Английская Википедия:Abemama
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox islands
Abemama (Apamama)[1] is an atoll, one of the Gilberts group in Kiribati, and is located Шаблон:Convert southeast of Tarawa and just north of the Equator. Abemama has an area of Шаблон:Convert and a population of 3,299 Шаблон:As of. The islets surround a deep lagoon. The eastern part of the atoll of Abemama is linked together by causeways making automobile traffic possible between the different islets. The outlying islands of Abatiku and Biike are situated on the southwestern side of the atoll.[2]
The village of Kariatebike serves as the government center for the atoll[1] which includes an administration building, the police station and a hospital.
Abemama was formerly known as Roger Simpson Island,[3] Dundas Island, Hopper Island, or Simpson Island.[4]
Geography
Abemama has a land area of Шаблон:Convert with a width varying from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert. The island has 3 main islets; the largest and main islet has 11 villages and is home to most of the population. Abatiku, an islet located at the north-western reef, and Biike just south of it, have much smaller populations.[2]
The island has a lagoon area and an abundance of lagoon fish, shellfish, and worms. There are also some seaweed farms. Causeways were constructed to link all villages on the main islet. The island resembles an incomplete “G” letter, with two reef passages; one is located in between Abatiku and Tabiang village at the north-western end. The other is between Biike and Kenna, the latter being the southernmost end of the main islet. The island is surrounded with an exposed reef at the windward side and submerged reef at the leeward side where Biike and Abatiku are situated. Most of the important food crops in Kiribati such as coconut, giant taro, pandanus and breadfruit grow well in Abemama.[2]
Villages
| Abemama: Population and Land Area | |||
| Census Area | Population 2010[5] | Land area by islet[5] | Density (people per hectare) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abatiku | 150 | Шаблон:Convert | 0.5 |
| Tabiang | 487 | Шаблон:Convert | 1.3 |
| Tanimainiku | 182 | ||
| Tekatirirake | 250 | ||
| Kauma | 74 | ||
| Baretoa | 387 | ||
| Tabontebike | 380 | ||
| Kariatebike | 505 | ||
| Bangotantekabaia | 79 | ||
| Tebanga | 62 | ||
| Manoku | 170 | ||
| Kabangaki | 474 | ||
| Biike | 13 | Шаблон:Convert | 0.4 |
| Abemama total | 3213 | Шаблон:Convert | 1.2 |
History
Captain Charles Bishop happened upon Abemama in 1799 and referred to it on his map as Roger Simpson Island, after one of his friends.[1]
The island was surveyed in 1841 by the US Exploring Expedition.[6]
In the mid to late 19th Century, Abemama was ruled by a single paramount chief. This contrasts with the Northern Gilbert Islands where groups of families or kainga would have their own separate leaders, and the Southern Gilberts (from Nonouti southwards) where the old men or unimwane collectively would meet in the maneaba to govern.[7] Some European sources describe the chiefly family of Abemama as "the Gilbert Islands ruling family"[8] but local sources recognise that the unimwane wield much of the power even on Abemama, and governing the whole of the Gilbert Islands as a single unit is a logistical challenge even in modern times.Шаблон:Citation needed
Abemama is known as the island where the declaration of a British Protectorate was first proclaimed by Captain Davis of Шаблон:HMS on 27 May 1892.[1]
Abemama Post Office opened around 1910.[9]
Robert Louis Stevenson, Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne spent 2 months on Abemama in 1889. Near Tabontebike is the tomb of tyrant-chief Tem Binoka, who was immortalized by Stevenson in his account of the 1889 voyage of the Equator published as In the South Seas[10] Robert Louis Stevenson, Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne returned to Abemama in July 1890 during their cruise on the trading steamer the Janet Nicoll.[11]
World War II
Japan occupied the Gilberts on 9 December 1941.[12]
On 21 November 1943, the American submarine Шаблон:USS landed a company of 78 U.S. Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance Scouts with Australian Army Lt George Hand formerly of the Ocean Island Defence Force acting as an interpreter [13] to seize the island. They defeated the Japanese garrison with fire support from Nautilus. On the morning of 25 November, a native reported to the Marines that the remaining Japanese committed suicide. The US Navy built Naval Base Abemama on the island and departed in the fall of 1944. [14]
Tourism
Abemama is close to the capital of South Tarawa. Abemama Atoll Airport is located on the north end of Abemama near the village of Tabiang. It has regular connections with the international airport in Tarawa twice weekly, on Wednesday and Sunday.
There are three guest houses on Abemama; the Island Council guest house, Chevalier College guest house, and one private lodge.[15]
Education
The island has the following Christian senior high schools:[16]
- Chevalier School
- Kauma Adventist High School - Also has junior high school
King George V School, a secondary school for boys which opened in Bairiki in 1922, moved to Abemama, and then to Bikenibeu in 1953.[17]
References
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica, Abemama Atoll
- Marines take Abemama http://todayshistorylesson.wordpress.com/2008/11/25/marines-take-apamama-with-just-26-shots/
- Exhibit: The Alfred Agate Collection: The United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 from the Navy Art Gallery
- Stevenson, Robert L. (1896), In the South Seas
Шаблон:Kiribati geography Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Canby. Historic Places. p. 2
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Canby, Courtlandt. The Encyclopedia of Historic Places. (New York: Facts of File Publications, 1984) p. 2
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ In the South Seas (1896) & (1900) Chatto & Windus; republished by The Hogarth Press (1987)
- ↑ Fanny Stevenson incorrectly names the ship in The Cruise of the Janet Nichol among the South Sea Islands A Diary by Mrs Robert Louis Stevenson (first published 1914), republished 2004, editor, Roslyn Jolly (U. of Washington Press/U. of New South Wales Press)
- ↑ p.3 JAPANESE LAND ON ISLANDS IN GILBERT GROUP The Mail (Adelaide, SA) Saturday 27 December 1941
- ↑ p. 179 Morison, Samuel Eliot History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls, June 1942-April 1944 University of Illinois Press, 2001
- ↑ p.30 Rottman, Gordon L. US Special Warfare Units in the Pacific Theatre 1941-1945 Ospery Publishing 2005
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ "TABITEUEA NORTH 2008 Socio-Economic Profile" Part 2 of 4 Шаблон:Webarchive. Strengthening Decentralized Governance in Kiribati Project , Ministry of Internal and Social Affairs (Kiribati). p. 48 (PDF p. 13/15). Part 1 is here Шаблон:Webarchive.
- ↑ Talu, Alaima. "Towards Quality in Education" (Chapter 21, in Part IV: Social Issues). In: Van Trease, Howard (editor). Atoll Politics: The Republic of Kiribati. University of Canterbury MacMillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies and University of the South Pacific, 1993. Шаблон:ISBN, 9780958330008. p. 241
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