Английская Википедия:Adrianople vilayet
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox Former Subdivision The Vilayet of Adrianople or Vilayet of Edirne (Шаблон:Lang-ota; Vilâyet-i Edirne)[1] was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.
Prior to 1878, the vilayet had an area of Шаблон:Convert[2][3] and extended all the way to the Balkan Mountains. However, by virtue of the Treaty of Berlin (1878), the Sanjak of İslimye, most of the Sanjak of Filibe and a small part of the Sanjak of Edirne (the Kızılağaç kaza and Monastır nahiya) were carved out of it to create the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia, with a total area of 32,978 km2.[4] The province unified peacefully with the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885.
The rest of the vilayet was split between Turkey and Greece in 1923, culminating in the formation of Western and Eastern Thrace after World War I as part of the Treaty of Lausanne. A smaller portion had already gone to Bulgaria by virtue of the Treaty of Bucharest (1913) following the Balkan wars. In the late 19th century, it bordered on the Istanbul Vilayet, the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in the east, on the Salonica Vilayet in the west, on Eastern Rumelia (Bulgarian since 1885) in the north and on the Aegean Sea in the south. Sometimes the area is also described as Southern Thrace,[5] or Adrianopolitan Thrace.[6]
After the city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish; pop. in 1905 about 80,000), the principal towns were Rodosto (now Tekirdağ) (35,000), Gelibolu (25,000), Kırklareli (16,000), İskeçe (14,000), Çorlu (11,500), Dimetoka (10,000), Enez (8000), Gümülcine (8000) and Dedeağaç (3000).[7]
Administrative divisions
Sanjaks of the Vilayet:[8]
- Sanjak of Adrianople (now Edirne) (Adrianople, Cisr-i Mustafapaşa, Kırcaali, Dimetoka, Ortaköy, Cisr-i Ergene, Havsa. It had also kazas of Kırkkilise, Baba-yı Atik, Beykar Hisar, Maa Hatunili-Kızılağaç (Its centre was Kızılağaç) and Ferecik. Kızılağaç went to Yanbolu sanjak of Şarki Rumeli Vilayeti, Ferecik went initially to Gelibolu in 1876, later to Dedeağaç and was demoted to nahiya in 1878, Kırkkilise, Baba-yı Atik and Beykar Hisar went to recreated Kırkkilise sanjak in 1878. Beykar Hisar was demoted to nahiya in 1879)
- Sanjak of Kirklareli (Since 1878) (Kirkkilise) (Kırkkilise, Tırnovacık, Lüleburgaz, Vize, Ahtabolu, Midye, Baba-yı Atik. Most of Tırnovacık and Ahtabolu were ceded to Bulgaria in 1913. Saray separated from Vize and became kaza in 1916)
- Sanjak of Rodosto (now Tekirdağ) (Tekfurdagi) (Tekfurdağı, Çorlu, Malkara, Hayrabolu. It had also kazas Vize, Lüleburgaz and Midye till 1879, it was gone to recreated Kırkkilise sanjak)
- Sanjak of Gelibolu (Gelibolu, Maydos, Şarköy, Mürefte, Keşan. It had also Enez and Gümülcine kazas till 1878. Gümülcine promoted to sanjak in 1878. Enez went to Dedeağaç sanjak. Finally İpsala (promoted to kaza) and Enez returned to Gelibolu in 1913)
- Sanjak of Dedeağaç (1878-1912) (Dedeağaç, Sofulu, Enez)
- Sanjak of Gümülcine (1878-1912) (Gümülcine, İskeçe, Koşukavak, Ahiçelebi, Eğridere, Darıdere). The whole Sanjak was ceded to Bulgaria, with a small part to Greece in 1913.
- Sanjak of Filibe (Filibe, Pazarcık, Hasköy, Zağra-i Atik, Kızanlık, Çırpan, Sultanyeri, Ahiçelebi) (until 1878, then it became part of Eastern Rumelia, except for Sultanyeri and Ahiçelebi, which were seded back to the Ottoman Empire and eventually incorporated into the Sanjak of Gümülcine)
- Sanjak of Slimia (İslimye, Yanbolu, Misivri, Karinabat, Aydos, Zağra-i Cedid, Ahyolu, Burgaz) (until 1878, then became part of Eastern Rumelia)
Demographics
Шаблон:Pie chart Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet by ethnoconfessional groups according to French orientalist Ubicini on the basis of the official Ottoman Census of the Vilayet in 1875:[9]
| Population | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Muslims | 603,110 | 37.83% |
| —Muslims | 557,692 | 34.98% |
| —Muslim Romani | 45,418 | 2.84% |
| Christians | 974,644 | 61.14% |
| —Bulgar millet & Rum millet | 937,054 | 58.78% |
| —Ermeni millet | 16,194 | 1.02% |
| —Roman Catholics | 12,144 | 0.76% |
| —Christian Romani | 9,252 | 0.58% |
| Yahudi millet | 16,432 | 1.03% |
| Шаблон:Large | Шаблон:Large | Шаблон:Large |
Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet (including Eastern Rumelia) in 1878 according to the Turkish author Kemal Karpat:[10]
| Group | POPULATION |
|---|---|
| Bulgarians | Шаблон:Percent and number |
| Other Christians | Шаблон:Percent and number |
| Muslims | Шаблон:Percent and number |
| TOTAL Adrianople Vilayet | Шаблон:Percent and number |
Population of various ethnoconfessonal communities in the Vilayet and its sanjaks according to the 1906/7 Ottoman census, in thousands, adjusted to round numbers.[11] The communities are counted according to the Millet System of the Ottoman Empire rather than by the mother tongue. Thus, some Bulgarian-speakers were included in the Greek Rum millet and counted as Greeks, while the Muslim millet included Turks and Pomaks (Bulgarian speaking Muslims). Шаблон:Pie chart
| Groups | Edirne | Gümülcine | Kırklareli | Dedeağac | Tekirdağ | Gelibolu | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muslims | 154 | 240 | 78 | 44 | 77 | 26 | 619 |
| Greeks | 103 | 22 | 71 | 28 | 53 | 65 | 341 |
| Bulgarians | 57 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 6 | 1 | 162 |
| Jews | 16 | 1 | 2 | – | 3 | 2 | 24 |
| Armenians | 5 | – | - | – | 19 | 1 | 26 |
| Others | 2 | - | – | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Total | 317 | 292 | 181 | 89 | 159 | 96 | 1,176 |
A publication from December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazine Ons Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) estimated 1,006,500 inhabitants:[12]
- Muslim Turks – 250,000
- Muslim Bulgarians – 115,000
- Muslim Roma people – 15,000
- Orthodox Armenians – 30,000
- Orthodox Greeks – 220,000
- Orthodox Bulgarians – 370,000
- Orthodox Albanians – 3,500
- Orthodox Turks – 3,000
Sanjak of Filibe
Male population of the Filibe Sanjak of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1876 according to the British R. J. Moore: [13] [14] Шаблон:Pie chart
Sanjak of İslimiye
Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1873 according to Ottoman almanacs: [15]
| Community | Population |
|---|---|
| Muslims | 37,200 (47%) |
| Non-Muslims | 46,961 (53%) |
| TOTAL Islimiye sanjak | Шаблон:Percent and number |
Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1875 according to British R.J. Moore: [16]
| Community | Population |
|---|---|
| Muslims | Шаблон:Percent and number |
| Non-Muslims | Шаблон:Percent and number |
| TOTAL Islimiye sanjak | Шаблон:Percent and number |
Sanjak of Gümülcine
Total population of the Sanjak of Gümülcine of the Adrianople Vilayet In the 19th century:[17]
| Sanjak | Muslims | Christian Bulgarians | Christian Greeks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gümülcine | 206.914 | 20.671 | 15.241 |
Gallery
-
1907 Ottoman Turkish map of the vilayet
-
Ethnic map of 1912 according to Bulgarian ethnographers
References
External links
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Wikisource1911Enc
Шаблон:Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire
- ↑ Salname-yi Vilâyet-i Edirne ("Yearbook of the Vilayet of Edirne"), Edirne vilâyet matbaası, Edirne, 1300 [1882]; on the website of Hathi Trust Digital Library.
- ↑ Europe by Éliseé Reclus, page 152
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Migration, Memory, Heritage: Socio-cultural Approaches to the Bulgarian-turkish Border, Magdalena Elchinova, Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva, Lina Gergova, Stoyka Penkova, Natalia Rashkova, Nikolai Vukov, Meglena Zlatkova, Lina Gergova, Шаблон:ISBN, p. 30.
- ↑ Europe and the Historical Legacies in the Balkans, Raymond Detrez, Barbara Segaert, Peter Lang, 2008, Шаблон:ISBN, p. 58.
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокEB1911не указан текст - ↑ Edirne Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокUbiciniне указан текст - ↑ Karpat, K.H. (1985). Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press
- ↑ Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics, Kemal H. Karpat, page 91, 1985
- ↑ Published on December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazine Ons Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) – view the table of Vilajet Manastir: Skynet GodsdBalkan Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ More, R.J., Under the Balkans. Notes of a visit to the district of Philippopolis in 1876. London, 1877.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Димитър Аркадиев. ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ [1] National Statistical Institute
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- Английская Википедия
- Adrianople vilayet
- Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
- History of Western Thrace
- History of Çanakkale Province
- History of Edirne Province
- History of Kırklareli Province
- History of Tekirdağ Province
- 1867 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman period in the history of Bulgaria
- Ottoman Thrace
- 1922 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
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