Английская Википедия:Abun language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Abun, also known as Yimbun, Anden, Manif, or Karon Pantai, is a Papuan language spoken by the Abun people along the northern coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula in Sausapor District, Tambrauw Regency. It is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) assigned it to the West Papuan family, based on similarities in pronouns,[1] Palmer (2018), Ethnologue, and Glottolog list it as a language isolate.[2][3][4]
Abun used to have three lexical tones, but only two are distinguished now as minimal pairs and even these are found in limited vocabulary. Therefore, Abun is said to be losing its tonality due to linguistic change.[5]
Being spoken along the coast of northwestern New Guinea, Abun is in contact with Austronesian languages; maritime vocabulary in Abun has been borrowed from Biak.[6]
Setting and dialects
The speakers number about 3,000 spread across 18 villages and several isolated hamlets. The Abun area occupies a stretch of the northern coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula. The neighbouring languages are Moi to the southwest along the coast, Moraid and Karon Dori to the south (the latter is a dialect of Maybrat), and Mpur to the east.Шаблон:Sfn
The Abun speakers refer to their language as either Abun or Anden. Several other names are in use by neighbouring groups: the Moi call it Madik, the Mpur refer to it as Yimbun or Yembun, while among the Шаблон:Link-interwiki it is known as Karon Pantai, a term with derogatory connotations.Шаблон:Sfn
Abun has four distinct dialects: Abun Tat, Abun Ye, and the two dialects of Abun Ji. The two Abun Ji dialects are differentiated by their use of /r/ or /l/. Abun exists on a dialect continuum from Abun Tat to Abun Ji /l/: speakers of Abun Tat are less able to understand Abun Ji than Abun Ye.Шаблон:Sfn
Phonology
Abun has 5 vowels: /i, e, ɑ, o, u/.Шаблон:Sfn
Tones
Abun has three lexical tones, which are high, mid, and low. A minimal set showing all three tones:[6]
High/rising tones can also be used to mark plurals (Berry & Berry 1999:21).
- ndam 'bird', ndám 'birds'
- nu 'house', nú 'houses'
- gwa 'taro tuber', gwá 'taro tubers'
Grammar
Abun has bipartite negation like French, using the pre-predicate negator yo and post-predicate negator nde. Both are obligatory.[6]Шаблон:Rp Example:
Like the other language isolates of the northern Bird's Head Peninsula, Abun is a heavily isolating language, with many one-to-one word-morpheme correspondences, as shown in the example sentence below.[6]
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from Miedema & Welling (1985)[7] and Voorhoeve (1975),[8] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[9]
gloss Abun
(Karon Pantai dialect)Abun
(Senopi dialect)Abun
(Jembun dialect)head məsu tana mesu hair go mauwyan usugo eye ŋgro tasu da tooth sios jasièm mesos leg kwes taow mengwès louse mim xatè dog ndar (n)dax dar pig yot fani nox; yot bird namgau eruː daːm egg bem yayuf beːm blood nde mès dè bone dini tey diniéː skin da tarak menda tree kew ara key man bris raysmiː yeːtu sun kam ayom kaːm water sur aya sur fire bot tafox boːt stone jok fra yok name gum tasom tagum eat git téyt mengi one dik sow dik two we ai wè
References
Sources
External links
Шаблон:Papuan languages Шаблон:West Papuan languages Шаблон:Languages of Indonesia
- ↑ Шаблон:Malcolm Ross Pronouns
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокe25не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Miedema, J. and Welling, F.I. "Fieldnotes on languages and dialects in the Kebar district, Bird's Head, Irian Jaya". In Adams, K., Lauck, L., Miedema, J., Welling, F., Stokhof, W., Flassy, D., Oguri, H., Collier, K., Gregerson, K., Phinnemore, T., Scorza, D., Davies, J., Comrie, B. and Abbott, S. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 22. A-63:29-52. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1985. Шаблон:Doi
- ↑ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. Шаблон:Doi
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
