Английская Википедия:Active voice

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Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in nominative–accusative languages, including English and most other Indo-European languages. A verb in such languages is usually in the active voice when the subject of the verb performs the action named.

Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the main verb's agent. That is, the subject does the verb's designated action.[1] A clause whose agent is marked as grammatical subject is called an active clause. In contrast, a clause in which the subject has the role of patient or theme is named a passive clause, and its verb is expressed in passive voice. Many languages have both an active and a passive voice and this allows for greater flexibility in sentence construction, as either the semantic agent or patient may take the subject syntactic role.[2]

In a clause including an impersonal verb, the verb is active in form, but no agent is specified.

Examples

In the following examples, the active and passive voice are illustrated with pairs of sentences using the same transitive verb.

Language Active voice Passive voice
Afrikaans Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
English The dog bit the postal carrier. The postal carrier was bitten by the dog.
Dutch Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Arabic Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear
Estonian Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Finnish Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
French Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
German Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Italian Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Latin Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Korean Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear
Japanese Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear
Chinese Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear
Slovak Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Polish Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Spanish Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Swahili Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Swedish Шаблон:Interlinear Шаблон:Interlinear
Telugu Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear
Thai Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear
Filipino Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear
Cebuano Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear
Ilocano Шаблон:Fs interlinear Шаблон:Fs interlinear

See also

Шаблон:Portal

References

Шаблон:Reflist

  1. O'Grady, William, John Archibald, Mark Aronoff, and Janie Rees-Miller (eds.) (2001). Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction Fourth edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. Шаблон:ISBN
  2. Saeed, John (1997). Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell. Шаблон:ISBN