Английская Википедия:Acute aortic syndrome

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Infobox medical condition (new) Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) describes a range of severe, painful, potentially life-threatening abnormalities of the aorta.[1] These include aortic dissection, intramural thrombus, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer.[2] AAS can be caused by a lesion on the wall of the aorta that involves the tunica media, often in the descending aorta.[3] It is possible for AAS to lead to acute coronary syndrome.[4] The term was introduced in 2001.[5][6]

Signs and symptoms

The most common symptom of AAS is sudden and severe chest pain. However, other variants of chest pain and back pain have been described.[7]

Causes

Causes can include aortic dissection (which is the most common type),[8] intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer or a thoracic aneurysm that has become unstable.[9] The potential causes of AAS are life-threatening and present with similar symptoms, making it difficult to distinguish the ultimate cause, though high resolution, high contrast computerised tomography can be used.[9][10]

Diagnosis

The condition can be mimicked by a ruptured cyst of the pericardium,[11] ruptured aortic aneurysm[10] and acute coronary syndrome.[12]

Misdiagnosis is estimated at 39% and is associated with delays correct diagnosis and improper treatment with anticoagulants producing excessive bleeding and extended hospital stays.[12]

Management

AAS is life-threatening, with a high mortality rate if appearing acutely, reduced only when diagnosed early and treated by a surgeon with considerable expertise.[3] If patients survive acute presentation, within three to five years 30% will develop complications and require close follow-up.[3] Early diagnosis is essential for survival and management is challenging though greater awareness of the syndrome and improving management strategies are improving patient outcomes.[13]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Vascular diseases