Английская Википедия:Acorn-class destroyer

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The Acorn class (officially redesignated the H class in 1913) was a class of twenty destroyers of the Royal Navy all built under the 1909-1910 Programme, and completed between 1910 and 1911. The Acorns served during World War I.

Design

After the coal-burning Шаблон:Sclass of the 1908–1909 shipbuilding programme, the British Admiralty decided to return to oil-fuelled machinery, as pioneered in the Шаблон:Sclass2 of 1905 and Шаблон:HMS of 1907, for the destroyers to be built under the 1909–1910 programme, which became the Acorn class.[1] This change allowed a smaller vessel than the Beagles even with an increase in armament.[2][3]

While the detailed design of earlier destroyer classes was left to the builders resulting in individual ships differing considerably, this changed for the Acorns, where a standard hull design was used, allowing more shipyards to bid for orders, thus driving down costs, while reducing the time and effort required for the Admiralty to check and approve each builder's designs. Machinery design, however, was still left to the builders, although it had to fit into the space allowed in the standard design.[1][4][5] They had a reasonably uniform appearance, with three funnels, a tall, thin fore funnel, a short, thick central and a short narrow after stack.[3][6]

The ships were Шаблон:Convert long between perpendiculars and Шаблон:Convert overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of between Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert depending on load. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.[7] Nineteen of the twenty ships of the Acorn class had three propeller shafts driven by Parsons steam turbines, fed by four boilers (White-Forster boilers in the three J. Samuel White-built ships, (Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS), Yarrow boilers in the remaining ships), with the boiler out-takes routed to three funnels. The remaining ship of the class, the John Brown & Company-built Шаблон:HMS, had a two shaft arrangement powered by Brown-Curtis impulse turbines. The ships were required to reach Шаблон:Convert, the same speed as the Beagle class, which was expected to need Шаблон:Convert.[1][8][lower-alpha 1] The ships had a crew of 72 officers and men.[1]

The revised machinery layout freed up deck space, allowing heavier armament to be carried.[9] Gun armament consisted of two [[BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII|Шаблон:Convert BL Mk VIII]] guns,[lower-alpha 2] one on the ship's forecastle and one aft, and two 12-pounder (76 mm) QF 12 cwt guns[lower-alpha 3] carried in the waist position between the first two funnels.[1][8] Unlike the Beagles, the forecastle gun was not raised on a bandstand, as it was felt that in heavy seas this generated additional spray.[8] As with the Beagles, torpedo armament consisted of two [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert]] torpedo tubes, with two reload torpedoes carried, although the tubes were longer, allowing more modern torpedoes to be carried. The torpedo tubes were aft of the funnels, mounted singly with a searchlight position between them.[8] Wartime modifications included the addition of a 3-pounder (47 mm) Vickers anti-aircraft gun and depth charges.[1][10]

The Acorns were followed, in the 1910-11 Programme, by the Шаблон:Sclass (later known as the 'I' class).

Service

Файл:HMS Hope.jpg
HMS Hope, c. 1914

On commissioning, between December 1910 and February 1912, the ships of the class joined the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla of the Royal Navy's Home Fleet, replacing Шаблон:Sclass2s.[1] They were officially redesignated the H class in October 1913 as part of a general re-designation of the Royal Navy's destroyers.[11]

The ships of the class remained members of the 2nd Flotilla on the outbreak of the First World War, when the flotilla became part of the Grand Fleet. Some ships of the class were sent to the Mediterranean in 1915, with all surviving ships eventually being transferred there. Two of the class (Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS) were loaned to the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1917, being renamed Sendan and Kanran, and were returned in 1919. Three ships of the class were lost during the war, one (Шаблон:HMS) ran aground at Start Point in Sanday, one of the Orkney Islands, in 1915, while the other two ships, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, were sunk by enemy submarines in the Mediterranean.[1][12]

Following the end of the war, the Royal Navy quickly disposed of large numbers of older ships, including the Acorn class. All remaining ships of the class had been sold for scrap by the end of 1921.[12][13]

Ships

Name Builder Laid down Launch date Completed Fate
Шаблон:HMS John Brown and Company, Clydebank 12 January 1910 1 July 1910 December 1910.[14] Sold for breaking up 29 November 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS John Brown and Company, Clydebank 7 February 1910 29 August 1910 March 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS John Brown and Company, Clydebank 21 February 1910 20 September 1910 June 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 15 November 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Govan 6 December 1909, 2 June 1910 December 1910.[14] Sold for breaking up 15 November 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Govan 1 February 1910 23 June 1910 June 1911.[14] Torpedoed and sunk by Austrian U-boat in the Mediterranean 6 August 1918.[12]
Шаблон:HMS A. & J. Inglis, Pointhouse, Glasgow 3 March 1910 25 April 1911 February 1912.[14] Sold for breaking up 4 November 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Govan 23 February 1910 12 July 1910 February 1911.[14] Wrecked in fog on Start Point, Sanday, Orkney on the night of 18–19 February 1915.[15]
Шаблон:HMS Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Wallsend 9 December 1909 6 September 1910 March 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up at Malta in February 1920.[12]
Шаблон:HMS John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston 8 December 1909 23 August 1910 February 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston 8 December 1909 4 October 1910 February 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston 21 December 1909 15 December 1910 March 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 21 August 1920 at Malta.[12]
Шаблон:HMS John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston 11 March 1910 2 February 1911 May 1911. Loaned to Imperial Japanese Navy from June 1917 to 1919 as Шаблон:Nihongo.[14] Sold for breaking up 1 December 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS R. W. Hawthorn Leslie & Company, Hebburn 24 November 1911 9 August 1910 March 1911 Loaned to Imperial Japanese Navy from June 1917 to 1919 as Шаблон:Nihongo.[14] Sold for breaking up 26 November 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS R. W. Hawthorn Leslie & Company, Hebburn 3 December 1912 6 September 1910 March 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 1 December 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS R. W. Hawthorn Leslie & Company, Hebburn 8 December 1909 31 January 1911 May 1911[14] Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS J. Samuel White & Company, Cowes 10 December 1909 24 June 1910 February 1911 Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS J. Samuel White & Company, Cowes 21 December 1909 22 August 1910 March 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS J. Samuel White & Company, Cowes 15 February 1910 4 November 1910 7 April 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton 15 January 1910 18 January 1911 19 May 1911.[14] Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.[12]
Шаблон:HMS William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton 15 January 1910 29 October 1910 March 1911.[14] Torpedoed and sunk by German U-boat SM UC-38 off Gaza, Palestine 11 November 1917.[12][15]
Файл:HMS Liverpool tows HMS Audacious.jpg
Fury (dark, centre picture) and Шаблон:HMS try to take the sinking battleship Шаблон:HMS in tow. The view is from the passenger areas of the liner Olympic, 27 October 1914

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Acorn class destroyer Шаблон:WWI British ships Шаблон:WWI Japanese ships

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 74.
  2. Brown 2010, p. 69.
  3. 3,0 3,1 Manning 1961, p. 57.
  4. Brown 2010, p. 68.
  5. Friedman 2009, pp. 118–119.
  6. Friedman 2009, p. 119.
  7. Friedman 2009, p. 295.
  8. 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 Friedman 2009, p. 122.
  9. Friedman 2009, p. 118.
  10. Friedman 2009, p. 147.
  11. Gardiner and Gray 1985, pp. 18, 74.
  12. 12,00 12,01 12,02 12,03 12,04 12,05 12,06 12,07 12,08 12,09 12,10 12,11 12,12 12,13 12,14 12,15 12,16 12,17 12,18 12,19 12,20 Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 61.
  13. Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 5.
  14. 14,00 14,01 14,02 14,03 14,04 14,05 14,06 14,07 14,08 14,09 14,10 14,11 14,12 14,13 14,14 14,15 14,16 14,17 14,18 Friedman 2009, p. 306.
  15. 15,0 15,1 Moore 1990, p. 314.


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