Английская Википедия:Adolf Borchers

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person

Adolf Borchers (10 February 1913 – 9 February 1996) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. He was credited with 132 aerial victories—that is, 132 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in approximately 800 combat missions.

Biography

Borchers was born on 10 February 1913 in Wendhausen near Lüneburg. He had two brothers who also received the Knight's Cross. Major Walter Borchers was a night fighter pilot and wing commander. A second brother, SS-Hauptsturmführer Hermann Borchers served in the 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen.

He joined the Condor Legion in the fall of 1938 and participated as an Unteroffizier in the Spanish Civil War. After the Spanish Civil War he was transferred to 2. Staffel (2nd squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) which later became 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) on 21 November 1940.[Note 1] In this unit he fought in the Invasion of Poland, Battle of France and Battle of Britain, claiming two aerial victories. On 19 May 1940, he claimed his first aerial victory over a Hawker Hurricane in the vicinity of Le CateauШаблон:Sfn

Following aerial combat on 31 August 1940, Borchers ditched his Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1 (Werknummer 5808—factory number) in the Thames Estuary but was rescued. That day, I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 77 lost seven Bf 109s in combat over southeastern England, with one pilot killed in action and five taken prisoner of war.Шаблон:Sfn

Eastern Front

During Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he accumulated further victories and by the end of 1941 his score had increased to 23 aerial victories. After being promoted to an Officers rank he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 11. Staffel of JG 51 on 20 August 1942, replacing Leutnant Wolfgang Böwing-Treuding who was transferred to 10. Staffel.Шаблон:Sfn By the end of 1942, his number of aerial victories had increased to 38.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1943, Borchers married the famed skier Christl Cranz.[1] For 78 aerial victories Borchers was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn

Group commander

Файл:I-JG52-ins.svg
I./JG 52 insignia

On 10 June 1944, I. Gruppe was ordered to an airfield named Peloniczna near Lviv. Seven days later, they were moved to Serpneve.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 June, Borchers was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) replacing Hauptmann Johannes Wiese.Шаблон:Sfn Wiese had been injured on 22 February. Intermittently, the Gruppe had been led by Oberleutnant Paul-Heinrich Dähne.Шаблон:Sfn Command of 11. Staffel of JG 51 was then passed to Oberleutnant Horst Walther.Шаблон:Sfn On 22 June, Soviet forces launched Operation Bagration, attacking Army Group Centre in Byelorussia, with the objective of encircling and destroying its main component armies.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 June, the Gruppe transferred to Galați and again to Peloniczna.Шаблон:Sfn Borchers claimed his 100 aerial victory on 24 July 1944.Шаблон:Sfn He was the 86th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn The Gruppe reached Grabowiec in eastern Poland on 27 July and Kraków on 1 August. On 12 August they were again relocated and moved to Mzurowa.Шаблон:Sfn

His 118th victory claimed on 2 September 1944, is also noted for claiming JG 52 10,000th aerial victory.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn On 19 September, Borchers made an emergency landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 near Tarnów, in an area approximately Шаблон:Convert east of Kraków.Шаблон:Sfn Borchers was given command to III. Gruppe of JG 52 on 1 February 1945.Шаблон:Sfn He succeeded Hauptmann Wilhelm Batz who was transferred to take command of II. Gruppe of JG 52.Шаблон:Sfn Command of I. Gruppe of JG 52 was passed to Hauptmann Erich Hartmann.Шаблон:Sfn Together with his comrades he surrendered to U.S. force only to be turned over to Soviet forces.

After World War II he and his wife, Christl Cranz, founded a Ski school which she led until 1987.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Borchers was credited with 132 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick also lists Borchers with 132 aerial victories, 127 of which on the Eastern Front and five during the Battle of France and Battle of Britain, claimed in over 800 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and also state that Borchers was credited with 132 aerial victories, including two on the Western Front and the others on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ PQ 47764". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories

Шаблон:Legend

Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –Шаблон:Sfn
Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940
1 19 May 1940 16:15 Hurricane Le CateauШаблон:Sfn
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
Battle of Britain and on the English Channel — 25 August 1940 – 7 June 1941
2 5 March 1941 14:55 Spitfire west of BoulogneШаблон:Sfn
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
3 24 June 1941 10:28 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn 14 27 August 1941 08:55 I-16Шаблон:Sfn?Шаблон:Refn
4 24 June 1941 10:36 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn 15 31 August 1941 17:30 I-18 (MiG-1)Шаблон:Sfn
5 30 June 1941 10:45 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn 16 3 September 1941 16:15 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn
6 30 June 1941 13:10 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn 17 10 October 1941 09:20 Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn
7 30 June 1941 13:50 SB-2Шаблон:Sfn 18 12 October 1941 12:45 Douglas DC-3 (PS-84)Шаблон:Sfn
8 4 July 1941 15:17 SB-2Шаблон:Sfn 19 12 October 1941 12:46 Douglas DC-3 (PS-84)Шаблон:Sfn
9 5 July 1941 06:50 SB-2Шаблон:Sfn 20 13 October 1941 10:20 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn
10 14 July 1941 16:10 ZKB-19Шаблон:Sfn?Шаблон:Refn 21 17 October 1941 10:45 Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn
11 27 July 1941 15:50 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn 22 24 October 1941 07:55 R-3Шаблон:Sfn?Шаблон:Refn
12 8 August 1941 15:30 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn 23 24 October 1941 11:05 SB-2Шаблон:Sfn
13 26 August 1941 05:25 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 30 April 1942
24 2 February 1942 10:10 DB-3Шаблон:Sfn 26 31 March 1942 17:30 MiG-3Шаблон:Sfn
25 20 March 1942 11:10 I-18 (MiG-1)Шаблон:Sfn
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — 1 May – August 1942
27 10 July 1942 10:05 LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn 28 31 July 1942 17:35 Pe-2 Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of RzhevШаблон:Sfn
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — August 1942 – 3 February 1943
29 24 August 1942 07:50 LaGG-3 PQ 47764Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Zubtsov
37 29 December 1942 09:20 MiG-3 PQ 07673Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Oryol
30 2 September 1942 07:05 Il-2 northwest of RzhevШаблон:Sfn 38 29 December 1942 09:40 Il-2 PQ 07722Шаблон:Sfn
31 3 September 1942 09:45 Il-2 northwest of RzhevШаблон:Sfn 39 5 January 1943 08:40 Il-2 PQ 07722Шаблон:Sfn
32 4 December 1942 13:40 Il-2 Шаблон:Convert north of Velikiye LukiШаблон:Sfn 40 6 January 1943 10:35 Pe-2 PQ 07733Шаблон:Sfn
33 4 December 1942 13:45 Il-2 Шаблон:Convert northeast of MorosolshikiШаблон:Sfn 41 14 January 1943 10:25 MiG-3 PQ 07594Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Glazunovka
34 14 December 1942 09:03 Il-2 Шаблон:Convert north of Velikiye LukiШаблон:Sfn 42 16 January 1943 14:45 Il-2 PQ 07352Шаблон:Sfn
35 16 December 1942 11:42 Il-2 Шаблон:Convert northeast of NevelШаблон:Sfn 43 28 January 1943 10:45 MiG-3 PQ 07754Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Velikiye Luki
36 16 December 1942 11:46 Il-2 Шаблон:Convert northeast of NevelШаблон:Sfn
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
44 6 May 1943 13:10 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63164Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Oryol
63 13 July 1943 13:40 Il-2 m.H.Шаблон:Refn PQ 35 Ost 63252Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Zalegoshch
45 6 May 1943 13:20 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63412Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Zmiyovka
64 13 July 1943 14:10 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 35 Ost 63254Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Zalegoshch
46 6 May 1943 13:40 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63471Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Maloarkhangelsk
65 5 August 1943 17:30 LaGG-3 southwest of KarachevШаблон:Sfn
47 7 May 1943 04:30 MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63419Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Zmiyovka
66 13 August 1943 17:50 LaGG-3 southwest of KharkivШаблон:Sfn
48 7 May 1943 04:35 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63244Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Zalegoshch
67 16 August 1943 06:05 La-5 south of MerafaШаблон:Sfn
49 7 May 1943 04:39 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 64832Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Mzensk
68 16 August 1943 13:40 Pe-2 east of Kasstschaja-LoganШаблон:Sfn
50 2 June 1943 04:03 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63843Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Zolotukhino
69 18 August 1943 06:02 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 70793, southeast of IziumШаблон:Sfn
51 8 June 1943 19:17 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54832Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Telchje
70 18 August 1943 06:10 La-5 PQ 34 Ost 79213, north of SlawjanskШаблон:Sfn
52 8 June 1943 19:22 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 64772Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Telchje
71 22 August 1943 17:40 La-5 east of MerefaШаблон:Sfn
53 14 June 1943 03:20 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63264Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Zalegoshch
72 2 September 1943 15:45 P-40 west of YelnyaШаблон:Sfn
54 5 July 1943 15:35 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63364Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Glazunowka
73 20 September 1943 13:35 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] west of SsinelnikowoШаблон:Sfn
55 6 July 1943 07:45 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63183Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Zmiyovka
74 27 September 1943 09:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] southwest of MolochanskШаблон:Sfn
56 7 July 1943 03:50 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63349Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Trosna
75 27 October 1943 07:45 La-5 northeast of Kriwoy-RogШаблон:Sfn
57 8 July 1943 13:35 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63551Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Maloarkhangelsk
76 28 October 1943 07:10 P-39 southeast of Nowo-StarodubШаблон:Sfn
58 8 July 1943 13:40 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63611Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Maloarkhangelsk
77 29 October 1943 07:02 P-39 southwest of SelanojeШаблон:Sfn
59 9 July 1943 08:43 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63583Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
78 22 November 1943 09:32 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] Шаблон:Convert northwest of AnnowkaШаблон:Sfn
60 10 July 1943 10:35 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63554Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Maloarkhangelsk
79 29 November 1943 07:32 Il-2 Шаблон:Convert southwest of KanzeropolШаблон:Sfn
61 11 July 1943 12:30 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63381Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Maloarkhangelsk
80 29 November 1943 07:35 Il-2 Шаблон:Convert southwest of KanzeropolШаблон:Sfn
62 13 July 1943 07:15 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 64891Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Zalegoshch
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — March – May 1944
81 7 March 1944 10:34 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 05414Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Orsha
85 5 May 1944 18:40 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 50478Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Ternopil
82 7 March 1944 10:36 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 15311Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Krassnyj
86?Шаблон:Refn 10 May 1944 07:08 R-5 PQ 24 Ost 49424Шаблон:Sfn
83 17 April 1944 09:20 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 51811Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Dubno
87?[Note 3] 10 May 1944 07:09 R-5 PQ 24 Ost 49422Шаблон:Sfn
84 2 May 1944 15:30 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 40662Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Berezhany
88 28 May 1944 06:32 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 50563Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ternopil
Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — July – October 1944
89 5 July 1944 12:23 R-5 PQ 25 Ost 51751Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Brody
106 26 August 1944 13:27 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 11335Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Opatów
90 7 July 1944 13:32 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 42859Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Kovel
107 26 August 1944 13:30 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 11441Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Sandomierz
?Шаблон:Refn 14 July 1944 07:54 Yak-9 Шаблон:Convert north of BrodyШаблон:Sfn 108 26 August 1944 17:48 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 11334Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Opatów
91 14 July 1944 08:05?Шаблон:Refn Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 51548Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Brody
109 28 August 1944 12:51 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 01296Шаблон:Sfn
92 14 July 1944 17:51?Шаблон:Refn Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 50318Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Ternopil
110 31 August 1944 14:09 P-39 PQ 25 Ost 11147Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Opatów
93 15 July 1944 11:25 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 51711Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Brody
111 31 August 1944 14:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11313Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Opatów
94 18 July 1944 19:45 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 50187Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Zolochiv
112 31 August 1944 14:16 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11172Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Opatów
95 22 July 1944 09:32 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 40628Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Berezhany
113 31 August 1944 14:18 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 01283Шаблон:Sfn
96 22 July 1944 09:34 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 40631Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Berezhany
114 1 September 1944 10:07 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11187Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Opatów
97 22 July 1944 09:37 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 50379Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Berezhany
115 1 September 1944 10:10 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11149Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Opatów
98 23 July 1944 09:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 40568Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Berezhany
116 2 September 1944 10:02 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11179Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Opatów
99 23 July 1944 10:01 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 40652Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Berezhany
117 2 September 1944 10:04 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 11187Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Opatów
100 24 July 1944 18:32 Pe-2 PQ 25 Ost 30683Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Stryi
118 2 September 1944 15:56 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11332Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Opatów
101 22 August 1944 13:41 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 11336Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Opatów
119 22 September 1944 11:33 Il-2Шаблон:Sfn
102 22 August 1944 13:45 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 11414Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Sandomierz
120 23 September 1944 13:52 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 10633Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Sanok (Poland)
103 22 August 1944 13:46 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 11273Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Opatów
121 14 October 1944 13:12 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 13156Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Budsztmihaly
104 24 August 1944 15:24 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11442Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Sandomierz
122 15 October 1944 13:47 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 13159Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Trepca
105 25 August 1944 17:13 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11515Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Mielec
123 26 October 1944 11:15?Шаблон:Refn Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 25373Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Orșova
Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — March 1945
126 22 March 1945 Шаблон:Center Pe-2 PQ 71657Шаблон:Sfn 127 22 March 1945 Шаблон:Center Pe-2 PQ 71682Шаблон:Sfn

Awards

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Top German World War II Aces Шаблон:Subject bar


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