwide

In the late 1990s, Vonderplanitz formed the nonprofit organization Right to Choose Healthy Food (RTCHF).Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn Vonderplanitz claimed that the organization "will combat any legislation banning people's right to choose raw food",Шаблон:Efn though RTCHF apparently focused on raw dairy. Vonderplanitz created the "animal-leasing" model, where a private food club, whose members are also RTCHF members, contracts a farmer to produce solely for that food club.Шаблон:Sfn As president of RTCHF, Vonderplanitz mediated these arrangements in multiple states.[3]Шаблон:Sfn[23] Meanwhile, he criticized the "herdshare" or "cowshare" model, where a consumer buys "shares" and thus "partially owns" the cattle, before buying dairy directly from the farmer, who may still sell to nonshareholders.Шаблон:Sfn

Vonderplanitz fought the Farm-to-Consumer Legal Defense Fund (FTCLDF) by writing legal documents for farmers and consumers, despite not being an attorney. The FTCLDF was operated by attorneys also endorsed the herdshare model, which Vonderplanitz claimed to lack precedent, as shareholding can entitle one to profits without any ownership of property, whereas leasing held long precedent of full responsibility matching ownership.Шаблон:Sfn Vonderplanitz not being a lawyer appealed to Amish farmers, however, who traditionally avoid taking legal action. By 2010, Vonderplanitz's responses were well known for ending regulators' legal threats against RTCHF's farmers.Шаблон:Sfn Once threatened, some non-RTCHF farmers signed RTCHF contracts.[24]Шаблон:Sfn By 2010, RTCHF's food clubs numbered about 80, each commonly having about 100 to 200 members, and a few having over 1000 members.Шаблон:Sfn

Around 2010, the federal government began to pressure state governments to enforce laws against raw milk. A dragnet was brought against farmers and club managers connected to Vonderplanitz;Шаблон:Sfn his attempts to defend them drew mixed results.Шаблон:Sfn In April 2011, the Food and Drug Administration filed in federal court against Amish farmer Daniel Allgyer of Pennsylvania.Шаблон:Sfn Unable to reach Vonderplanitz, who was traveling abroad, Allgyer dropped Vonderplanitz's RTCHF the next month and hired Karl Dahlstrom's ProAdvocate Group.Шаблон:Sfn Against Allyger's resistance, Vonderplanitz filed a motion to intercede, but the judge denied it, excluding Vondeplanitz from the case, and added that Vonderplanitz's arguments about health and rights were irrelevant to whether Allgyer were guilty of interstate commerce of unpasteurized dairy. In February 2012, ruling against Allgyer, the judge called it "a cow share" that was "merely a subterfuge".Шаблон:Sfn

Rawesome food club

The preeminent food club linked to Vonderplanitz's Right to Choose Healthy Food was the Rawesome food club, known for exotic raw foods, and its celebrity clientele, in Venice, Los Angeles.[12] In 2001, James Stewart had founded a private food club, "The Garage".Шаблон:Sfn By 2003, it evolved into Rawesome, which Vonderplanitz wrote the contract for, invested in, and steered clients to.[12]Шаблон:Sfn In 2005, regulators tried to restrict Rawesome, but Vonderplanitz wrote the response and persuaded Stewart to resist.Шаблон:Sfn The government dropped the citation, Rawesome continued normal operation, and the success gave Vonderplanitz renown for fending off regulators' legal threats over a few years.Шаблон:Sfn However, in October 2010, Vonderplanitz turned against Stewart, a conflict that divided the food club.Шаблон:Sfn

Having long thought that his body was responding poorly to some of her products, Vonderplanitz suspected Healthy Family Farms' owner Sharon Palmer, one of Rawesome's main suppliers, of secretly outsourcing, supplying meat that was not organic or soy-free, and providing contaminated eggs.[12]Шаблон:Sfn Stewart stood by Palmer and kept selling her products.Шаблон:Sfn Vonderplanitz and Palmer's main creditor, Rawesome member Larry Otting, published a defamatory website, Unhealthy Family Farms.[13]Шаблон:Sfn In June 2010, an unnamed Palmer employee explained to a Ventura County Sheriff's detective and a Los Angeles County District Attorney's agent that Healthy Family Farms lacked the means to produce all of the food it was supplying.Шаблон:Sfn Later that month, on June 30, regulators raided Rawesome.Шаблон:Citation needed

Two days after the raid, Vonderplanitz sent a group email alleging that "government agents trespassed and kidnapped volunteers and members for the entire time that they seized the property, about five hours", and that "they stole, under the term confiscate, thousands of dollars worth of members' FOOD that was private property".Шаблон:Sfn A Los Angeles County District Attorney agent referred to Vonderplanitz's "online notices", argued to protect the investigation and to conceal identifies of undercover agents, whose "lives and safety would be put into jeopardy", and persuaded a Los Angeles Superior Court judge to seal the investigation's documents.Шаблон:Sfn The Los Angeles District Attorney's office began monitoring Vonderplanitz, Palmer, and Palmer's employee Victoria Bloch's email accounts.Шаблон:Sfn

Although Rawesome continued normal operation and drew support in mainstream media,Шаблон:Efn the raid intensified the Stewart–Vonderplanitz conflict, dividing Rawesome's membership,[13]Шаблон:Sfn and conspiracy theories began to manifest.Шаблон:Sfn In late 2010, Vonderplanitz visited Ventura County District Attorney investigators to prosecute Palmer for allegedly defrauding Rawesome.Шаблон:Sfn In January 2011, Vonderplanitz and Otting sued Stewart and Palmer for $20 million.[13]Шаблон:Sfn In August 2011, authorities raided Rawesome again and shut it down. They arrested Stewart, as well as Palmer and Bloch for criminal conspiracy in illegally producing and selling unpasteurized dairy.Шаблон:Sfn

Although he claimed credit for building Rawesome's success, Vonderplanitz was marginalized by Rawesome's supporters.Шаблон:Sfn Outside the courthouse at a demonstration, he, trying to answer interested news media, concluded himself blacklisted from newsgathering.Шаблон:Sfn In 2012, Stewart and Palmer were arrested on criminal charges as to the funding of Palmer's farm, where they allegedly misled investors about their own credit worthiness, and faced sentences of 40 years imprisonment.Шаблон:Sfn After four months of jail, Stewart took a plea deal, paid a fine, gave up Rawesome's cause, and began distributing olive oil. By July 2013, the civil suit's judge had reduced the 30 civil charges to two, Palmer countersued Vonderplanitz and Otting, and the judge ordered the parties to negotiate a settlement.[13] By then, Vonderplanitz's seemingly irrational vendetta was infamous and was partially blamed for Rawesome's downfall.[13][20]

Final years

Despite his role in Rawesome and other animal-leasing arrangements that he continued after Rawesome's debacle, Vonderplanitz was never prosecuted.Шаблон:Sfn By 2010, he believed himself to be the target of a governmental or pharmaceutical conspiracy to neutralize him.Шаблон:Sfn

In 2009, he had described the ongoing flu pandemic as a hoax mediated by flu vaccination.[25] He later alleged apparent retribution by invaders of his hotel room in Thailand forcibly giving him injections that sent his "mercury, barium, and chromium readings off the charts", impairing his health, causing weight loss, and prematurely aging him.Шаблон:Sfn In another claim, he said that his car's brakes suddenly failed in Thailand, causing a potentially fatal car wreck that he likewise attributed to a plot against his life.Шаблон:Citation needed

In August 2013, at his farm in Thailand, Vonderplanitz apparently leaned against his second-story balcony rail, which collapsed; he fell and broke his spine, which paralyzed him.[11][16] At the hospital, he accepted pain-killing drugs, yet refused surgery to treat internal bleeding.[16] After a few days, he lost consciousness and died.[11][16] Despite rumors of conspiracy, two of Vonderplanitz's colleagues described local circumstances suggesting a genuine accident.[16] Vonderplanitz authored two books: a memoir retracing his path to and introducing the Primal Diet, We Want To Live (1997/2005), and a follow-up recipe book citing putative scientific evidence, The Recipe for Living Without Disease (2002).[5]

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

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  1. ↑ Chris Norris, "The gastronauts", Spin, 1999 Feb;15(2):86–95.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Greg Presto, "20 most controversial figures in health and fitness" Шаблон:Webarchive, Rodale Wellness, 28 Dec 2011.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Sarah Gilbert, "The war over raw milk: A battle heats up", AOL News, 20 Jul 2010.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Sandor Ellix Katz, The Revolution Will Not Be Microwaved: Inside America's Underground Food Movements (White River Junction VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2006), p 182.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7 5,8 5,9 Susan Bourette, Meat: A Love Story (New York: Berkley Books, 2009), ch 9.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Ben Hewitt, Making Supper Safe: One Man's Quest to Learn the Truth about Food Safety (New York: Rodale, 2011), p 181.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Burkhard Bilger, "Nature's spoils", New Yorker, 22 Nov 2010, collected in Tim Folger, ed, The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2011: The Best American Series (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011), and in Francis Lam & John T Edge, eds, Cornbread Nation 7: The Best of Southern Food Writing (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2014).
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Ralph Moss, "From the Planets", The Cancer Chronicles, Fall 1997.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Ron Schmid, The Untold Story of Milk: Green Pastures, Contented Cows and Raw Dairy Products (Baltimore MD: New Trends Publishing, 2003), p 273.
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 David Gumpert, "In death as in life, controversy follows Aajonus Vonderplanitz", The Complete Patient blog, 29 Aug 2013.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Dana Goodyear, "Raw deal", New Yorker, 30 Apr 2012.
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 Victoria Bloch, "Mourning what could have been at Rawesome Food Club", The Complete Patient blog, 16 Jul 2013.
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Regina Meredith, interviewing Aajonus Vonderplanitz Шаблон:Webarchive, Consciousness Media Network, Jun 2010.
  15. ↑ Anonymous writer, "Aajonus Vonderplanitz, author", webpage for speaker # 38 at 39th Annual Cancer Control Convention, held 3–5 Sep 2011, Cancer Control Society, website visited 27 Sep 2017.
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 David Gumpert, "Putting Vonderplanitz, and conspiracies, to rest; comments commentary", The Complete Patient blog, 29 Sep 2013.
  17. ↑ Ben Hewitt, Making Supper Safe (Rodale, 2011), p 177.
  18. ↑ U.S. Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark Office, Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office: Trademarks, 2003;1274(4):688.
  19. ↑ Edwin Rensen, "Rauw vlees eten is juist gezond"Шаблон:Dead link Vlees Magazine (Netherlands), 14 May 2009.
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 David Gumpert, "The dark side of the Aajonus Vonderplanitz legacy; how the end came", The Complete Patient blog, 31 Aug 2013.
  21. ↑ Aajonus Vonderplanitz & William Campbell Douglass, "Report in favor of raw milk: Expert report and recommendations", 8 Feb 2001, submitted by Arlene Binder & Roger Noorthoek, attorneys at law, Encino, California, to "each Los Angeles County Board of Supervisor".
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 Anonymous writer, "About our 4th-generation farm" Шаблон:Webarchive, Organic Pastures.com, accessed 22 Oct 2017.
  23. ↑ David Gumpert, "Have the Feds finally found food producers they can throw the book at?", Food Safety News, 30 Nov 2011.
  24. ↑ David Gumpert, "Want raw milk? Lease a farm—and hire a lawyer", Grist, 22 Jul 2010.
  25. ↑ Carl Lenore, interviewing Aajonus Vonderplanitz, Superhuman Radio, 28 Apr 2009.
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