Английская Википедия:Adventure-class cruiser
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsThe Adventure-class cruisers were a pair of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The sister ships spent about half of the first decade of their careers in reserve and were based in home waters when on active duty. During this time Шаблон:HMS was involved in two collisions. When the First World War began in August 1914 the ships were given coastal defence missions on the English Channel. Attentive was transferred to Ireland in mid-1915, but Шаблон:HMS remained with the Dover Patrol for another three years. They were assigned convoy escort duties in the Atlantic Ocean in 1918 before being separated when Attentive was transferred to the Mediterranean and Adventure was tasked to support the British intervention in North Russia. The sisters returned home a few months after the end of the war in November 1918 and were sold for scrap in 1920.
Background and design
In 1901–1902, the Admiralty developed scout cruisers to work with destroyer flotillas, leading their torpedo attacks and backing them up when attacked by other destroyers. In May 1902, it requested tenders for a design that was capable of Шаблон:Convert, a protective deck, a range of Шаблон:Convert and an armament of six quick-firing (QF) [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pounder (Шаблон:Cvt) 18 cwt guns]],[Note 1] eight QF 3-pounder (47 mm) guns and two 18-inch (457 mm) torpedo tubes. It accepted four of the submissions and ordered one ship from each builder in the 1902–1903 Naval Programme and a repeat in the following year's programme.[1]
The two ships from Armstrong Whitworth became the Adventure class. Four more 12-pounders were added to the specification in August. The ships had a length between perpendiculars of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. They displaced Шаблон:Convert at normal load and Шаблон:Convert at deep load. Their crew consisted of 289 officers and ratings.[2] The Adventure-class ships were the only one of this group of scout cruisers to have four funnels and a clipper-style bow.[3] The Brazilian Шаблон:Sclass scout cruisers were derived from these ships.[4]
The ships were powered by a pair of three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by a dozen Yarrow boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of Шаблон:Convert which was intended to give a maximum speed of 25 knots.[3] The Adventures barely exceeded their design speed when they ran their sea trials in 1905.[5] The scout cruisers soon proved too slow for this role as faster, turbine-engined, destroyers entered service before the First World War. The sisters carried a maximum of Шаблон:Convert of coal which gave them a range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.[6]
The main armament of the Adventure class consisted of ten QF 12-pounder 18-cwt guns.[7] Three guns were mounted abreast on the forecastle and the quarterdeck, with the remaining four guns positioned port and starboard amidships. They also carried eight QF three-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two single mounts for 18-inch torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from Шаблон:Convert and the conning tower had armour Шаблон:Convert thick.[3]
Ships
| Ship | Builder[8] | Laid down[8] | Launched[8] | Completed[8] | Fate[9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:HMS | Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick, Tyne and Wear | 7 January 1904 | 8 September 1904 | October 1905 | Sold for scrap, 3 March 1920 |
| Шаблон:HMS | 8 January 1904 | 22 November 1904 | Sold for scrap, 12 April 1920 |
Construction and service
The sisters were placed in reserve for two years after completion, during which time two additional 12-pounder guns were added and the 3-pounder guns were replaced with six QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss guns. They were commissioned in mid-1907 as flotilla leaders in the Home Fleet and they spent the next seven years moving on and off of active service in British waters. During this time Attentive sank one destroyer and damaged two others in collisions. In 1911–1912,[10] they were rearmed with nine [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV guns]].[11] When the First World War began, the sisters were assigned to coastal defence duties, in the English Channel. In mid-1915 Adventure was transferred to Irish waters to serve as the flagship there while Attentive remained with the Dover Patrol until 1918. That year she played a minor role in the Zeebrugge Raid in early 1918 and was then assigned to escort convoys to Gibraltar together with her sister. Attentive was transferred to the Mediterranean at the end of the war while Adventure was sent to the Arctic to support the unsuccessful British attempt to intervene in the Russian Civil War. The sisters returned home around the beginning of 1919 to be paid off; they were sold for scrap in 1920.[10]
Notes
Footnotes
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
Шаблон:Adventure class cruiser Шаблон:WWI British ships
Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «Note» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="Note"/>
- ↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 99–101
- ↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 100, 294
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Roberts 1979, pp. 84–85
- ↑ Preston 1985, p. 405
- ↑ McBride 1994, p. 277
- ↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 101, 294
- ↑ Friedman 2011, p. 112
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Morris 1987, p. 112
- ↑ Brook 1999, p. 194
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Preston 1985, p. 17
- ↑ Friedman 2011, p. 102
