Английская Википедия:Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-‘Abbās al-Ṣūlī (Arabic: Шаблон:Lang) (born c. 870 Gorgan – died between 941 and 948 Basra) was a Turkic scholar and a court companion of three Abbāsid caliphs: al-Muktafī, his successor al-Muqtadir, and later, al-Rāḍī, whom he also tutored. He was a bibliophile, wrote letters, editor-poet, chronicler, and a shatranj player.Шаблон:Sfn His contemporary biographer Isḥāq al-Nadīm tells us he was “of manly bearing.”Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He wrote many books, the most famous of which are Kitāb Al-Awrāq and Kitāb al-Shiṭranj.

Life

Abū Bakr al-Ṣūlī was born into an illustrious family of Turkic origin, his great-grandfather was the Turkic prince Sul-takin and his uncle was the poet Ibrahim ibn al-'Abbas as-Suli.[1] Al-Marzubānī, a principal pupil of al-Ṣūlī, who admired him and copied him in the art of compilation, borrowed much of al-Ṣūlī's material for his Kitāb al-Muwashshaḥ. Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī made extensive use of his material in his Kitāb al-Aghānī.Шаблон:Sfn On Caliph al-Rāḍī's death in 940, al-Ṣūlī fell into disfavour with the new ruler due to his Shi'a sympathies and he died hiding at al-Baṣrah,Шаблон:Sfn for having quoted a passage about ‘Alī , which caused a public scandal. Шаблон:Sfn

ChessШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Al-Ṣūlī was among a group of tenth-century chess players who wrote books about the game of shaṭranj, i.e. “chess”. Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Sfn

Al-Ṣūlī's books were:

Sometime between 902 and 908 al-Ṣūlī played and beat the reigning shaṭranj champion, al-Mawardī, at the court of Caliph al-Muktafī, and the Caliph of Baghdad. Al-Mawardī's loss of royal favour was al-Ṣūlī's gain. When al-Muktafī's died, al-Ṣūlī retained the favour of the succeeding rulers, Caliph al-Muqtadir and in turn Caliph al-Radi. His biographer Ibn Khallikan, (d. 1282), relates that even in his lifetime the phrase "to play like al-Ṣūlī" was to show great skill at shaṭranj. His endgame strategies are still studied. Contemporary biographer mention his skill in blindfold chess. Al-Ṣūlī also taught shaṭranj. Many later European writersШаблон:Who based their work on modern chess on al-Suli's work.

Other Chess players/authors in the GroupШаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:SndKitāb al-Shiṭranj (Шаблон:Lang) ‘Chess’, the first book on chess,Шаблон:Refn and; Шаблон:SndAl-Nard, wa Isbābha wa-al-La’ab bīha (Шаблон:Lang). 'Al-Nard Its Elements and Play'.Шаблон:Refn

Шаблон:SndKitāb latīf fī al- Shiṭranj (Шаблон:Lang) ‘A Delightful Book about Chess.’

Шаблон:SndManṣūbāt al-Shiṭranj (Шаблон:Lang) ‘The Stratagems of Chess.’

  • Ibn al-Uqlīdasī Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ, one of the most skilful chess players, who wrote A Collection of the Stratagems of Chess.Шаблон:Sfn

Al-Suli's Diamond

Шаблон:Chaturanga diagram

Al-Ṣūlī's shaṭranj problem, called "Al-Ṣūlī's Diamond", went unsolved for over a thousand years.[2] As this is shaṭranj, the "queen" (counsellor) is a very weak piece, able to move only a single square diagonally. It is possible to win in shaṭranj by capturing all pieces except the king, unless the opponent is able to do the same on the next move.

Шаблон:Blockquote

David Hooper and Ken Whyld studied this problem in the mid-1980s but were unable to crack it. It was finally solved by Russian Grandmaster Yuri Averbakh.[3][4] The solution, starting with 1. Kb4, is given in Hans Ree's "The Human Comedy of Chess", and on the web.[5][6]

Works

Kitāb Al-Awrāq

Шаблон:Sndi) Kitāb al-Awrāķ (Section on Contemporary Poets): contains anthologies of poets of the Muḥadathūn (modern poets) and their diwans. Al-Ṣūlī was interested in the lesser known poets. Al-Mas'ūdī highly esteemed him for his unique recording of people and events. Of the fourteen poets al-Ṣūlī cites, Abān ibn ‘Abdal-Ḥamīd al-Lāḥiķī and Ashja ibn ‘Amr al-Sulamī are the best known. Part of Abān's versification of the Kalīla wa Dimna written for Yaḥyā ibn Khālid al-Barmakī is preserved and published in the edited Arabic edition by James Heyworth-Dunne (1934).Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Sndii) Akhbar al-Rāḍī wa'l-Muttaqī; chronicle covering a thirteen-year period of the reigns of the caliphs al-RāḍīШаблон:Emdashwhom al-Ṣūlī had tutored and been a close companion ofШаблон:Emdashand al-Muttaqī. It contains many fresh details of their reigns and the literary activities of the court.Шаблон:Sfn Although less famous than the histories of al-Mas'ūdī and Miskawayh, al-Ṣūlī's is an eyewitness-account of the transition to Buyid rule. The position of amir al-umara was created in 936 during al-Radi's caliphate, which devolved some caliphal executive powers to amirs (princes). The Buyid amirs later exerted these powers to establish their independent dynasty within the Caliphate and the Abbāsid's never regained their full power. However, al-Ṣūlī's account makes clear the limits of the devolved powers to the amirs.

Шаблон:Sndiii) Ash’ār Awlād al-Khulafā’ wa-Akhbāruhum; chronicle of the House of al-'Abbās who were poets.Шаблон:Sfn

Other WorksШаблон:Sfn

Dīwāns of Contemporary Poets edited by al-Ṣūlī Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Sfn

Legacy

Others who made use of content from al-Ṣūlī’s works:Шаблон:Sfn

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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