Английская Википедия:Abound Solar
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox company
Abound Solar was a manufacturer of cadmium telluride modules–a thin-film photovoltaic technology–based in the United States.[1] It operated a production facility in Longmont, Colorado. The company was incorporated as AVA Solar in 2007 and was rebranded as Abound Solar in March 2009. In 2012 the company laid off almost half its employees before suspending operations and filing for bankruptcy.[2]
History
Abound Solar's founders began researching thin-film deposition since the late 1980s. In 1991, W.S. Sampath, a professor at Colorado State University,[3] patented a process for low-cost metal deposition within a vacuum. Al Enzenroth, Kurt Barth,[4] Professor Sampath settled upon cadmium telluride (CdTe) as the ideal photovoltaic material for low-cost solar module production.
By 1998, the team had developed a pilot production process featuring an inline, single-vacuum semiconductor deposition tool. Over the course of the next few years, the team continued to develop and refine the technology with strong support from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the National Science Foundation.
By 2004, the founding team had scaled up the technology glass panels of Шаблон:Convert in size. Federal funding from NREL and the Solar America Initiative enabled them to prove the viability of the technology. In 2006, AVA Solar, Inc. was formed with private funding from local angel investors to commercialize the technology.[5]
In early 2007, institutional investors discovered the company and the proprietary manufacturing process that had been developed.[6][7] Abound received a $400 million in loan guarantee from the U.S. Department of Energy in 2010.[8]
In 2012 the company laid off almost half its employees.[9][10] On June 28, 2012, Abound Solar announced that it would suspend operations and file for bankruptcy protection.[11] Abound filed for bankruptcy in July 2012.[8]
Technology
Abound Solar produced cadmium telluride thin-film solar modules using a proprietary closed-space sublimation technology developed at Colorado State University.[12]
Production
In April 2008, Abound Solar took possession of a Longmont, Colorado-area building previously used by Applied Films. Within weeks preparations were made to renovate the facility and construct the largest thin-film solar module manufacturing facility in the United States.[13]
Environmental controversy
In February 2013, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) issued a compliance advisory (an "informal enforcement action") to the company, requiring that it clean up some 2,000 "unsellable" pallets of solar panels containing cadmium, a toxic carcinogen, as well as drums of cadmium-contaminated fluids.[14] The bankruptcy trustee for the company estimated the cost of the cleanup to be $2.2 million.[14] In July 2013, the Denver Post reported that the cleanup of the hazardous materials had been completed. It also reported that over 70,000 leftover solar panels, which were found to be viable, were shipped to a company called Best Safety Glass in Singapore.[15]
See also
References
Шаблон:Solar power in the United States
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Audit Report: The Department of Energy's Loan Guarantee to Abound Solar Manufacturing, LLC, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Inspector General. Office of Audits and Inspections, April 2014.
- ↑ MATTHEW MOSK < Abound Solar Lays off 180 February 29, 2012 ABC News
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Mark Jaffe, Colorado orders Abound Solar to clean up hazardous waste at four sites, Denver Post (February 25, 2013).
- ↑ Mark Jaffe, Bankrupt Abound Solar's toxic wastes cleaned at 4 Colorado facilities, Denver Post (July 8, 2013).
- Английская Википедия
- Thin-film cell manufacturers
- Solar energy companies of the United States
- Manufacturing companies based in Colorado
- American companies established in 2007
- Energy companies established in 2004
- Manufacturing companies established in 2004
- Renewable resource companies established in 2007
- 2007 establishments in Colorado
- Longmont, Colorado
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