Английская Википедия:Abhakara Kiartivongse

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Admiral Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse, Prince of Chumphon (19 December 1880 – 19 May 1923) (Шаблон:Lang-th, Шаблон:RTGS, full title: Шаблон:Lang-th), was the 28th child of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). He was commonly revered as "The Father of the Thai Navy".

As the founder of the Thai Navy (then known as the 'Royal Siamese Navy'), Abhakara was highly praised by many Thais as "Sadej Tia" (Шаблон:Lang-th; lit. Lord Father), "Mor Phon" (Шаблон:Lang-th; lit. Doctor Phon). The Thai Royal Navy officially granted him the title of "the Father of the Thai Navy" in 1993.

There are 217 shrines and memorials built to honour him around Thailand. The most famous of these is the Prince of Chumphon Shrine at Hat Sai Ree in Chumphon Province, where he recuperated and rehabilitated from his illnesses, before his death on 19 May 1923.

Career

Файл:Personal emblem of Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse.png

Personal emblem of Abhakara Kiartivongse

Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse was born on 19 December 1880. His mother, chao chom manda Mot (Mot Bunnag), was a royal concubine from an aristocratic but non-royal family, which meant that Abhakara was unlikely to ascend to the throne.Шаблон:Sfn

In late 1893, his father, Rama V, sent Abhakara and his brother Vajiravudh to study military science in England.Шаблон:Sfn The king's decision was motivated by the recent loss of Siam's Laotian territories to France, and his consequent desire to modernise Siam's army and navy.Шаблон:Sfn He hoped that his sons would acquire western military knowledge that would allow them to train future officers of the armed forces.Шаблон:Sfn From January 1884, the two princes studied in Ascot under the tutelage of Basil Thomson;Шаблон:Sfn in 1895, Vajiravudh began training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, while Abhakara moved to The Limes, a naval preparatory school for Britannia Royal Naval College at Greenwich, before commencing sea training in April 1897 aboard the Siamese vessel Maha Chakri. Шаблон:Sfn He was accepted as a midshipman (officer cadet) in the Royal Navy and posted to the battleship HMS Revenge in November 1897,Шаблон:Sfn and subsequently served in HMS Ramillies, the sloop HMS Cruiser and the reconnaissance vessel HMS Hawk.Шаблон:Sfn

Abhakara achieved good marks in his training and impressed his supervisors with his skills, but was not allowed to undertake courses in naval tactics, gunnery or torpedoes, which were deemed to be of a 'confidential character' by the Admiralty.Шаблон:Sfn

Since the late 20th century, some royal biographers have claimed that Abhakara saw active service in Crete during the three months of the Theriso revolt,Шаблон:Sfn but the chronology of this episode is difficult to corroborate with the prince's known postings and movements during his time in Britain, and the story has been described as one that 'may fit more easily into the category of legend than into that of fact.'Шаблон:Sfn

Abhakara returned to Siam in 1900 to serve in the creation of Royal Siamese Navy. He was made Director of the Naval Education Department, and subsequently named Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Siamese Navy in 1903–10, in which role he contributed significantly to the modernisation of the force.Шаблон:Sfn He was removed from public duties between 1911 and 1917, possibly as a result of rumors about his implication in plots against his half-brother, now king Vajiravudh.Шаблон:Sfn During this period, he studied saiyasat and saiwet, traditional Thai forms of healing and protective magic,Шаблон:Sfn as well as folk healing and herbal medicine.Шаблон:Sfn

Rehabilitated in 1917, he was made Inspector-General of the Royal Siamese Navy,Шаблон:Sfn followed by the office of Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Siamese Navy in 1918, Acting Minister of Marine in 1922, and Minister of Marine in 1923.Шаблон:Sfn In 1920, he returned to England to negotiate the purchase of the destroyer HMS Radiant, which was transferred to the Royal Siamese Navy in September as Phra Ruang.Шаблон:Sfn He commanded the ship during its subsequent voyage home.

In 1922 he saw that Sattahip Bay was a strategic place for the establishment of a naval base and offered royal land in Sattahip in order to build the present-day naval facilities. In honor of his contributions, the prince was proclaimed "The father of the Royal Thai Navy".

Abhakara was also a practitioner of muay Thai. During King Vajiravudh's reign, he trained many muay Thai boxers, many of whom went on to become trainers themselves.

Death

Файл:Hat Sai Ri, Mueang Chumphon District, Chumphon, Thailand - panoramio (1).jpg

Prince of Chumphon Shrine at Hat Ree beach in Chumphon province, built to commemorate him

Файл:Памятник адмиралу принцу Чумпхону в Паттайе.jpg

Abhakara Kiartivongse monument in Pattaya

Not long after being honoured to the title "Commander in Chief, Admiral and Father" of the Siamese Navy, Abhakara resigned from office on the grounds of ill health. He travelled for rehabilitation to Monthon Surat for a month, and then to Hat Ree beach in Chumphon province. He contracted influenza after an accidental exposure cold rain, which worsened his condition sharply, and died at the age of 42, on 19 May 1923, at 11:40 am.

The Royal Thai Navy marks 19 May annually as the "Abhakara Memorial Day".

Ancestry

Ancestor of Abhakara Kiartivongse

Abhakara Kiartivongse	Father: Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam	Paternal Grandfather: Mongkut, King Rama IV of Siam	Paternal Great-grandfather: Buddha Loetla Nabhalai, King Rama II of Siam
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Queen Sri Suriyendra
		Paternal Grandmother: Queen Debsirindra	Paternal Great-grandfather: Prince Sirivongse, the Prince Matayabidaksa
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Mom Noi Sirivongs na Ayudhya
	Mother: Chao Chom Manda Mohd Bunnag	Maternal Grandfather: Chao Phraya Suravongs Vaiyavadhana	Maternal Great-grandfather: Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Sri Suriyawongse
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Klin Bunnag
		Maternal Grandmother: Im Bunnag	Maternal Great-grandfother: unknown
			Maternal Great-grandmother: unknown

Royal decorations

Domestic

• Файл:Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand) ribbon.svg Order of the Royal House of Chakri
• Файл:Order of the Nine Gems (Thailand) ribbon.svg Order of the Nine Gems
• Файл:Order of Chula Chom Klao - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of Order of Chula Chom Klao
• Файл:Ratana Varabhorn Order of Merit ribbon.png Ratana Varabhorn Order of Merit
• Файл:Order of the White Elephant - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of Order of the White Elephant (Highest class at that moment)
• Файл:Order of the Crown of Thailand - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of Order of the Crown of Thailand (Highest class at that moment)
• Файл:Order of Rama 2nd Class ribbon.svg Knight Commander (Second Class) of Order of Rama
• Файл:King Rama V Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama V Royal Cypher Medal (2nd Class)
• Файл:King Rama VI Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama VI Royal Cypher Medal (1st Class)
• Файл:Dushdi Mala - Civilian (Thailand).svg Dushdi Mala Medal

Foreign

• Файл:Cavaliere di gran Croce Regno SSML BAR.svg Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Kingdom of Italy)
• Файл:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg 1st Class, Grand Cordon of Order of the Rising Sun (Japan)

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal

External links

• HRH Prince of Jumborn: The Man, the Myth and His Many Lives
• Aphakorn Kiantiwong – the Father of Thai navy