Английская Википедия:Aberford

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Aberford is a village and civil parish on the eastern outskirts of the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 1,059 at the 2001 census, increasing to 1,180 at the 2011 Census. It is situated Шаблон:Convert east, north east of Leeds and west of the A1(M) motorway.Шаблон:Sfn

Etymology

The name 'Aberford' comes from the Old English woman's name Ēadburg and ford, which, then as now, meant 'ford'. The name meant 'Eadburg's ford'. This suggests the settlement's once-strategic importance.Шаблон:Sfn The name was recorded as Ædburford in 1176 and Ædburgford in 1177, Ebberford in the 13th century and Aberford from 1208.

History

Aberford was where the ancient Great North Road crossed over the Cock River (now reduced in volume as the Cock Beck). Aberford was the midway point on the road between London and Edinburgh, being around Шаблон:Convert distant from each city. The construction of the A1(M) motorway bypassed the village starting at Hook Moor. On the north side of the river the Aberford Dykes earthworks were constructed to defend the crossing. The buried remains of a Roman fort have been found beneath Aberford House.Шаблон:Sfn The bridge dates from the 18th century.

Aberford was in the ancient Kingdom of Elmet, the name given to the parliamentary constituency. An Anglo-Saxon gold ring, inscribed with the name of King Alfred the Great's sister Æthelswith, was found in a ploughed field near the village in 1870. It was bequeathed by A. W. Franks to the British Museum in 1897. In the 17th century the village was a major place for the manufacture of pins.Шаблон:Sfn

Aberford's growth was along the road and the village has developed a linear rather than nucleated profile.Шаблон:Sfn Since the early 1990s much new housing has been constructed, as increasing affluence allows people to move away from city centres to rural and suburban areas.

Geology

Geologically, Aberford lies slightly east of the narrow basal sandstone boundary between the central Leeds Coal Measures and much harder magnesian limestone deposits, in an area shaped heavily by subsidence of the underlying Coal Measures.

Buildings

Aberford is considered "a place of special architectural and historic interest".Шаблон:Sfn Some notable buildings are:

• St Ricarius Church. The parish church is an 1861 rebuilding of a 12th-century one.
• The Gascoigne Almshouses designed by George Fowler Jones was built by sisters Mary Isabella and Elizabeth Gascoigne of Parlington Hall in 1844 to commemorate their father, Richard Oliver Gascoigne and two brothers who died in quick succession. They are grade II* listed buildings.
• Aberford House is a classical 18th century mansion on Main Street.
• The Swan Hotel, previously a staging post used by those travelling the Great North Road.
• The Arabian Horse Inn is one of a very few public houses in the UK with this name, and a landmark with the conservation area.Шаблон:Sfn

Aberford Church of England primary School is affiliated with the parish church adjacent to it. The school was originally a tithe barn and is owned by the Archdeacon of York following  its transfer from the Vicar of Aberford. Previously, it and much of the village was owned by Oriel College, Oxford, which received tithes from Aberford. At the northern boundary is the A64 road from Leeds to York and Scarborough. At the south end of Aberford is what used to be Hicklam Mill Farm now a small certified caravan and camping site.

Gallery

• St Ricarius Church

  St Ricarius Church

• The Swan a former public house

  The Swan a former public house

• Gascoigne Almshouses

  Gascoigne Almshouses

• The Arabian Horse public house

  The Arabian Horse public house

• Aberford Bridge over the Cock Beck. The arches show the former width

  Aberford Bridge over the Cock Beck. The arches show the former width

• The Royal Oak a former public house

  The Royal Oak a former public house

See also

• Listed buildings in Aberford

References

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite report
• Шаблон:Cite report

External links

• Aberford community website with local news and parish council information
• A comprehensive History of Parlington Hall, and features associated with the hall like the Ice House, the Dark Arch and the Triumphal Arch.'
• Leeds's geology
• Aberford C of E School
• Roman Roads in Britain (large map, recommended that this is opened in a separate window)
• Details on the Great North Road
• The Aberford Railway (Fly Line), at the LNER Encyclopedia
• Photos of Aberford and surrounding area on geograph
• Leodis View photographs of Aberford on the Leeds photographic archive.