Английская Википедия:Acentric factor

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The acentric factor Шаблон:Math is a conceptual number introduced by Kenneth Pitzer in 1955, proven to be useful in the description of fluids.[1] It has become a standard for the phase characterization of single & pure components, along with other state description parameters such as molecular weight, critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical volume (or critical compressibility).

Pitzer defined Шаблон:Math from the relationship

<math>\omega = - \log_{10} (p^{\rm{sat}}_r) - 1, {\rm \ at \ } T_r = 0.7</math>

where <math>p^{\rm{sat}}_r = \frac{p^{\rm{sat}}}{p_c}</math> is the reduced saturation vapor pressure and <math>T_r = \frac{T}{T_c}</math> is the reduced temperature.

The acentric factor is said to be a measure of the non-sphericity (centricity) of molecules.[2] As it increases, the vapor curve is "pulled" down, resulting in higher boiling points. For many monatomic fluids, <math>p_r^{\rm{sat}}{\rm \ at \ } T_r = 0.7</math> is close to 0.1, which leads to <math>\omega \to 0</math>. In many cases, <math>T_r = 0.7</math> lies above the boiling temperature of liquids at atmosphere pressure.

Values of Шаблон:Math can be determined for any fluid from accurate experimental vapor pressure data. The definition of Шаблон:Math gives values which are close to zero for the noble gases argon, krypton, and xenon. <math>\omega</math> is also very close to zero for molecules which are nearly spherical.[2] Values of Шаблон:Math correspond to vapor pressures above the critical pressure, and are non-physical.

The acentric factor can be predicted analytically from some equations of state. For example, it can be easily shown from the above definition that a van der Waals fluid has an acentric factor of about −0.302024, which if applied to a real system would indicate a small, ultra-spherical molecule.[3]

Values of some common gases

Molecule Acentric Factor[4]
Acetone 0.304[5]
Acetylene 0.187
Ammonia 0.253
Argon 0.000
Carbon Dioxide 0.228
Decane 0.484
Ethanol 0.644[5]
Helium -0.390
Hydrogen -0.220
Krypton 0.000
Methanol 0.556[5]
Neon 0.000
Nitrogen 0.040
Nitrous Oxide 0.142
Oxygen 0.022
Xenon 0.000

See also

References


Шаблон:Thermodynamics-stub