Английская Википедия:Adamantina Formation
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox Rockunit The Adamantina Formation is a geological formation in the Bauru Basin of western São Paulo state, in southeastern Brazil.
Its strata date back to the Late Cretaceous epoch of the Cretaceous Period, during the Mesozoic Era. The formation is part of the Bauru Group in the northeastern Paraná Basin.
Geology
Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the Adamantina Formation.[1] According to some studies,[2][3][4][5] the Adamantina Formation dates from the Turonian to the Santonian stage (90-83.5 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous, other studies have found a much younger age - Campanian to Maastrichtian (83.5-66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous.[6][7]
More recent studies lean into the latter category[8] and an unpublished article abstract revealed at the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in 2017 also argues that the Allen Formation, Loncoche, and Los Alamitos Formation are all contemporaries and are no later than 72.1Ma in age.[9] A zircon was found dating to 87.8 Ma, so this represents a maximum age.[10]
Geological setting
During the Early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangea started to drift apart due to the breakup of Gondwana and Laurasia.[11] The breakup of Gondwana caused the formation of the large Parana Basin. This basin has a size of ~1,100,000km2 and can be found not only in Brazil but also in Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.[12] The separation of the supercontinent and the breakup of Brazil and Africa was accompanied by volcanism that caused large eruptions of flood basalts. These volcanic rocks formed the Serra Geral Formation which underlies the deposits of the Bauru Group.[12]
The Bauru Basin is a trough that, as Miall (1990) argues,[13] evolved due to “thermo-mechanical subsidence” during the Late Cretaceous, probably due to the breakup of Africa and India.[11] The sediments reach a thickness of up to ~300 m and consist mainly of siliciclastic sediments.[14] The Bauru Group can be subdivided into five different formations [12][15][16][17] from bottom to top: Caiua, Santo Anastacio, Adamantina, and Uberaba. Not all formations are equally well represented in the different states and differences occur according their sedimentary composition and therefore also in their naming.[12]
Vertebrate paleofauna
Crurotarsans
| Crocodylomorphs of the Adamantina Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|
A. navae |
Six specimens and several isolated bone remains. |
| ||||
| Aphaurosuchus[19] | A. kaiju | Skull elements and teeth. | A baurusuchid. | |||
|
A. arrudai |
A notosuchian | |||||
|
B. franciscoi |
||||||
|
B. albertoi[7] |
||||||
|
B. pachechoi[22] |
A baurusuchid | |||||
|
B. salgadoensis[22] |
A baurusuchid | |||||
|
B. pachecoi[22] |
||||||
|
C. paulistanus |
||||||
|
C. dinizi |
A baurusuchid | |||||
|
C. pricei |
A sphagesaurid | |||||
|
R. paulistanus |
Known from teeth, splenials and dentaries. |
a member of itasuchidae, previously known as "Goniopholis" paulistanus | ||||
|
M. amarali[22] |
Very common. Several specimens - juvenile and adults – with skull articulated to skeleton, and many isolated materials. Eggs clutches, eggshells and coprolites was found also. |
A notosuchian | ||||
|
M. robustus[26] |
A notosuchian | |||||
|
M. arrudacamposi |
||||||
|
M. luziae |
A notosuchian | |||||
|
S. huenei[22] |
A sphagesaurid | |||||
|
S. montealtensis[6] |
A sphagesaurid | |||||
|
S. maxhechti |
A baurusuchid | |||||
Ornithodirans
Indeterminate dinosaur remains are known from the formation.[1]
| Dinosaurs of the Adamantina Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|
Abelisauridae[29] |
Indeterminate |
"fragment of rt. premaxilla and a tooth" |
| |||
|
A. mezzalirai |
||||||
|
A. maximus |
"Single partially articulated skeleton." |
|||||
|
"A." brasiliensis |
"Postcranial remains."[32] |
|||||
|
G. faustoi |
"Partial postcranial skeleton."[33] |
|||||
|
M. topai |
||||||
|
Unenlagiinae indet.[35] |
A single dorsal vertebra. |
|||||
Lepidosaurs
| Crocodylomorphs of the Adamantina Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Boipeba | B. tayasuensis | A single precloacal vertebra | A large, primitive blind snake | |||
Amphibians
| Amphibians of the Adamantina Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Baurubatrachus | B. santosdoroi | Near Catanduva city, São Paulo.[36] | Remains of two individuals.[36] | A frog. | ||
Mammals
Eutheria incertae sedis, Brasilestes (tribosphenida incertae sedis),[37] gondwanatheres and meridiolestidans.[38]
See also
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Rabassa, J. (2014). Some concepts on Gondwana landscapes: long-term landscape evolution, genesis, distribution and age. In Gondwana Landscapes in southern South America (pp. 9-46). Springer Netherlands.
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Miall, A. D. (1990). Principles of sedimentary basin analysis (Vol. 633, p. 499). New York: Springer-Verlag.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Souza Jr, J. J. (1984). O Grupo Bauru na porcao mais setentrional da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. In 33 Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, Rio de Janeiro (Vol. 2, pp. 944-957).
- ↑ Dias-Brito, D., Musacchio, E. A., de Castro, J. C., Maranhão, M. S. A. S., Suárez, J. M., & Rodrigues, R. (2001). Grupo Bauru: uma unidade continental do Cretáceo no Brasil-concepções baseadas em dados micropaleontológicos, isotópicos e estratigráficos. Revue de Paléobiologie, 20(1), 245-304.
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journalШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 22,3 22,4 22,5 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 270.
- ↑ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 269.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 36,0 36,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska; Richard L. Cifelli; Zhe-Xi Luo (2004). "Chapter 7: Eutriconodontans". Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 216–248. Шаблон:ISBN.
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