Английская Википедия:Adaptive scalable texture compression

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Шаблон:Short description Adaptive scalable texture compression (ASTC) is a lossy block-based texture compression algorithm developed by Jørn Nystad et al. of ARM Ltd. and AMD.

Full details of ASTC were first presented publicly at the High Performance Graphics 2012 conference, in a paper by Olson et al. entitled "Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression".

ASTC was adopted as an official extension for both OpenGL and OpenGL ES by the Khronos Group on 6 August 2012.

Hardware support

Vendor/product	Profile	Generation
AMD Radeon		?
Apple GPUs	LDR only	A8 through A12
	Full	Since A13
Arm Mali	Full	Since Mali-T620/T720/T820
Imagination PowerVR	Full	Since Series6XT
Intel GPUs	Full	From Skylake ; Removed in Arc / Gen12.5
Nvidia Tegra	?	Since Kepler
Qualcomm Adreno	Full	LDR since 4xx series, at least 7xx series support GL_KHR_texture_compression_astc_hdr extension on Android 13

On Linux, all Gallium 3D drivers have a software fallback since 2018, so ASTC can be used on any AMD Radeon GPU.

Overview

Файл:Original Image before ASTC compression.jpg

Example image prior to compression

Файл:Detail of ASTC compressed image.png

Detail from example image, after compression at 8, 3.56 and 2 bits/pixel

The method of compression is an evolution of Color Cell Compression with features including numerous closely spaced fractional bit rates, multiple color formats, support for high-dynamic-range (HDR) textures, and real 3D texture support.

The stated primary design goal for ASTC is to enable content developers to have better control over the space/quality tradeoff inherent in any lossy compression scheme. With ASTC, the ratio between adjacent bit rates is of the order of 25%, making it less expensive to increase quality for a given texture.

Encoding different assets often requires different color formats. ASTC allows a wide choice of input formats, including luminance-only, luminance-alpha, RGB, RGBA, and modes optimized for surface normals. The designer can thus choose the optimal format without having to support multiple different compression schemes.

The choices of bit rate and color format do not constrain each other, so that it's possible to choose from a large number of combinations.

Despite this flexibility, ASTC achieves better peak signal-to-noise ratios than PVRTC, S3TC, and ETC2 when measured at 2 and 3.56 bits per texel. For HDR textures, it produces results comparable to BC6H at 8 bits per texel.

Supported color formats

ASTC supports anywhere from 1 to 4 channels. In modes with 2–4 channels, one of the channels can be treated as "uncorrelated" and be given a separate gradient for prediction. In any case, the data is decoded as RGBA.

Channel count	RGBA interpretation	Description
1	L	Luminance-only: RGB set to same value in decoded buffer, alpha set to 1
2	LA	Luminance with transparency
2	L+A	Luminance with uncorrelated transparency
3	RGB	Full color, alpha set to 1
3	RG+B	Full color with uncorrelated blue (not actually used for color purposes)
4	RGBA	Full color with transparency
4	RGB+A	Full color with uncorrelated transparency

Each of these may be encoded as low or high dynamic range. The encoder selects color formats independently for each block in the image.

In practice, ASTC may be used to represent data other than color. For example, the L+A format may be used to represent "X+Y", a normal map with uncorrelated components; the "RG+B" format can be used to represent XY+Z. The Шаблон:Code software supplied by ARM supports "X+Y" generation with the Шаблон:Code option. The shader is expected to treat the decoded output as a swizzled texture.

2D block footprints and bit rates

ASTC textures are compressed using a fixed block size of 128 bits, but with a variable block footprint ranging from 4×4 texels up to 12×12 texels. The available bit rates thus range from 8 bits per texel down to 0.89 bits per texel, with fine steps in between.

Block footprint	Bit rate	Increment
4×4	8.00	25%
5×4	6.40	25%
5×5	5.12	20%
6×5	4.27	20%
6×6	3.56	14%
8×5	3.20	20%
8×6	2.67	5%
10×5	2.56	20%
10×6	2.13	7%
8×8	2.00	25%
10×8	1.60	25%
10×10	1.28	20%
12×10	1.07	20%
12×12	0.89

In the above table, the "Increment" column shows the additional storage required to store a texture using this bit rate, as compared to the next smallest. Block footprints are presented as width × height.

3D block footprints and bit rates

ASTC 3D textures are compressed using a fixed block size of 128 bits, as for 2D but with a variable block footprint ranging from 3×3×3 texels up to 6×6×6 texels. The available bit rates thus range from 4.74 bits per texel down to 0.59 bits per texel, with fine steps in between.

Block footprint	Bit rate	Increment
3×3×3	4.74	33%
4×3×3	3.56	33%
4×4×3	2.67	33%
4×4×4	2.00	25%
5×4×4	1.60	25%
5×5×4	1.28	50%
5×5×5	1.02	20%
6×5×5	0.85	20%
6×6×5	0.71	20%
6×6×6	0.59

Block footprints are presented as width × height × depth.

Universal ASTC

UASTC (Universal ASTC) is a subset of ASTC specified by Binomial. The format is used in their Basis Universal "supercompressed" GPU texture format, which adds extra compression over compressed texture formats such as UASTC and ETC1S and allows for efficient conversion from UASTC/ETC1S to compressed texture formats directly usable by GPUs. UASTC, as part of Basis Universal, is part of the KTX (Khronos Texture) file format.

See also

• 3Dc

External links

• High Performance Graphics 2012
• ASTC Texture Compression: ARM Pushes the Envelope in Graphics Technology
• ARM Unveils Details of ASTC Texture Compression at HPG Conference
• ASTC Evaluation Codec from ARM
• Khronos ASTC Full Profile Extension Specification