Английская Википедия:Abd Allah al-Radi
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox religious biography Шаблон:Ismailism Abu ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl (Шаблон:Lang-ar, Шаблон:Tooltip 825 – 881), also known as al-Zakī (Шаблон:Lit), al-Raḍī (Шаблон:Lit) and al-Muqtadā al-Hādī (Шаблон:Lit), was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tenth of the Isma'ili Imams, succeeding his father, Muhammad al-Taqi (Шаблон:Died in). Before his death in 881, he entrusted the care of his son and successor, Abd Allah al-Mahdi who was then around 8 years old to his full brother, Sa'id al-Khayr, also known as Abu'l-Shalaghlagh.
With the death of Ja'far al-Sadiq in 148/765, Isma'il (Шаблон:Died in) and Muhammad (Шаблон:Died in), the gravity of persecutions of the Abbasids had considerably increased. The Isma'ili Imams were impelled to thicken their hiding, therefore, the first dawr al-satr came into force from 197/813 to 268/882, wherein the Imams were known as al-a'imma al-masturin (Шаблон:Lit). The concealment ended with the establishment of the Fatimid caliphate (Шаблон:Reign).
Historical background
With the death of Ja'far al-Sadiq in 148/765, Isma'il (Шаблон:Died in) and Muhammad (Шаблон:Died in), the gravity of persecutions of the Abbasids had considerably increased.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Isma'ili Imams were impelled to thicken their hiding, therefore, the first dawr al-satr ('period of concealment')Шаблон:Efn came into force from 197/813 to 268/882, wherein the Imams were known as al-a'imma al-masturin (Шаблон:Lit).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn During this time, the living Imam's identity was hidden for protection and the community continued to operate under the authority of Muhammad ibn Isma'il.Шаблон:Sfn According to later tradition, these were Abd Allah (the 8th Imam), Ahmad (the 9th Imam) and al-Husayn (the 10th Imam).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Among the later Isma'ili historians, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi, the author of Istitār al-Imām, compiled under the Fatimid Imam–Caliph al-Aziz Billah (Шаблон:Reign) seems first to have mentioned the names of the three 'hidden' Imams.Шаблон:Sfn
Modern historian of the Fatimid period, Shainool Jiwa, explains that during dawr al-satr (765–909 CE) Ismaili doctrine had spread as far as from Yemen to Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia and eastern Algeria), with its most prominent adherents being the Kutama Berbers of North Africa.Шаблон:Sfn
Life
Husayn ibn Ahmad was born in 825 and assumed the Imamate in 840.Шаблон:Sfn His hujjat was Ahmad, surnamed al-Hakim, a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali, to whom Abd Allah ibn Maymun al-Qaddah handed over his position.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Al-Radi's headquarters continued in Salamiyah, where he was among the Hashimites and appeared to be one of them.Шаблон:Sfn He gave presents to the local governors and was lavish with hospitality.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He is said to have granted allowances from his wealth to the poor and disabled persons in Salamiyah without discrimination between the Isma'ilis and non-Isma'ilis.Шаблон:Sfn If the name of his father Muhammad al-Taqi is remembered through the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (Rasāʿil Ikhwān al-ṣafā), which the son is said to have summarized in his Jāmiʿat al-Jāmiʿa, al-Radi is connected with a spreading daʿwah or propaganda.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:BlockquoteAl-Radi travelled to Kufa, on pilgrimage to the tombs of Ali ibn Abi Talib and his son, Husayn.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn While there he met and became attached to Abu al-Qasim ibn Hasan ibn Farah ibn Hawshab, who was of the Twelvers and was associated with Hasan al-Askari; and also to Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani, both of whom he sent to Yemen to establish the way of the Isma'iliyya there.Шаблон:Sfn They reached Yemen, and conquered Sanaa, the capital of Yemen, and exiled the ruling tribe of Banu Laydir, and established Isma'ili authority in Yemen.Шаблон:Sfn
Al-Radi died in 268/881 at Salamiyah while he was travelling in the vicinity, appointing before his death as his trustee his own brother, Sa'id al-Khayr, also known as Abu'l-Shalaghlagh, as the guardian of his son, al-Mahdi.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It is stated in the Istitār al-Imām that the guardian, Abu'l-Shalaghlagh, the 'acting Imam', tried to usurp the Imamate for his own line, appointing one after another his sons successively as his heir, but that all of these died, so that ultimately the Imamate, by the will of God, returned to him for whom it was destined, i.e. al-Mahdi.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Al-Radi's death in 268/881 marked the termination of dawr al-satr in the Isma'ili history.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
Footnotes
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Daftary-The Ismailis
- Шаблон:Cite book
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