Английская Википедия:Abbey of Saint-Acheul

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Шаблон:Infobox monastery The Abbey of Saint-Acheul (Шаблон:Lang-fr) was a monastery of Canons Regular in the Saint-Acheul district of Amiens, France. It was founded in the 11th century on the site of an ancient church, and was suppressed in 1790 during the French Revolution. The buildings, which date to the 18th century, were taken over by a college that was entrusted to the Jesuits in 1814. They are now occupied by the private Lycée Saint-Riquier. The abbey church is used as a parish church.

Location

The church is on the chaussée Jules-Ferry, Amiens, Somme.Шаблон:Sfn The location was once a site of Druid sacrifices, later the site of a Roman temple.Шаблон:Sfn

Church

An ancient church named Notre Dame des Martyrs, known as the first cathedral of Amiens, was founded in memory of Saint Firmin the Martyr. Later it became part of the Abbey of Notre Dame de Saint-Acheul.Шаблон:Sfn Modern historians have debated when and by whom the church was founded, but Bishop Rorico of Amiens (Шаблон:Circa) was confident that it was the oldest Christian building in Amiens and had been built by Saint Firmin the Confessor over the tombs of Saint Firmin the Martyr, Saint Acius and Saint Acheolus.Шаблон:Sfn Saint Firmin the Martyr was an evangelist and first Bishop of Amiens, who was martyred there in 287.Шаблон:Sfn

The oldest surviving vitae of the first bishop-saints of Amiens mentions the church. The life of Firmin the Martyr relates that after he had been executed the senator Faustinian took the body and buried it in his personal cemetery in "Abladana". His son Firmin the Confessor, later to be known as Saint-Acheul, built a church over the tomb and was also buried there. Saint Salvius, Bishop of Amiens in the 7th century, found the tombs of the two Saint Firmins and the martyrs Acius and Aciolus. He moved the four bodies to the eastern crypt of the cathedral.Шаблон:Sfn

The crypt under the church contains ancient tombs and bas-reliefs.Шаблон:Sfn It was discovered on 10 January 1697 during construction of a foundation for the main altar in the church. The monks claimed they had found the body of Saint Firmin, and said the relics in the Amiens Cathedral were not authentic. After lengthy controversy the relics in the cathedral were opened on 10 January 1715 and the 13th century inscriptions were taken to prove their authenticity. The vault of the 11th century church collapsed in 1751 and all the buildings were completely rebuilt in 1760. During the revolution the church became the parish church for the districts of La Neuville and Boutillerie. Under the Terror it was changed into stables. It was again made a parish church in 1844.Шаблон:Sfn

The church has a classical sober stone architecture.Шаблон:Sfn The interior has a "Jesuit" style with a single span of Шаблон:Convert and a vault that reaches Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The facade has a large door surrounded by pilasters with Tuscan-style capitals. Higher up a bay and niches are arranged between pilasters with Doric capitals that support the triglyphic entablature, on which there is a triangular pediment. Under the choir there is a vault in the place where the body of Saint Firmin was miraculously discovered. The church holds several sarcophagi and 15th century bas-reliefs relating to the history of Saint Firmin. The church was protected as monument historique PA00116051 by decree of 8 December 1969.Шаблон:Sfn The church holds a noted statue of Notre Dame des Sept Douleurs (Our Lady of Seven Sorrows).Шаблон:Sfn

Abbey

The town of Amiens was jointly governed from the mid-10th century by the counts of Amiens-Valois and the Bishop of Amiens. This continued until 1074 when Count Raoul IV died and his son Simon became a monk.Шаблон:Sfn Bishop Rorico of Amiens established canons at Saint-Acheul in 1085.Шаблон:Sfn The foundation charter records donations to Saint-Acheul by Count Enguerran of Boves and his vidame Eustache. It was issued in the first year of Enguerran's rule, and praises his restoration of law and order.Шаблон:Sfn Throughout the 12th century the priory received much support from the bishops of Amiens.Шаблон:Sfn A monastery for the Augustinian canons regular was built by Bishop Tierry in 1145.Шаблон:Sfn

The abbey bought land in the Neuville area in the 13th century and established vegetable gardens, from which it received payments from the cultivators.Шаблон:Sfn The plots were on drained marshland. Every year on a given date all the cultivators had to drain the canals around their plots and clean out all the wild plants that had been growing in the waterways and on their banks.Шаблон:Sfn The monastery was rebuilt in the 14th century. In 1634 it was united with the church of Saint Genevieve.Шаблон:Sfn The abbey was again rebuilt in the 17th–18th centuries.Шаблон:Sfn

The manuscript diaries of Pierre de L'Estoile (1546–1611) were deposited in the library of the abbey by his descendant Pierre Poussemthe de L'Estoile when he died in 1718.Шаблон:Sfn Pierre Poussemthe de L'Estoile was the abbot of Saint-Acheul.Шаблон:Sfn The diaries were used as sources for various historical works on the period of Henry III and Henry IV of France.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn The abbey held a head of Saint John the Baptist, one of several such heads in churches of France before the revolution.Шаблон:Sfn It remained in use until 1790.

Jesuit college

Файл:Church and abbey of Saint-Acheul 1880.jpg
Church and abbey of Saint-Acheul in 1880

Louis Sellier, a layman who later became a Jesuit, founded a pensionnat at Amiens in 1797, which he gave to the Fathers of the Faith including Jean Nicolas Loriquet in 1803. The pensionnat was suppressed in 1812, but was succeeded in 1816 after the fall of the Empire by the minor seminary of Saint-Acheul, staffed by the former teachers of the pensionnat who had become Jesuits after the restoration of that order.Шаблон:Sfn The seminary was crowded into the old abbey and an old auxiliary building, with a 3-story building thrown up in 1818 to hold a study hall and dormitory, and two nearby houses. An ancient stable on the farm beside the abbey was also used as a study hall. The seminary was home to almost 900 resident students.Шаблон:Sfn There were almost 60 Jesuits and perhaps as many lay workers. Despite the austere conditions, the college was well off compared to most such establishments.Шаблон:Sfn In 14 years the seminary educated 70 Jesuits, 550 priests and 8 bishops.Шаблон:Sfn

Alumni of the Jesuit college include:

The Jesuit college was closed in 1830.Шаблон:Sfn Later the building was used as a hospital.Шаблон:Sfn As of 2017 the abbey was occupied by a private lycée.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

Notes

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Шаблон:Commons category

Sources

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Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Authority control

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