Английская Википедия:Acasta-class destroyer

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The Acasta class (in September 1913 re-designated the K class) was a class of twenty destroyers built for the Royal Navy under the Naval Programme of 1911 - 1912 that saw service during World War I. They were the last class of Royal Navy destroyers to have mixed names with no systematic theme (see naming conventions for destroyers of the Royal Navy for more information.) When the class was designated as "K", names beginning with that letter were allocated to the ships but never used.[Note 1][1] The class saw extensive wartime service and seven were lost, including four at the Battle of Jutland.

Design

The Acastas were larger and heavier armed than the preceding H and I classes (Шаблон:Sclass and Шаблон:Sclass, respectively), displacing about 25% more and with the mixed calibre armament replaced with a uniform fit of QF 4-inch guns, which the Acastas introduced. Previous Шаблон:Convert weapons had been of the breech-loading (BL) type. The 4-in guns were shipped one on the forecastle and one at the stern, as in the Acheron class, while the third was variously sited on the centreline between the two torpedo tubes or abaft both.[2] All ships had three funnels, the foremost being tall and narrow, the second short and wide and the third level with the second but narrower. The foremost torpedo tube was sited between the second and third funnels, a distinctive feature of this class.

There were twelve 'standard' vessels built to a common Admiralty design,[3] and eight builders' specials that (except for Garland) had a shorter, less beamy hull; five of the latter were from Thornycroft with Шаблон:Convert (one of Thornycroft's ships, Шаблон:HMS, was planned to diesel cruising motors, but these were not ready in time and Hardy was completed with Thornycroft's standard machinery).[4] One by Parsons (Шаблон:HMS) had semi-geared turbines[5] giving a speed of Шаблон:Convert on trials, with a seventh from Fairfields had a clipper bow. The eighth 'special' was Шаблон:HMS by William Denny, Dumbarton, which was built using longitudinal framing rather than conventional transverse framing. While ArdentШаблон:'s novel construction seems to have been a success, no more destroyers were built for the Royal Navy using longitudinal framing until the J-class destroyers in the 1930s.[5][6]

Service

At the outbreak of World War I until mid-1916, the Acastas were serving in the Grand Fleet as the 4th Destroyer Flotilla, with Шаблон:HMS as leader. By the time of the Battle of Jutland the leader was the Шаблон:Sclass Шаблон:HMS, with Ardent, Fortune, Shark and Sparrowhawk lost in the course of the battle[7] and Acasta was so badly damaged that she had to be practically rebuilt. After Jutland the remainder of the flotilla moved to the Humber and then to Portsmouth by the end of 1916, before dispersing, some ships to the 6th Destroyer Flotilla and the Dover Patrol and the remainder to Devonport. All survivors of the war were sold out of service for scrapping by 1921.

Ships

Admiralty K class

Name Ship Builder[8] Laid down[8] Launched[8] Completed[8] Fate
Шаблон:HMS John Brown & Co., Clydebank 1 December 1911 10 September 1912 November 1912 Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS John Brown 15 January 1912 14 November 1912 March 1913 Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS John Brown 7 March 1912 25 January 1913 June 1913 Sold for breaking up 6 September 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Hawthorn Leslie & Co., Newcastle 16 October 1911 29 August 1912 November 1912 Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Hawthorn Leslie 23 October 1911 8 November 1912 March 1913 Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Hawthorn Leslie 26 December 1911 7 January 1913 June 1913 Torpedoed and sunk by German U-boat in the Western Approaches 18 September 1917.[10]
Шаблон:HMS Harland & Wolff, Govan 18 January 1912 20 March 1913 January 1914 Mined and sunk in Moray Firth by mine laid from German raider Meteor 9 August 1915.[10]
Midge Harland & Wolff, Govan 1 April 1912 22 May 1913 March 1913 Sold for breaking up 5 November 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Harland & Wolff, Govan 1 April 1913 7 May 1913 April 1914 Sold for breaking up 5 November 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson,
Wallsend		 18 October 1911 30 July 1912 3 April 1913 Disabled by gunfire and torpedoed and sunk at Battle of Jutland 31 May 1916.[10]
Шаблон:HMS Swan, Hunter 25 October 1911 12 October 1912 2 May 1913 Collided with Шаблон:HMS at Battle of Jutland and torpedoed by Шаблон:HMS 1 June 1916.[10]
Шаблон:HMS Swan, Hunter 20 December 1911 23 December 1912 19 June 1913 Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[9]

K-class Builders' specials

Name Ship Builder[8] Laid down[8] Launched[8] Completed[8] Fate
Шаблон:HMS William Denny & Br., Dumbarton 9 October 1912 8 September 1913 February 1914 Sunk by secondary gunfire from German dreadnought Шаблон:SMS at Battle of Jutland 1 June 1916.[10]
Шаблон:HMS Fairfield, Govan 24 June 1912 17 May 1913 December 1913 Sunk by secondary gunfire from German dreadnought SMS Westfalen at Battle of Jutland on night of 31 May / 1 June 1916.[10]
Шаблон:HMS Parsons Turbine, Wallsend
(hull sub-contracted to Cammell Laird, Birkenhead)		 15 July 1912 23 April 1913 December 1913 Sold for breaking up 6 September 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Thornycroft, Woolston 13 November 1911 10 October 1913 September 1913 Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Thornycroft 14 March 1912 21 February 1913 December 1913 Torpedoed and sunk by German destroyer in action in the Straits of Dover 18 March 1917.[10]
Шаблон:HMS Thornycroft 14 March 1912 21 July 1913 January 1914 Sold 23 February 1920 back to Thornycroft for resale to Brazil; became Brazilian Alexandrino Deaenca, later Maranhao.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Thornycroft 1 April 1912 18 September 1913 March 1914 Sold for breaking up 25 October 1922.[9]
Шаблон:HMS Thornycroft 1 April 1912 28 November 1913 June 1914 Sold for breaking up 20 January 1923.[9]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

  • Brown, David K., The Grand Fleet: Warship Design and Development 1906–1922. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing, 2010. Шаблон:ISBN.
  • Maurice Cocker, Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981, 1983, Ian Allan Шаблон:ISBN
  • Friedman, Norman, British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War, Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing, 2009. Шаблон:ISBN.

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Acasta class destroyer Шаблон:WWI British ships

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  1. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 129.
  2. ↑ March. British Destroyers, pp. 125, 129, 130.
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 126–129.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Friedman 2009, p. 127.
  6. ↑ Brown 2010, pp. 70–71.
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 8,6 8,7 Friedman 2009, pp. 306–307.
  9. ↑ 9,00 9,01 9,02 9,03 9,04 9,05 9,06 9,07 9,08 9,09 9,10 9,11 9,12 Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 10,5 10,6 Шаблон:Cite web
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