Английская Википедия:Adoption of free and open-source software by public institutions

The use of free software instead of proprietary software can give institutions better control over information technology. A growing number of public institutions have started a transition to free-software solutions. This grants independence and can also address the often-argued need for public access to publicly funded developments. This is the only way that public services can ensure that citizen data is handled in a trustworthy manner since non-free software doesn't allow total control (or even knowledge) over the employed functions of the needed programs.

Asia

India

Assam

The Government of Assam state made open source a part of its IT policy.^[1]^[2]

Kerala

The Government of Kerala, India, announced its official support for free/open-source software in its State IT Policy of 2001.^[3] This was formulated after the first-ever free-software conference in India, "Freedom First!", held in July 2001 in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala, where Richard Stallman inaugurated the Free Software Foundation of India.^[4] Kerala's Government's support for Free Software in 2001 is perhaps the earliest instance of a Government supporting the use of Free Software.

Under the IT@School project the government of Kerala has adopted free and open sourced software for the schools.^[5]

Jordan

In January 2010, the Government of Jordan announced that it has formed a partnership with Ingres Corporation, a leading open-source database-management company based in the United States that is now known as Actian Corporation, to promote the use of open-source software starting with university systems in Jordan.^[6]

Malaysia

Malaysia launched the "Malaysian Public Sector Open Source Software Program", saving millions on proprietary-software licences till 2008.^[7]^[8]

Europe

Austria

In 2005 Vienna migrated from Microsoft Office 2000 to OpenOffice.org and from Microsoft Windows 2000 to Linux .^[9]^[10]

France

National Gendarmerie

The National Gendarmerie announced in March 2009 that it will totally switch to Ubuntu by 2015.^[11]Шаблон:Update inline The Gendarmerie has adopted OpenOffice.org,^[12] Firefox and Thunderbird. In 2018, a state-operated Matrix network has been deployed.^[13]

National Assembly

The National Assembly of France has had plans to migrate to Linux, OpenOffice.org and Firefox.^[14]^[15]

Germany

Germany's armed forces commenced using Matrix for internal communications in 2020, creating their own application based upon Element.^[16]

Шаблон:Update section

Munich

Шаблон:See also

The German City of Munich in 2003 announced its intention to switch from Microsoft Windows NT-based operating systems to an open-source implementation of SuSE Linux,^[17]^[18]^[19] In June 2004 after a pilot project run by SuSE Linux and IBM there was a final approval for the migration.^[20] On 14 April 2005 the city decided to migrate to Debian from a commercial Linux distribution.^[21] An adoption rate of 20% was achieved by 2010.^[22]

Schwäbisch Hall

Schwäbisch Hall migrated its 400 workstations to Linux in late 2002.^[23] The factors were cost, better security, escape from the treadmill of vendor-driven upgrades.

Portugal

The Portuguese Vieira do Minho Municipality began switching to free and open-source software in 2000. ^[24]

Romania

IOSSPL is a free and open source software used for public libraries in Romania.^[25]

Spain

The City of Barcelona started to migrate its computer systems away from the Windows platform in 2017. The City's strategy was first to replace all user applications with open-source alternatives, until the underlying Windows operating system is the only proprietary software remaining. In a final step, the operating system replaced with Linux. ^[26]

North America

Canada

In 2017, the city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, opened up most of its new internal software development efforts to reduce its own software costs, and increase collaboration with other municipalities looking to solve similar problems.^[27]

United States

In September 2006, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts announced its formal adoption of the OpenDocument standard for all Commonwealth entities.^[18]

In February 2009, the United States White House moved its website to Linux servers using Drupal for content management.^[28]

In August 2016, the United States government announced a new federal source-code policy. This policy mandates that at least 20% of custom source code developed by or for any agency of the federal government must be released as open-source software (OSS).^[29] In addition, the policy requires that all source code be shared between agencies. The public release is under a three-year pilot program and agencies are obliged to collect data on this pilot to gauge its performance. The overall policy aims to reduce duplication, avoid vendor 'lock-in', and stimulate collaborative development. A new website Шаблон:Url provides "an online collection of tools, best practices, and schemas to help agencies implement this policy", the policy announcement stated. It also provides the "primary discoverability portal for custom-developed software intended both for Government-wide reuse and for release as OSS".^[29] As yet unspecified OSS licenses will be added to the code.^[30] The US Chief Information Officer Tony Scott, co-author of the policy, blogged "This is, after all, the People's code. Explore it. Learn from it. Improve it. Use it to propel America's next breakthrough in innovation."^[31]

South America

Argentina

The government of Argentina launched the program Conectar Igualdad (Connect Equality), through ANSES and the Ministry of Education (Argentina) launched during the presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, that gave kids on public schools free laptops to use for educative purposes. By default, it came with Huayra GNU/Linux, a free and open-source Linux operating system developed by the Argentinian technology ministry, based on Debian, using the MATE Desktop.

Brazil

The government of Brazil migrated from Microsoft Windows to Linux.^[32]^[33] In 2006, the Brazilian government also encouraged the distribution of cheap computers running Linux throughout its poorer communities by subsidizing their purchase with tax breaks.^[18]

Ecuador

In April 2008, Ecuador passed a similar law, Decree 1014, designed to migrate the public sector to Libre Software.^[34]

Peru

In 2005, the Government of Peru voted to adopt open source across all its bodies.^[35] The 2002 response to Microsoft's critique is available online. In the preamble to the bill, the Peruvian government stressed that the choice was made to ensure that key pillars of democracy were safeguarded: "The basic principles which inspire the Bill are linked to the basic guarantees of a state of law."^[36]

Venezuela

In 2004, a law in Venezuela (Decree 3390) went into effect, mandating a two-year transition to open source in all public agencies. As of June 2009 this ambitious transition is still under way.^[37]^[38]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Free software in public administration, beta
https://web.archive.org/web/20080223124448/http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/chapter/470 IDABC Open Source Case Studies

[assamitpolicy-1] Шаблон:Cite web

[assamitpolicy2-2] Open Source India News

[3] Шаблон:Cite web

[4] Шаблон:Cite web

[keralaschools-5] Шаблон:Cite web

[6] Шаблон:Cite web

[7] Шаблон:Cite web

[8] Шаблон:Cite web

[9] Vienna to softly embrace Linux – ZDNet UK

[10] Шаблон:Cite web

[11] Шаблон:Cite web

[12] La gendarmerie nationale passe à OpenOffice – Actualités – ZDNet.fr

[13] ttps://matrix.org/blog/2018/04/26/matrix-and-riot-confirmed-as-the-basis-for-frances-secure-instant-messenger-app

[14] Assemblée nationale : communiqué de presse

[15] Linux s'installe dans les PC des députés – Actualités – ZDNet.fr

[16] ttps://www.bwi.de/magazin/artikel/open-source-matrix-ist-einheitlicher-messenger-standard-fuer-die-bundeswehr

[17] Munich deal boosts desktop Linux – ZDNet UK

[casson_ryan-18] 18,0 ^18,1 ^18,2 Шаблон:Cite book

[19] Шаблон:Cite web

[20] Munich decides to stick with Linux – ZDNet UK

[21] Munich picks its Linux distro – ZDNet UK

[22] Шаблон:Cite web

[23] German city reveals Linux migration tactics – ZDNet UK

[24] Шаблон:Cite news

[25] Шаблон:Cite web

[26] Шаблон:Cite news

[27] Algoma University "Advocating for Collaboration in Code"

[28] Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. "Obama Invites Open Source into the White House" Шаблон:Webarchive in PCWorld, 29 October 2009.

[scott-and-rung-2016-29] 29,0 ^29,1 Шаблон:Cite book Also available as HTML at: Шаблон:Url

[new-2016-30] Шаблон:Cite web

[scott-2016-31] Шаблон:Cite web

[32] NPR: Brazil Makes Move to Open Source Software

[33] BBC NEWS | Business | Brazil adopts open-source software

[34] Шаблон:In lang Estebanmendieta.com, Decree 1014

[35] Шаблон:Cite web

[NACI-36] Шаблон:Cite web

[37] Шаблон:In lang Venezuela Open Source Шаблон:Webarchive

[Venezuela-38] Шаблон:Cite web

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты	Обмен криптовалют - www.bestchange.ru Криптовалютная биржа CoinEx Криптовалютная биржа Binance HIVE OS - операционная система для майнинга e4pool - Мультивалютный пул для майнинга.
Магазины	AliExpress — глобальная виртуальная (в Интернете) торговая площадка, предоставляющая возможность покупать товары производителей из КНР; computeruniverse.net - Интернет-магазин компьютеров(Промо код 5 Евро на первую покупку:FWWC3ZKQ);
Хостинг	DigitalOcean - американский провайдер облачных инфраструктур, с главным офисом в Нью-Йорке и с центрами обработки данных по всему миру;
Разное	Викиум - Онлайн-тренажер для мозга Like Центр - Центр поддержки и развития предпринимательства. Gamersbay - лучший магазин по бустингу для World of Warcraft. Ноотропы OmniMind N°1 - Усиливает мозговую активность. Повышает мотивацию. Улучшает память. Санкт-Петербургская школа телевидения - это федеральная сеть образовательных центров, которая имеет филиалы в 37 городах России. Lingualeo.com — интерактивный онлайн-сервис для изучения и практики английского языка в увлекательной игровой форме. Junyschool (Джунискул) – международная школа программирования и дизайна для детей и подростков от 5 до 17 лет, где ученики осваивают компьютерную грамотность, развивают алгоритмическое и креативное мышление, изучают основы программирования и компьютерной графики, создают собственные проекты: игры, сайты, программы, приложения, анимации, 3D-модели, монтируют видео. Умназия - Интерактивные онлайн-курсы и тренажеры для развития мышления детей 6-13 лет SkillBox - это один из лидеров российского рынка онлайн-образования. Среди партнеров Skillbox ведущий разработчик сервисного дизайна AIC, медиа-компания Yoola, первое и самое крупное русскоязычное аналитическое агентство Tagline, онлайн-школа дизайна и иллюстрации Bang! Bang! Education, оператор PR-рынка PACO, студия рисования Draw&Go, агентство performance-маркетинга Ingate, scrum-студия Sibirix, имидж-лаборатория Персона. «Нетология» — это университет по подготовке и дополнительному обучению специалистов в области интернет-маркетинга, управления проектами и продуктами, дизайна, Data Science и разработки. В рамках Нетологии студенты получают ценные теоретические знания от лучших экспертов Рунета, выполняют практические задания на отработку полученных навыков, общаются с экспертами и единомышленниками. Познакомиться со всеми продуктами подробнее можно на сайте https://netology.ru, линейка курсов и профессий постоянно обновляется. StudyBay Brazil – это онлайн биржа для португалоговорящих студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт. Автор24 — самая большая в России площадка по написанию учебных работ: контрольные и курсовые работы, дипломы, рефераты, решение задач, отчеты по практике, а так же любой другой вид работы. Сервис сотрудничает с более 70 000 авторов. Более 1 000 000 работ уже выполнено. StudyBay – это онлайн биржа для англоязычных студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт.