Английская Википедия:Ada Ballin
Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox writer Ada Sarah Ballin (4 May 1863 – 14 May 1906) was an English author, journalist, editor, and lecturer. She was the editor and proprietor of the magazines Baby, Womanhood and Playtime, and published articles and books on health, child care, and dress reform.Шаблон:R
Biography
Early life and education
Ballin was born in the Bloomsbury neighbourhood of London to Jewish parents Annie (Шаблон:Nee; Шаблон:Circa–1891) and Isaac Ballin (Шаблон:Circa–1897).Шаблон:R Her father worked as a furrier and merchant in Bristol, before moving to London in 1859 or 1860.Шаблон:RШаблон:R Through her mother, Ballin was the niece of Celia Levetus and Marion Hartog, and a first cousin of Numa Edward Hartog, Marcus Hartog, Sir Philip Hartog, and Héléna Darmesteter.Шаблон:R
She entered University College, London in 1878—the first year it began admitting womenШаблон:R—at the age of 16. Though she was for some time the youngest student, at her entrance she was allowed to join many of the senior classes and in the case of one, was the only girl among thirty male students.Шаблон:R
She passed through a successful college career, gaining the prize in the senior Hebrew class (1879),Шаблон:R the Hollier Scholarship for Hebrew (1880),Шаблон:R Fielden Scholarships in French and German (1880–81),Шаблон:R the Heimann Silver Medal for German, an English composition prize,Шаблон:R and distinctions in philosophy of mind and logic.Шаблон:R She was the first woman to receive the Hollier Scholarship.Шаблон:R
During her time there she also studied public health.Шаблон:R Among her instructors were Professors George Croom Robertson, William Henry Corfield, and C. M. Campbell.Шаблон:RШаблон:R
Career
Ballin's first publication was A Hebrew Grammar with Exercises Selected from the Bible (1881), written conjointly with her younger brother, Francis Louis Ballin.Шаблон:R A review in the journal Hebraica praised the book as "a model of beauty so far as execution and arrangement go," but voiced doubts that "the ordinary student will be able to do satisfactory work with this grammar," since "the principles are stated in a confusing and disconnected manner."Шаблон:R
In November 1883, she published an article on children's clothing in the journal Health. At the recommendation of William Henry Corfield, Ballin was invited to deliver a lecture on the subject at the International Health Exhibition, which was presented before a crowded audience on 14 July 1884.Шаблон:R The National Health Society afterward appointed Ballin to be one of their regular lecturers. She contributed a series of articles on "Healthy Dress" for the newspaper Queen, which afterward formed the bulk of the volume The Science of Dress in Theory and Practice, published by Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington at the end of 1885.Шаблон:R
Ballin took over from Anna Kingsford as editor of the health and beauty section of the Lady's Pictorial magazine in July 1887.Шаблон:R That December, she brought out the first volume of the monthly illustrated journal Baby: The Mothers' Magazine,Шаблон:R which took a scientific approach to child rearing.Шаблон:RШаблон:R Throughout the 1890s she also wrote and edited a series of pamphlets in the Mothers' Guide series, including How to Feed our Little Ones (1895), Bathing, Exercise and Rest (1896), Early Education (1897), and Children's Ailments (1898).Шаблон:R Her work was part of an expanding market for child-care manuals which emphasized the potential dangers facing children, the ignorance of parents, and their need for parenting advice and instructions.[1] Although the major readership of such manuals were women, Ballin's audience included fathers as well, as revealed by her changing the term "Mother's Parliament" to "Parents' Parliament" in her magazine.[1] The regular and special contributors to Baby were often described as experts in their fields, and Ballin herself emphasized her position as "Lecturer to the National Health Society".Шаблон:R In its articles Baby presented itself as a source of scientific expertise and authority, but through its letters section and Ballin's responses to letters, some readers challenged the medicalization of motherhood.Шаблон:R
Ballin launched in December 1898 a monthly called Womanhood: The Magazine of Woman's Progress and Interests, Political, Legal, Social, and Intellectual, and of Health and Beauty Culture, aimed at the educated "New Woman,"Шаблон:R and in December 1900 the periodical Playtime: The Children’s Magazine.Шаблон:R The former focused largely on literature, science, health and beauty care, and achievements by women.Шаблон:RШаблон:R
Besides her work in the above areas, from 1883 until the death of Richard Proctor in 1888, Ballin contributed a series of articles on the evolution of languages to his paper Knowledge.Шаблон:R In the 1890s she also worked as a practitioner of electrolysis for the removal of hairs and blemishes.Шаблон:R When interviewed in 1890, Ballin worked at home in London. Her workspace was an "editorial den up in the roof", "far away from all disturbance." It was described as a "characteristic sanctum, full of papers, books, writing materials, and a thousand and one odds and ends, complimentary letters, editors’ epistles, MSS., and all the omnium gatherum which collect round a busy literary man or woman."[2]Шаблон:R In 1905 she was described as having consulting rooms at 18 Somerset Street, Portman Square, London.[3]
Personal life
Ballin married Alfred Thompson, a solicitor of London, on 21 September 1891,Шаблон:R and bore a daughter named Annie Isabella the following year.Шаблон:R She continued to use her maiden name for professional purposes.Шаблон:R They divorced in 1897, and on 25 April 1901 she married Oscar George Daniel Berry, a clerk at the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.Шаблон:R
Death and legacy
Ballin died on 14 May 1906, after falling from a first-floor window of her Portman Square home and becoming impaled on railings below.Шаблон:RШаблон:R The death was ruled accidental.Шаблон:R A memorial fund at the Great Ormond Street Hospital was established in her honour by a committee that included the Шаблон:Ill, the Шаблон:Ill, the Lord Byron, and Lucie Armstrong, among others.Шаблон:R
She bequeathed the management of her periodicals to her brother; Playtime and Womanhood both ceased publication after a year, but Baby continued to be published monthly until 1915.Шаблон:R
Views and reception
A number of Ballin's writings focused on themes of dress reform, and, while not formally associated with the Rational Dress Society, she championed many of the group's views.Шаблон:R She railed against the use of poisonous dyes and tight lacing, though she did not denounce corsetry completely.Шаблон:RШаблон:R Ballin favoured wool, not cotton or linen, and insisted that clothes for babies should cover every part of the body while leaving the arms free.Шаблон:RШаблон:R
She also advocated for the use of bifurcated skirts as women's underwear.Шаблон:R Underwear was a particularly fraught topic in dress reform, with connotations of both class and morality. Women's underclothing was associated with their sexual accessibility and their virtue or lack thereof. Not wearing physical corsets used to put women at risk of social stigma.[4] In The Science of Dress in Theory and Practice (1885) Ada Ballin wrote that "women—especially women in Society—dread, and have reason to dread, ridicule, and they would endure tortures rather than appear unfashionable."[4][5] Ballin sought to make clothing healthy while still being fashionable and argued that ignoring fashion would lead to the failure of the dress reform movement. She also acted as a consumer advocate, reporting that "most of the so-called 'hygienic clothing' which we see so largely advertised has no right whatever to the name it claims."[5] She lobbied manufacturers to improve their products and provided information about them to her readers.[5]
Baby was denounced by some medical journals, such as The Lancet, whose journalists were apprehensive of the potential deprofessionalization of medicine. Women's access to medical information was an area of tension, according to one historian, both over the question of whether medical literature was "appropriate" to female readers, and because the male medical establishment felt threatened by the practice of midwifery, the development of nursing as a profession, and public education in the areas of first aid and public health, all of which involved women.[6] Baby was also criticised by the medical profession because of its endorsements, as extensive advertisements and the discussions of Ballin and her readers promoted specific products.[6] The impact of the magazine and of reader's consumer choices is suggested by the entry of the term "Ballin Baby" into common use, to describe children whose parents followed BabyШаблон:’s product recommendations. The phrase may have referred predominantly to the observable aspect of children's clothing, but Ballin's influence on consumers clearly extended beyond clothing to lucrative markets such as baby foods.Шаблон:R
Partial bibliography
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References
Шаблон:Jewish Encyclopedia Шаблон:Reflist
- Английская Википедия
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- 1863 births
- 1906 deaths
- 19th-century English Jews
- 19th-century English women writers
- 19th-century English writers
- 19th-century British women writers
- 19th-century lexicographers
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- Alumni of University College London
- Beauticians
- British health and wellness writers
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- British people of French-Jewish descent
- Burials at Golders Green Jewish Cemetery
- Deaths by defenestration
- English fashion journalists
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