Английская Википедия:Adiantum capillus-veneris
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
Adiantum capillus-veneris, the Southern maidenhair fern, black maidenhair fern, maidenhair fern,[1] and venus hair fern, is a species of ferns in the genus Adiantum and the family Pteridaceae[2] with a subcosmopolitan worldwide distribution. It is cultivated as a popular garden fern and houseplant.[3]
Distribution
Adiantum capillus-veneris is native to the southern half of the United States from California to the Atlantic coast, through Mexico and Central America, to South America. It is also native to Eurasia, the Levant in Western Asia, and Australasia.[3][4][5] There are two disjunct occurrences in the northern part of North America: at Cascade Springs in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Fairmont Hot Springs, British Columbia. In both instances, the warm microclimate created by hot mineral springs permits the growth of the plant far north of its normal range. It is similar in Zvonce spa resort (Звоначка Бања, Zvonačka Banja), near Pirot in Serbia, where hot mineral springs provide adequate heat and humidity for the survival of this species.[6]
It is found in temperate climates from warm-temperate to tropical, where the moisture content is high but not saturating, in the moist, well-drained sand, loam or limestone of many habitats, including rainforests, shrub and woodlands, broadleaf and coniferous forests, and desert cliff seeps, and springs. It often may be seen growing on moist, sheltered and shaded sandstone or limestone formations, generally south-facing in the southern hemisphere, north-facing in the north, or in gorges.[3] It occurs throughout Africa in moist places by streams.[7] On moist sandstone cliffs it grows in full or partial shade, even when unprotected.[8]
Description
Adiantum capillus-veneris grows from Шаблон:Convert in height; its fronds arising in clusters from creeping rhizomes Шаблон:Convert tall, with very delicate, light green fronds much subdivided into pinnae Шаблон:Convert long and broad; the frond rachis is black and wiry.[3][5]
Cultivation
Adiantum capillus-veneris is cultivated and widely available around the world for planting in natural landscape native plants and traditional shade gardens, for outdoor container gardens, and commonly as an indoor houseplant.
Adiantum × mairisii is a winter hardy hybrid of Adiantum capillus-veneris with another species, which is likely to be one of Adiantum raddianum, Adiantum aethiopicum, or Adiantum cuneatum.[9]
As a houseplant, Adiantum capillus-veneris requires filtered light and very humid conditions. It should be grown in soil rich in organic matter and should be watered frequently but lightly, to keep the roots damp but not drenched. The temperature should not fall below Шаблон:Convert. It is propagated by dividing, making sure each clump has a section of rhizome.[10]
Conservation
The fern is listed as an endangered species in North Carolina (as southern maidenhair-fern) and threatened species in Kentucky (as venus hair fern), due to loss of Appalachian habitat.
Traditional uses
This plant is used medicinally by Native Americans. The Mahuna people use the plant internally for rheumatism,[11] and the Navajo people of Kayenta, AZ use an infusion of the plant as a lotion for bumblebee and centipede stings.[12] The Navajo people also smoke it or take it internally to treat mental illness.[12]
In the traditional medicine of Iran, frond infusion of Adiantum capillus-veneris is used for jaundice therapy.[13] Along with this, they have a wide range of medicinal uses and have been used to treat coughs, cold, and to aid in kidney function.[14]
References
External links
- Adiantum capillus-veneris - Southern maidenhair fern — U.C. Cal-Photo Gallery
- USDA Profile for Adiantum capillus-veneris (common maidenhair fern)
- Шаблон:GRIN
- U.C. Jepson Manual treatment for Adiantum capillus-veneris
- Adiantum capillus-veneris in the Canary Islands
- Chrono.uk: Spore-pollen studies
- Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Horticultural Growing Conditions and Propagation
- ↑ Шаблон:BSBI 2007
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокChristenhusz-2011не указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Wildflower.org-NPIN: Adiantum capillus-veneris (Southern maidenhair fern) . accessed 4.04.2011
- ↑ The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Cundall. P., (2004) Native Plants:The definitive guide to Australian plants, Global Book Publishing Lane Cove, N.S.W, p.298, Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 60)
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris 1951 The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho. Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press (p. 14)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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