Английская Википедия:Adem Jashari

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military person Adem Jashari (born Fazli Jashari; 28 November 1955 – 7 March 1998) was one of the founders of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), a Kosovo Albanian separatist militia which fought for the secession of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the 1990s.[1][2][3][4][5]

Beginning in 1991, Jashari participated in attacks against the Serbian police before travelling to Albania to receive military training. Arrested in 1993, he was released at the behest of the Albanian Army and later returned to Kosovo, where he continued launching attacks against the Yugoslav establishment. In July 1997, he was convicted of terrorism in absentia by a Yugoslav court. After several unsuccessful attempts to capture or kill him, Serbian police launched an attack against Jashari's home in Prekaz in March 1998. The battle that followed resulted in the deaths of 57 members of Jashari's family, including that of Jashari, his wife, brother and son.

Seen as the "father of the KLA", Jashari is considered a symbol of Kosovar independence by ethnic Albanians. He was posthumously awarded with the title "Hero of Kosovo" following its declaration of independence in 2008.Шаблон:Ref label The National Theatre in Pristina, Pristina International Airport Adem Jashari and the Adem Jashari Olympic Stadium have been named after him.

Biography

Early life

Adem Shaban JashariШаблон:Sfn was born in the village of Prekaz, SAP Kosovo, SFR Yugoslavia on 28 November 1955Шаблон:Sfn as Fazli Jashari.[6] Descended from Kosovo Albanian guerrillas who had fought Yugoslav forces decades prior,Шаблон:Sfn he was raised on Albanian war stories and was rarely seen without a gun.Шаблон:Sfn According to the journalist Tim Judah, Jashari "hated the Serbs, and although he was one of the KLA’s early recruits, he was no ideological guerrilla."Шаблон:Sfn

Guerrilla activities

Шаблон:See also Drenica is a hilly region in central Kosovo inhabited almost exclusively by Kosovo Albanians. Prior to the Kosovo War, the government of Yugoslavia considered it "the hotbed of Albanian terrorism."Шаблон:Sfn Jashari was a farmer.Шаблон:Sfn In 1991, he participated in an armed uprising against the Yugoslav authorities in Kosovo.Шаблон:Sfn During this period, a Kosovo Albanian irredentist organization that came to be known as the Kosovo Liberation Army first emerged.Шаблон:Sfn

From 1991 to 1992, Jashari and about 100 other ethnic Albanians wishing to fight for the independence of Kosovo underwent military training in the municipality of Labinot-Mal in Albania.Шаблон:Sfn Afterwards, Jashari and other ethnic Albanians committed several acts of sabotage aimed at the Serbian administrative apparatus in Kosovo. Attempting to capture or kill him, Serbian police surrounded Jashari and his older brother, Hamëz, at their home in Prekaz on 30 December 1991. In the ensuing siege, large numbers of Kosovo Albanians flocked to Prekaz, pressuring the police to withdraw from the village.Шаблон:Sfn

While in Albania, he was arrested in 1993 by the government of Sali Berisha and sent to jail in TiranaШаблон:Sfn before being released alongside other Kosovo Albanian militants at the demand of the Albanian Army.Шаблон:Sfn With the Yugoslav forces now considering Prekaz a "no-go" area, Jashari launched several attacks over the next several years. These targeted the Yugoslav Army (VJ) and Serbian police in Kosovo.Шаблон:Sfn Jashari was convicted of terrorism in absentia by a Yugoslav court on 11 July 1997. Human Rights Watch subsequently described the trial, in which fourteen other Kosovo Albanians were also convicted, as "[failing] to conform to international standards."Шаблон:Sfn Pursuing Jashari for the murder of a Serb policeman, Yugoslav forces again attempted to assault the Jashari compound in Prekaz on 22 January 1998.Шаблон:Sfn With Jashari not present, thousands of Kosovo Albanians descended on Prekaz and again succeeded in pushing the Serbs out of the village and its surroundings. The next month, a small unit of the KLA ambushed Serbian policemen. Four Serbs were killed and two were injured in the ensuing clashes. At dawn on 5 March 1998, the KLA launched an attack against a police patrol in Prekaz.Шаблон:Sfn

Death

Шаблон:Main In response to this attack, the Yugoslavs organized a "full-scale revenge mission" involving tanks, APCs and helicopters.Шаблон:Sfn They were backed up by artillery from a nearby ammunition factory.Шаблон:Sfn With the intention of "eliminating the suspects and their families,"Шаблон:Sfn the police attacked villages that had been identified as KLA strongholds, including Likošane and Ćirez. Human Rights Watch noted that "special police forces attacked without warning, firing indiscriminately at women, children and other noncombatants." KLA members and their families subsequently fled to Jashari's compound. Here, the police invited Jashari to surrender, giving him a deadline of two hours in which to respond. During this period, a number of families left the compound.Шаблон:Sfn Jashari remained, ordering his family members to stay inside and telling his militants to resist to the last man.Шаблон:Sfn

Once the two-hour deadline had expired, the two sides began exchanging gunfire. In one of the houses, where most of Jashari's extended family had gathered, a mortar shell fell in through the roof, causing many deaths. After a twoШаблон:Sfn or three-day siege, the police captured the Jashari compound.Шаблон:Sfn Once inside, they discovered that Jashari and his brother Hamëz had been killed.Шаблон:Sfn Also killed were Jashari's wife, Adilje, and his thirteen-year-old son, Kushtrim.Шаблон:Sfn Overall, approximately fifty-eight Kosovo Albanians were killed in the attack, including eighteen women and ten children under the age of sixteen.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Goran Radosavljević, a major in the Serbian Interior Ministry, said that "[Jashari] used women, children and the elderly as hostages."Шаблон:Sfn Speaking of the attack, Yugoslav General Nebojša Pavković stated that it was "a normal policing action against a well-known criminal. It was successful. The other details I don't remember."Шаблон:Sfn The only survivor was Besarta Jashari, Hamëz Jashari's daughter. She claimed that the policemen had "threatened her with a knife and ordered her to say that her uncle (Adem Jashari) had killed everyone who wanted to surrender."[7]

Aftermath

Soon after the attack against Prekaz, 46 bodies were taken to a hospital morgue in Pristina on 7 March before being returned to Skenderaj the next day. There, they were placed inside a warehouse located on the outskirts of town. Photographs taken during this time revealed that Jashari had received a bullet wound to the neck. On 9 March, the police publicly stated that they would themselves bury the bodies of those killed if they were not quickly claimed and buried by family members. The next day, the police dug a large grave near Donji Prekaz and buried the bodies of fifty-six people, ten of whom could not be identified. On 11 March, the bodies were disinterred by relatives and reburied in accordance with Islamic traditionШаблон:Sfn on a field known as the "field of peace".Шаблон:Sfn

The shootout at the Jashari family compound involving Adem Jashari, a KLA commander and surrounding Yugoslav troops in 1998 resulted in the massacre of most Jashari family members.[8][9] The deaths of Jashari and his family generated an international backlash against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.Шаблон:Sfn As news of the killings spread, armed Kosovo Albanian militias emerged throughout Kosovo, seeking to avenge Jashari's death as Albanians flocked to join the KLA.Шаблон:Sfn The event became a rallying myth for KLA recruitment regarding armed resistance to Yugoslav forces.[8]

Legacy

The exploits of Adem Jashari have been celebrated and turned into legend by former KLA members, some in government, and by Kosovar Albanian society resulting in songs, literature, monuments, memorials with streets and buildings bearing his name across Kosovo.[10][11] Dubbed the "Legendary Commander" (Шаблон:Lang-sq) by Albanians,Шаблон:Sfn Jashari is regarded by many in Kosovo as being the "father of the KLA". Portraits of him carrying an automatic weapon often adorn the walls of homes inhabited by ethnic Albanians.Шаблон:Sfn Considered a symbol of independence by Kosovo Albanians, the anniversary of Jashari's death is annually commemorated in KosovoШаблон:Sfn and his home has since been transformed into a shrine. The field where he and his family were buried has since become a place of pilgrimage for Kosovo Albanians, and several authors have equated Jashari with Albanian national hero SkanderbegШаблон:Sfn as well as Albanian kaçak rebels from the past.Шаблон:Sfn Following Kosovo's declaration of independence in 2008, Jashari was posthumously awarded the title "Hero of Kosovo" for his role in the Kosovo War.Шаблон:Sfn The football stadium in Mitrovica,Шаблон:Sfn the National Theatre in PristinaШаблон:Sfn and Pristina International Airport Adem Jashari have also been named after him.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

References

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Books

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Websites

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  1. Шаблон:Cite book
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  4. Шаблон:Cite web
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  6. Шаблон:Cite news
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  8. 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Harvnb. "We concentrate on one symbolic event – the massacre of the insurgent Jashari family, killed in the hamlet of Prekaz in March 1998 while fighting Serbs troops. This was neither the only massacre nor the worst during the recent conflict..."; pp: 515–516.
  9. Шаблон:Harvnb.
  10. Шаблон:Harvnb.
  11. Шаблон:Harvnb.