Английская Википедия:Abingdon (UK Parliament constituency)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox UK constituency Abingdon was a parliamentary constituency in England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) from 1558 until 1983. (It was one of the few English constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons to elect only one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.)

History

Abingdon was one of three English parliamentary boroughs enfranchised by Queen Mary I as anomalous single-member constituencies, and held its first Parliamentary election in 1558. The borough consisted of part of two parishes in the market town of Abingdon, then the county town of Berkshire. The right to vote was exercised by all inhabitant householders paying scot and lot and not receiving alms; the highest recorded number of votes to be cast before 1832 was 253, at the general election of 1806.

Abingdon's voters seem always to have maintained their independence, and the constituency never came under the influence of a "patron" who assumed the right to choose the MP. Nevertheless, this did not always guarantee a pure election, and Porritt records that Abingdon offers the earliest case he was able to trace of a candidate trying to bribe voters with the promise of official office, later one of the most widespread abuses in English elections. In 1698, the defeated candidate, William Hucks, petitioned against the election of Sir Simon Harcourt, but during the hearing of the case it emerged that Hucks had promised that should he be elected an MP he would be made a Commissioner of the Excise, in which case he would use that power to appoint several of the voters to well-paid excise posts. The petition was dismissed and Hucks was committed to the custody of the sergeant-at-arms. (But ten years later, defeated again by Harcourt at the election of 1708, Hucks petitioned once more, on grounds of intimidation and other illegal practices, and this time Harcourt was ejected from his seat and Hucks declared to have been duly elected. Harcourt complained that the decision was a partisan one – which would have been by no means unusual at the period – "insisting to the last that he was the legal member, by a clear majority, by the most fair estimation".)

In 1831, the population of the borough was approximately 5,300, and contained 1,192 houses. This was sufficient for Abingdon to retain its MP under the Great Reform Act. (Indeed, it would have been big enough to retain two MPs had it had them, but there was no question of its representation being increased.) Its boundaries were unaltered, and under the reformed franchise 300 of the residents were qualified to vote.

In 1885 the borough constituency was abolished and the town was moved into a new county, The Northern or Abingdon Division of Berkshire. This constituency consisted of the northern part of the historic county, and as well as Abingdon included the towns of Wantage and Wallingford; it was predominantly agricultural at first, although its character changed during the 20th century with the growth of light industry round Abingdon, and it was generally a safe Conservative seat. This constituency survived essentially intact, with only minor boundary changes, until the 1983 general election, by which time it was simply called Abingdon County Constituency.

Abingdon was abolished in 1983 after changes in administrative boundaries resulting from the Local Government Act 1972 moved most of the northern part of the historic county of Berkshire, including Abingdon, into the county of Oxfordshire.

Boundaries and boundary changes

1885–1918

• The petty sessional divisions of Abingdon, Faringdon, Wallingford, and Wantage;
• The municipal borough of Wallingford; and
• The parts of the municipal boroughs of Abingdon and Oxford in Berkshire.

1918–1950

• The rural district of Abingdon (the civil parishes of Abingdon St Helen Without, Appleford, Appleton-with-Eaton, Besselsleigh, Cumnor, Draycot Moor, Drayton, Frilford, Fyfield, Garford, Kingston Bagpuize, Lyford, Marcham, Milton, North Hinksey, Radley, South Hinksey, Steventon, Sunningwell, Sutton Courtenay, Sutton Wick, Tubney, Wootton, and Wytham);
• The rural district of Wallingford (the civil parishes of Aston Tirrold, Aston Upthorpe, Brightwell-cum-Sotwell, Cholsey, Didcot, East Hagbourne, Little Wittenham, Long Wittenham, Moulsford, North Moreton, South Moreton, and West Hagbourne);
• The rural district of Wantage (the civil parishes of Aldworth, Ardington, Beedon, Blewbury, Brightwalton, Catmore, Chaddleworth, Childrey, Chilton, Compton, Denchworth, East Challow, East Hanney, East Hendred, East Ilsley, Farnborough, Fawley, Goosey, Grove, Hampstead Norris, Harwell, Hermitage, Letcombe Bassett, Letcombe Regis, Lockinge, Peasemore, Sparshlt, Upton, West Challow, West Hanney and West Hendred, and West Ilsley);
• The part of the rural district of Bradfield which consisted of the civil parishes of Ashampstead, Basildon, Frilsham, Streatley, and Yattendon;
• The part of the rural district of Faringdon which was within the administrative county of Berkshire (the civil parishes of Ashbury, Baulking, Bourton, Buckland, Buscot, Charney Bassett, Coleshill, Compton Beauchamp, Eaton Hastings, Fernham, Great Coxwell, Great Faringdon, Hatford, Hinton Waldrist, Kingston Lisle, Little Coxwell, Littleworth, Longcot, Longworth, Pusey, Shellingford, Stanford in the Vale, Uffington, Watchfield, and Woolstone);
• The municipal boroughs of Abingdon and Wallingford; and
• The urban district of Wantage.

The constituency's boundaries were adjusted slightly by the Representation of the People Act 1918, gaining a small part of the Newbury Division. It was redefined in terms of the administrative county of Berkshire and the county districts created by the Local Government Acts of 1888 and 1894.

1950–1974

• The boroughs of Abingdon and Wallingford;
• The urban district of Wantage; and
• The rural districts of Abingdon, Faringdon, Wallingford and Wantage.

Under the Representation of the People Act 1948, Abingdon was altered marginally, with the part of the rural district of Bradfield being transferred to Newbury.

1974–1983

As above. The constituency was not altered by the Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order of 1970, but was slightly amended prior to the February 1974 general election to take account of changes to local government boundaries.

As a result of the constituency boundary changes introduced at the 1983 general election, the Abingdon constituency was divided; most of its electors were placed in the new Wantage constituency and a significant minority including electors in the town of Abingdon were placed in the Oxford West and Abingdon constituency. A small part to the south of the constituency had been retained within Berkshire and this area was transferred to Newbury.

Members of Parliament

1558–1640

Файл:Robert Byng.jpg

Robert Byng served as the Member of Parliament for Abingdon in the Parliament of 1559.

Parliament	Member
Parliament of 1558	Oliver Hyde
Parliament of 1559	Robert Byng
Parliament of 1563–1567	Oliver Hyde (Died during the Parliament) Anthony Forster (Elected 1566)
Parliament of 1571	Anthony Forster
Parliament of 1572–1583	Anthony Forster (Died during the Parliament) Richard Beake (Elected 1572)
Parliament of 1584–1585	Hon. Edward Norreys
Parliament of 1586–1587	Griffith Lloyd, chose to sit for Cardiganshire, replaced by Miles Sandys
Parliament of 1588–1589	Hon. Sir Edward Norreys
Parliament of 1593	William Braunche
Parliament of 1597–1598	Francis Little
Parliament of 1601	Robert Ryche
Parliament of 1604–1611	Sir Richard Lovelace
Addled Parliament (1614)	Sir Robert Knollys
Parliament of 1621–1622	Robert Hyde
Happy Parliament (1624–1625)	Sir Robert Knollys
Useless Parliament (1625)	Sir Robert Knollys
Parliament of 1625–1626
Parliament of 1628–1629	Sir John Stonhouse, 2nd Bt.
No Parliament summoned 1629–1640

1640–1885

Election		Member	Party
	April 1640	Sir George Stonhouse, 3rd Baronet	Royalist
	January 1644	Stonhouse disabled to sit – seat vacant
	1645	John Ball (Died 1648)
	1649	Henry Neville
	1653	Abingdon was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
	1654	Thomas Holt
	1656
	January 1659	Sir John Lenthall
	May 1659	Henry Neville
	April 1660	Sir George Stonhouse, 3rd Baronet
	1675	Sir John Stonhouse, 2nd Bt
	January 1689	Thomas Medlycott Шаблон:Refn
	May 1689	John Southby Шаблон:Refn
	January 1690	Sir John Stonhouse, 2nd Bt
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	February 1690	Sir Simon Harcourt	Tory
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1705	Grey Neville	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1708	Sir Simon Harcourt Шаблон:Refn	Tory
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1709	William Hucks	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	October 1710	Sir Simon Harcourt	Tory
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	December 1710	James Jennings	Tory
	1713	Hon. Simon Harcourt
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1715	James Jennings	Tory
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1722	Robert Hucks	Whig
	1741	John Wright
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1747	John Morton Шаблон:Refn	Tory
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1770	Nathaniel Bayly	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1774	John Mayor Шаблон:Refn	Tory
	1782	Henry Howorth
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1783	Edward Loveden Loveden	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1796	Thomas Metcalfe	Tory
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1807	George Knapp	Whig
	1809	Henry Bowyer
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1811	Sir George Bowyer, 6th Bt	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1818	John Maberly	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1832	Thomas Duffield	Tory
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1834		Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1844 by-election	Sir Frederick Thesiger	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	July 1852 by-election	James Caulfeild	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	December 1852	Montagu Bertie	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1854 by-election	Joseph Haythorne Reed	Whig
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1857	John Thomas Norris	Radical
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1859		Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1865	Hon. Charles Lindsay	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1874	John Creemer Clarke	Liberal
	1885	Parliamentary borough abolished

MPs 1885–1983

After the abolition of the parliamentary borough of Abingdon, a new county division of Berkshire was created.

Election		Member	Party
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1885	Philip Wroughton	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1895	Archie Loyd	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1906	Edward Strauss	Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1910 (Jan)	Harold Henderson	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1916 by-election	Archie Loyd	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1918	John Tyson Wigan	Coalition Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1921 by-election	Arthur Loyd	Coalition Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1922		Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1923	Edward Lessing	Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1924	Sir Ralph Glyn, 1st Bt.	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1953 by-election	Airey Neave	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1979	Thomas Benyon	Conservative
	1983	Constituency abolished

Elections

Sources 1754–1784: Namier and Brooke; (parties) Stooks Smith. Positive swing is from Whig to Tory. Sources 1885–1900: House of Commons 1901.

• Seat vacated on appointment of Morton as Chief Justice of Chester

• On petition Nathaniel Bayly seated in place of John Morton, 8 February 1770

• Tory hold from previous general election; Tory gain from Whig, from change on petition.
• Election declared void, 6 March 1775

• Change is calculated from the previous general election.
• Resignation of Mayor.

• Death of Howorth

Elections in the 1840s

Duffield resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

Thesiger was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

Elections in the 1850s

Thesiger was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

Caulfeild's death caused a by-election.

Bertie succeeded to the peerage, becoming 6th Earl of Abingdon and causing a by-election.

Elections in the 1860s

Lindsay was appointed a Groom in Waiting to Queen Victoria, requiring a by-election.

Elections in the 1880s

Файл:Robert Purvis.jpg

Purvis

Elections in the 1900s

Файл:Edward Strauss.jpg

Edward Strauss

Elections in the 1940s

A General election was due to take place before the end of 1940, but was postponed due to the Second World War. By 1939, the following candidates had been selected to contest this constituency;

• Conservative: Ralph Glyn
• Liberal: A D Macdonald MC
• Labour: Frank W Bourne

See also

• List of UK Parliamentary constituencies 1955-1974 by region

Bibliography

• Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F. W. S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1972)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1974)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
• D. Brunton & D. H. Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke, The House of Commons 1754–1790 (London: HMSO 1964)
• J. E. Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
• Robert H O'Byrne, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland, Part II – Berkshire (London: John Ollivier, 1848)
• T. H. B. Oldfield, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
• Henry Pelling, Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910 (London: Macmillan, 1967)
• J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
• Edward Porritt and Annie G Porritt, The Unreformed House of Commons (Cambridge University Press, 1903)
• Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50; 2nd edition edited in one volume by F.W.S. Craig, Political Reference Publications, 1973)
• Frederic A Youngs, jr, "Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol I" (London: Royal Historical Society, 1979)
• Шаблон:Rayment-hc