Английская Википедия:Abu Salama Hafs ibn Sulayman al-Khallal
Шаблон:Short description Abu Salama Hafs ibn Sulayman al-Khallal was an anti-Umayyad missionary and one of the principal leaders of the Hashimiyya movement, that launched the Abbasid Revolution. During September–November 749 he was the de facto ruler of Kufa and of the movement, and tried to install an Alid as caliph at the head of the Revolution. His efforts failed, and the Khurasani army instead recognized the Abbasid al-Saffah as caliph. He remained in office, but was assassinated by the Abbasids shortly after due to his pro-Alid leanings.
Life
Hailing from Kufa, Abu Salama was originally a slave, before being freed.Шаблон:Sfn In Шаблон:Circa, following the death of Bukayr ibn Mahan, he became the leader of the missionary movement (Шаблон:Transl) of the Hashimiyya in Kufa.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Hashimiyya was an underground movement that opposed the ruling Umayyad dynasty as oppressive and un-Islamic, and was at the time led by members of the Abbasid family. However, they remained in the background, and the movement instead operated in the name of a shadowy 'chosen one from the Family of Muhammad' (Шаблон:Transl), reflecting the widely-held expectation for a quasi-messianic figure that would have the divine guidance necessary to rule according to the Quran and the Sunnah and create a truly Islamic government that would bring justice to the Muslim community.Шаблон:Sfn
The Khurasani forces of the Abbasid Revolution arrived at Kufa in August 749, defeating the Umayyad forces on their way. The city rose up in revolt and opened its gates to the Khurasanis on 2 September.Шаблон:Sfn Members of the Abbasid clan started flocking to Kufa as soon as it was freed from Umayyad rule.Шаблон:Sfn While its military forces were victorious, the Hashimiyya at this point had been left leaderless, as its hidden imam, the Abbasid Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, had been executed by the Umayyads at Harran.Шаблон:Sfn Ibrahim is said by some sources to have nominated his brother, Abu'l-Abbas, as his successor.Шаблон:Sfn However, Abu Salama did not appear ready to accept either Abu'l-Abbas or any other Abbasid as his leader, instead favouring installing an Alid as the leader of the victorious movement. As a result, he ordered the Abbasids to remain in hiding, and even refused to cover their travel costs.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
With the Revolution triumphant, Abu Salama was hailed by the troops and people as Шаблон:Transl ('Helper of the House of Muhammad')—from which the Abbasid vizierate would draw its name a generation laterШаблон:Sfn—and took over government, while the followers of the Hashimiyya expected him to reveal the identity of the eagerly awaited 'chosen one'.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
To that end, Abu Salama went to the Khurasani encampment at A'yan,Шаблон:Sfn and opened negotiations with various Alid candidates, hoping to become the effective king-maker.Шаблон:Sfn However, all of the candidates approached—Ja'far al-Sadiq, Abdallah ibn al-Hasan, and Umar ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn—either flatly refused or hesitated to accept and negotiated for better terms.Шаблон:Sfn While this went on, one of the Khurasani commanders, Abu'l-Jahm, realised Abu Salama's plans and moved to thwart them: twelve prominent army leaders rode into Kufa, presented themselves to Abu'l-Abbas, and pledged allegiance (Шаблон:Transl) to him as caliph.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Abu Salama had to bow to events, and also recognized Abu'l-Abbas. On the next day, 28 November, Abu'l-Abbas was publicly proclaimed caliph with the regnal name of al-Saffah.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The new caliph retained Abu Salama as his chief minister, but nevertheless remained suspicious of his sincerity, and immediately began planning to eliminate him.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn First he contacted the chief leader of the Revolution and ruler of Khurasan, Abu Muslim, to secure his consent, as Abu Muslim and Abu Salama had been old comrades. Abu Muslim not only agreed, but even provided the man to do the job. Abu Salama was murdered, and the deed blamed on Kharijite renegades.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:The First Dynasty of Islam
- Шаблон:The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
- Шаблон:EI2
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
