Английская Википедия:Abu Ja'far Muslim
Abū Jaʿfar Muslim ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Ḥusaynī (Шаблон:Lang-ar) (died 976/7) was a Husaynid and the most prominent member of the Шаблон:Transl families of Egypt during the late Ikhshidid dynasty and the early Fatimid Caliphate. His son Tahir ibn Muslim established the Sharifate of Medina.
Family
He was a descendant of Husayn ibn AliШаблон:EfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn through the Shiʻi Imam Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, who had settled in Medina after Husayn's death in the Battle of Karbala. There the Husaynids had become the most prominent local family, and in the early 10th century, some of them had migrated to Egypt.Шаблон:Sfn
Abu Ja'far had two younger brothers: Abu'l-Husayn Isa and Abu Muhammad Abd Allah, known as Akhu Muslim. The latter was a proud and haughty man who possessed military ability, as he was entrusted with commanding an army and gubernatorial office by the Ikhshidid strongman Abu al-Misk Kafur.Шаблон:Sfn Akhu Muslim later fell in with the QarmatiansШаблон:Sfn and became a determined enemy of the Fatimids until his death in 974.Шаблон:Sfn
Under the Ikhshidids
During the supremacy of Kafur in Egypt, Abu Ja'far was considered as the chief of the Шаблон:Transl.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Knowledgeable and cultured, he was an expert in Alid genealogical matters and is said to have transmitted hadiths.Шаблон:Sfn According to Thierry Bianquis, he was renowned for his "proverbial piety". Abu Ja'far's travails with Kafur's court fool, Sibawayh, who played pranks on him and called him a "Meccan paedophile" reveal, according to Bianquis, a humility of character bordering on pusillanimity.Шаблон:Sfn
Nevertheless, the same qualities made him a much sought-after as a mediator and conciliator in factional squabbles among the elite.Шаблон:Sfn During the turbulent period that followed Kafur's death in April 968, he mediated between the vizier Ja'far ibn al-Furat—a scholar, extremely pious, patron of the Шаблон:Transl, and close friend of Abu Ja'farШаблон:Sfn—and the other factions to arrive at a power-sharing arrangement.Шаблон:Sfn It was likewise his intervention with Ibn al-Furat that secured the release of Ibn al-Furat's rival Ya'qub ibn Killis,Шаблон:Sfn while in February 969, his intercession secured the release of Ibn al-Furat, who had been imprisoned by Emir al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tughj.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Under the Fatimids
During the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, he led the delegation of notables from Fustat that met with the Fatimid commander Jawhar to negotiate the surrender of the city and Egypt to him and secure a writ of sureties (Шаблон:Transl).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As the Ikhshidid troops briefly resisted the Fatimid advance, the Шаблон:Transl was void, and Abu Ja'far was tasked with approaching Jawhar to secure its renewal. Jawhar agreed, and charged Abu Ja'far Muslim with its upkeep, even giving him the right to issue personal writs of Шаблон:Transl as he saw fit in Jawhar's name.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Abu Ja'far latter appears to have retained his contacts in the Hejaz, and possibly enjoyed some authority in Medina; certainly the Husaynids of Medina quickly recognized the Fatimids, with the Шаблон:Transl being read in the name of Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah in 969 or 970, and even assisted them in imposing their control over Mecca as well.Шаблон:Sfn
When al-Mu'izz moved his court from Ifriqiya to Egypt in 973, Abu Ja'far went to Alexandria at the head of a delegation of notables to meet and accompany him during the last part of his journey to Cairo.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Fatimid ruler showed particular care for Abu Ja'far, insisting that he ride a palanquin, since the hot June sun and the ongoing Ramadan fast made travel difficult for a man of his years.Шаблон:Sfn Al-Mu'izz continued Jawhar's policy of accommodating the Шаблон:Transl after he arrived in Egypt, and heaped honours on Abu Ja'far Muslim.Шаблон:Sfn
This privileged relationship was strained during the Qarmatian invasion of 974. Not only was Abu Ja'far's brother Akhu Muslim one of the chief Qarmatian leaders, but several of the younger Шаблон:Transl, including Abu Ja'far's own son Ja'far, left Fustat to join the invaders.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn During the mobilization to save the capital from the Qarmatians, however, when the entire male population was called to arms, al-Mu'izz made an exception for Abu Ja'far.Шаблон:Sfn
Nevertheless, soon after, Abu Ja'far refused to sanction the marriage of his daughter and the Caliph's son.Шаблон:Sfn According to some accounts al-Mu'izz then had Abu Ja'far thrown in prison, and he was saved from a worse fate only through the appeal on his behalf of the Шаблон:Transl of Mecca.Шаблон:Sfn However, other sources such as Ibn Khaldun and Ibn Taghribirdi refute this.Шаблон:Sfn At any rate, when he died in 976/7 CE (366 AH), his funeral was attended by al-Mu'izz's successor, al-Aziz Billah.Шаблон:Sfn
Offspring
Shortly after his death, his son, Tahir, returned to Medina, where he was recognized as the leader of the Шаблон:Transl of the city and became the first in a long series of Husaynid emirs (also known as sharifs) of the city.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Sources
- Английская Википедия
- 970s deaths
- Year of birth unknown
- Year of death uncertain
- 10th-century Arab people
- Banu Muhanna
- People under the Ikhshidid dynasty
- Prisoners and detainees of the Fatimid Caliphate
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