Английская Википедия:Abu'l-Qasim ibn Hammud ibn al-Hajar
zth Abu'l-Qasim ibn Hammud ibn al-Hajar (Шаблон:Lang-ar) was a senior official or Qaid (Шаблон:Transl, Arabic for 'commander') of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily, and a leader of the Muslim community of Sicily.
Origin and family
Abu'l-Qasim ibn Hammud was an eminent person: the contemporary traveller Ibn Jubayr called him "the hereditary leader of the Muslims of Sicily",Шаблон:Sfn and the chronicler Hugo Falcandus calls him "the most noble and powerful of the Sicilian Muslims".Шаблон:Sfn The poet Ibn Qalaqis, who was his guest and client while on the island,Шаблон:Sfn claimed that Abu'l-Qasim descended from Muhammad via his daughter Fatimah and Ali ibn Abi Talib, the Idrisid dynasty of Morocco, and the Hammudid dynasty of al-Andalus.Шаблон:Sfn However, the explicit link between Abu'l-Qasim's family, the Banu Hajar, and the Hammudids is unknown, and although the claimed ancestors were Shi'a, Abu'l-Qasim himself was most likely Sunni, since he named his sons after the first three caliphs, casting doubts on Ibn Qalaqis' claims. Indeed, Abu'l-Qasim himself is recorded as claiming once to be descended from the Umayyad caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz.Шаблон:Sfn Several scholars have tried in the past to link Abu'l-Qasim's ancestry with a certain Chamutus, who defended Enna against the Norman conqueror Roger I in 1087, but this is not substantiated.Шаблон:Sfn
Abu'l-Qasim's father, Abu Abdallah Hammud, was also a Шаблон:Transl. He may be the Ibn Abi'l-Qasim who was the patron of Ibn Zafar al-Siqilli, and, to whom the latter dedicated his mirror for princes.Шаблон:Sfn Abu'l-Qasim's brother, Abu Ali Hasan, was a scholar and jurist (Шаблон:Transl).Шаблон:Sfn
Life
The historian Jeremy Johns suggests that Abu'l-Qasim ibn Hammud is first mentioned in a loan agreement of September 1162, where Шаблон:Lang ('the Qaid Abu'l-Qasim') is mentioned.Шаблон:Sfn In 1167, Abu'l-Qasim supported the master chamberlain, Richard the Qaid, in his designs against the chancellor, Stephen du Perche. Falcandus claims that this was because Stephen seemed to favour his rival, the Qaid Sedictus, "the richest of the Muslims" (possibly to be identified with al-Sadid Abu'l-Makarim Hibat Allah ibn al-Husri).Шаблон:Sfn
Abu'l-Qasim was a patron of scholars and poets, including Ibn Qalaqis, the poet al-Umawi, and the Шаблон:Transl Abu Ali Hasan ibn Hammud. Other members of this circle were the judge (Шаблон:Transl) Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Raja and members of the court and government such as Richard the Qaid, the military commander Gharat ibn Jawshan, or the scholar (Шаблон:Transl) Abu Amr Uthman ibn al-Muhadhdhib al-Judhami.Шаблон:Sfn
Abu'l-Qasim clearly had a position at the royal council (Шаблон:Transl in Arabic), being mentioned twice as its member in documents, in June 1168 and again in November 1173,Шаблон:Sfn while Ibn Qalaqis compared him to legendary administrators such as Abd al-Hamid ibn Yahya, or the Buyid viziers Abu'l-Fadl Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, Abu'l-Qasim Isma'il ibn al-Abbas, and Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Hilal.Шаблон:Sfn He appears to have fallen from favour at court sometime after, but, according to Ibn Jubayr, in 1184/5 he was still occasionally employed in government affairs.Шаблон:Sfn By that time, Abu'l-Qasim had become disillusioned with the prospects of continued Norman rule for the Muslims of Sicily, as the Norman kings exerted pressure on Muslims to convert to Christianity. In 1175, he is known to have sent letters to Saladin urging him to conquer Sicily, and a decade later, shortly before he was met by Ibn Jubayr, he was accused of sending similar proposals to the Almohads of Morocco, and was forced to pay fines and surrender much of his property.Шаблон:Sfn
His subsequent fate is unknown, but only four years after his meeting with Ibn Jubayr, the first of a series of Muslim rebellion broke out in Sicily, that would eventually lead to the complete eradication of Islam from the island. Some of his descendants certainly remained on the island, but with Christian names, in the 13th century.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Year of birth unknown
- Year of death unknown
- 12th-century births
- 12th-century Sicilian people
- 12th-century Arab people
- Sicilian Arabs
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
