Английская Википедия:Aeroflot fleet

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Шаблон:Short description The Aeroflot passenger fleet consists of narrow-body and wide-body aircraft from six aircraft families: the Airbus A320, the Airbus A330, the Airbus A350, the Boeing 737, the Boeing 777, and the Sukhoi Superjet 100. As of July 2022, there are 181 passenger aircraft registered in the Aeroflot fleet.[1]

For most of its history, Aeroflot's fleet consisted almost entirely of aircraft built by Soviet manufacturers such as Antonov, Ilyushin, and Tupolev. Following the Soviet Union's dissolution and subsequent partition of the airline, Aeroflot began replacing its old Soviet aircraft with modern Western and some new-generation Russian models. Aeroflot's CEO Vitaly Saveliev intends to make its fleet younger in accordance with its corporate strategy to keep the airline competitive with other international airlines.[2]

Current

The Aeroflot fleet comprises the following aircraft (Шаблон:As of):[1][3]

Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
B C E Total
Airbus A320-200 52 — 20 — 120 140 One in a 1950s retro livery.[4]
One in the SkyTeam livery.[1]
Two in a special PFC CSKA Moskva livery.[5]
8 150 158
Airbus A320neo 6 — 12 — 144 156
Airbus A321-200 33 — 28 — 142 170 One in a special Manchester United livery.[6]
One in a special 95 years jubilee livery.[7]
16 167 183
Airbus A321neo 3 — 12 — 184 196[8]
Airbus A330-300 12 — 28 — 268 296 One in the SkyTeam livery.[9]
36 265 301
Airbus A350-900 7 13[10] 28 24 264 316[11] Deliveries originally scheduled until 2023.[12]
Deliveries halted because of EU sanctions against Russia.[13]
Some aircraft already painted and fitted with Aeroflot's interiors relocated to other airlines by Airbus.[14]
Boeing 737-800 37 — 20 — 138 158[15] One in the SkyTeam livery.[1]
All to be transferred to subsidiary Pobeda.[16]
Boeing 777-300ER 22 — 30 48 324 402
28 24 375 427
Irkut MC-21-300 — 266[17] 16 — 159 175[18] Additional order for 210 of its type in September 2022.[19][20]
First deliveries to begin in 2024.[21]
Sukhoi Superjet 100-95 — 89 12 — 75 87 Additional order for 89 of its type in September 2022.[19]
First deliveries to begin in 2023.[21]
Tupolev Tu-214 — 40 TBA Ordered in September 2022.[19] First deliveries to begin in 2023.[22]
Total 169 408

Retired

Шаблон:More citations needed

Aeroflot former mainline aircraft since 1954
Aircraft Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A310 1992[23] 2006[24]
Airbus A319-100 2003 2016[25]
Airbus A330-200 Шаблон:Unknown Шаблон:Unknown [26]
Antonov An-2 1948 Шаблон:Unknown
Antonov An-10 1959 1973
Antonov An-24 1962 Шаблон:Unknown
Antonov An-124 1980 2000 Cargo aircraft
Boeing 737-300SF 2008 2009 Cargo aircraft
Boeing 737-400 1998 2004 [27]
Boeing 767-300ER 1994 2015 [28][29]
Boeing 767-300ERF 1994 2014 Cargo aircraft[29]
Boeing 777-200ER 1998 2005
Ilyushin Il-12 1947 1970
Ilyushin Il-14 1954 Шаблон:Unknown
Ilyushin Il-18 1958 Шаблон:Unknown
Ilyushin Il-62 1967 2002
Ilyushin Il-76 1979 2004 Cargo aircraft
Ilyushin Il-86 1980 2006 [30][31]Шаблон:Rp[32]
Ilyushin Il-96-300 1993[33] 2014[34]
McDonnell Douglas DC-10F 1995 2009 Cargo aircraft
McDonnell Douglas MD-11F 2008[35] 2013[36] Cargo aircraft
Sukhoi Superjet 100 2011 2023 Transferred to subsidiary, Rossiya Airlines[37]
Tupolev Tu-104 1956 1979
Tupolev Tu-114 1961 1976
Tupolev Tu-124 1962 1980[38]
Tupolev Tu-134 1967 2007[39]
Tupolev Tu-144 1977 1978
Tupolev Tu-154 1968 2009
Tupolev Tu-204 1990 2005
Yakovlev Yak-40 1966 1995
Yakovlev Yak-42 1980[40] 2000

History and recent developments

During the Soviet era, almost all Aeroflot's airliners were built by Soviet manufacturers. During the 1940s and the early 1950s, the main aircraft was the Lisunov Li-2 a license-built version of the Douglas DC-3. The first to be produced in the Soviet Union was completed in 1939. DC-3s modified by fitting Soviet-made engines, named the PS-84, were also used later. The Li-2 would be replaced by the Ilyushin Il-12, which entered service in 1947, and the Ilyushin Il-14, which entered service in 1954. Aeroflot also operated thousands of the Antonov An-2 STOL biplane (first flying in 1947), in passenger and cargo roles. The An-2 remained in service until the 1980s.

Файл:Aeroflot Tu-104B CCCP-42403 LBG 1974-8-2.png
An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-104 at Le Bourget Airport in 1974

Aeroflot began operating the Tupolev Tu-104, reportedly named Silver Arrow,[41] with at least three in service between Moscow and the Russian Far East by Шаблон:Start date.[42] The Tu-104 was the USSR's first jet airliner.[43]Шаблон:Rp The first two routes on which it was deployed were the Moscow–Irkutsk and the Moscow–Yakutsk runs;[41] in Шаблон:Start date, the Moscow–Tiflis route became the third scheduled service flown with the aircraft.[44] Likewise, Moscow–Prague was the first international route served with the Silver Arrow.[41]

In 1962, Aeroflot began operating the Tupolev Tu-124, the smaller version of the Tu-104, on regional routes. These were later replaced by the Tupolev Tu-134, which entered service in 1967. The Tupolev Tu-114, originally used to transport Soviet leaders and once the worldШаблон:'s largest commercial aircraft, came into service on Шаблон:Start date on the Moscow–Khabarovsk route.[45][46] It also served international routes, such as Moscow] ] to Tokyo in conjunction with Japan Airlines,[47] as well as the Moscow–Havana route, which started on Шаблон:Start date—the airline's longest non-stop service at that time.[46][48] The first Ilyushin Il-62 long-range four-engined airliner entered service with Aeroflot in 1967, with an inaugural flight from Moscow to Montreal on 15 September.[49] It was complemented, in 1972, by medium-range Tupolev Tu-154. This jet is the most popular Russian airliner, with more than 1,000 made. The Tu-154M variant was delivered to Aeroflot in 1984.[40]

Файл:Aeroflot Il-86 CCCP-86080 FCO Feb 1992.png
An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-86 at Fiumicino Airport in 1992
Файл:Tupolev TU-144 (6060104119).jpg
An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-144

The carrier started flying the supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 on freighter services in 1975.[50] On Шаблон:Start date, the aircraft was deployed on the Шаблон:Convert long Moscow-Domodedovo–Alma-Ata route on a regular basis,[51] yet these services were discontinued in Шаблон:Start date.[52] That month, an aircraft of the type was written off after an emergency landing following an electrical failure, withdrawing political support to the project and putting an end to the production.[53] Despite official versions indicating the indefinite suspension of supersonic flights within the Soviet Union, a re-engined version of the aircraft was put on a test flight between Moscow and Khabarovsk in Шаблон:Start date,[54] and the Шаблон:Convert long route was later covered with scheduled services;[55] it was not a nonstop flight, however, since the aircraft had to make a refuelling stop, as the engines consumed more fuel than expected.[53]

First flown in Шаблон:Start date, the 120-seater Yakovlev Yak-42 entered service with Aeroflot in 1980.[40] The 350-seater Ilyushin Il-86, the first Russian-made wide-body aircraft,[56] had its maiden flight in Шаблон:Start date,[40][57] and entered scheduled services with the carrier on the Moscow-Vnukovo–Tashkent run in 1981.[58]Шаблон:NoteTag The aircraft was phased out by the end of 2006.[59]

Файл:Aeroflot Boeing 767-300ER VP-BAZ SVO 2001-4-1.png
An Aeroflot Boeing 767-300ER in retro livery on short final to Sheremetyevo Airport in 2001
Файл:Aeroflot A310-300 F-OGQR LHR 1994-8-5.png
An Airbus A310-300 is seen here on short final to London Heathrow Airport in Шаблон:Start date.

The first Western-made aircraft, the Airbus A310, was incorporated into the fleet in 1992. This milestone also made Aeroflot the first Russian customer for Airbus.[60][61] The first example of the Ilyushin Il-96, which was also the first Soviet fly-by-wire aircraft, had its maiden flight in 1988, and was certificated in Шаблон:Start date;[62] the first Aeroflot Il-96-300 entered the fleet in 1993,[33] and was initially deployed on the Moscow–New York City route in Шаблон:MONTHNAME that year.[63]Шаблон:Rp Pending approval for an Ex-Im Bank financing package, a contract worth Шаблон:US$ billion for the acquisition of twenty Il-96s, including ten Il-96T cargo aircraft and ten Il-96Ms that were initially slated for delivery between 1996 and 1999, was signed in Шаблон:Start date.[64] The Ex-Im Bank approved the loan in early 1996.[65] Boeing objected to the deal, but the dispute was later settled following an Aeroflot order for ten Boeing 737-400s —placed in Шаблон:Start date in a deal worth Шаблон:US$ million[66]— that were granted a tax exemption by the Russian government; nevertheless, the financing was blocked again when four Boeing 767-300ERs also ordered by Aeroflot were not included in the accorded exemption.[67] Later on these four aircraft were also exempted from paying customs taxes.[68] The first of these Boeing 767-300ERs commenced operating in Шаблон:Start date;[69] the airline had taken delivery of the first Boeing 737-400 in Шаблон:MONTHNAME the same year.[70]

From 1998 to 2005, Aeroflot leased two Boeing 777s, using the type on routes to the USA.[71]

Matters came to a head in September 2006 as Aeroflot's board of directors convened to vote on the Boeing contract. This coincided with the USA imposing sanctions on various Russian companies (including a major aircraft maker, Sukhoi) for allegedly supplying Iran in violation of the US's Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000 and with the Russian state-owned Vneshtorgbank buying 5% of the stock in EADS, the corporation behind Airbus. The state's representatives on the board abstained from the vote and another round of lobbying ensued, with Russian news sources reporting Aeroflot's efforts to placate the state by offering to order both 22 Boeing 787s and 22 Airbus 350s, effectively doubling its long-range fleet.[72] Banker Alexander Lebedev, the man behind National Reserve Corporation, reached a deal with Boeing to prolong the deadline, using his corporation's money.[73]

Файл:Aeroflot Airbus A330 Kustov.jpg
An Airbus A330-200 departing from Sheremetyevo Airport in 2011

In Шаблон:Start date, Aeroflot signed a memorandum of understanding with Airbus for the acquisition of 22 Airbus A350 XWBs,[74] and 10 Airbus A330-200s.[61][75] The transaction for the A350 XWBs was formalised late that year in a deal worth Шаблон:US$ billion.[76] The handover of the first A350 XWB was due to take place in 2015. Delivery has been delayed by three years, with the first aircraft to enter the fleet in 2018.[77] A contract for the acquisition of 22 Boeing 787 Dreamliners was signed in Шаблон:Start date,[78] reportedly consisting of Boeing 787-8s with deliveries starting in 2014;[79] in Шаблон:MONTHNAME the same year, Boeing officially announced that Aeroflot placed an order for these aircraft in a deal worth Шаблон:US$ billion.[80] The Airbus A330 order was split into five A330-200s and five A330-300s, scheduled to arrive on an operating lease starting in late 2008. The first Airbus A330 entered the fleet in late 2008; it was an A330-200 and was initially put into service on the Moscow–St. Petersburg route for testing purposes.[81] Despite the A330s having been initially aimed at providing interim capacity ahead of the arrival of both the Airbus A350s and the Boeing 787s the company had previously ordered, the type has been gradually incorporated into the fleet on a long-term basis. During the 2015 Paris Air Show, Aeroflot cancelled the Dreamliner order.[82]

Файл:Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet 100-95 RA-89002 SVO 2012-4-6.png
An Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet 100 at Sheremetyevo Airport in 2013

In Шаблон:Start date, Finnair announced the sale of its last two self-owned McDonnell Douglas MD-11s to Aeroflot which became part of the Russian airline's cargo fleet in 2008 and 2009.[83] On 31 December 2007, Aeroflot retired the last Tupolev Tu-134 after 40 years in service;[39] the last flight flew the Kaliningrad–Moscow route.[84] Aeroflot was forced to withdraw these aircraft from service due to noise restrictions. Fourteen Tu-134s comprised the type's fleet by that time; they were offered for sale to the sister companies.[85] The retirement of the last Tupolev Tu-154 occurred on 14 January 2010, after 40 years of service; the last flight the type operated was Yekaterinburg–Moscow, taking place on 31 December 2009.[86]

In September 2005, the company suspended direct flights between Moscow and Seattle.[87]

In 2005, Aeroflot ordered 30 Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft with 98 seats in one class. Later, the airline decided to upgrade the avionics (FMS and weather radar) and modify the aircraft configuration to have 87 seats in two classes, with extra cabin crew seat, lavatory and galley. To avoid delivery delays, the first 10 SSJ100s were delivered with the original "light" specification; subsequent aircraft were updated ("full").

In the first half of 2014, Sukhoi began to replace Aeroflot's "light" aircraft by "full" versions.[88] The last "full" version was delivered in June 2014; "light" aircraft are operated by other Russian airlines.[89]

Файл:Aeroflot Boeing 777-300ER VP-BGC SVO 2013-3-7.png
An Aeroflot Boeing 777-300ER lands at Sheremetyevo Airport in 2013. The type was first ordered in 2011.[90]

In Шаблон:Start date, Aeroflot announced a new A330 order during the Farnborough Airshow, this time for 11 A330-300s.[91] Also in Шаблон:Start date, Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin pressured Aeroflot to buy Russian-made aircraft for future expansion and fleet renewal.[92][93] On 1 September 2010, Aeroflot announced that it had plans to order a total of 126 Russian-built aircraft by 2020. The aircraft to be purchased are Irkut MS-21s, Sukhoi Superjet 100s, Antonov An-140s, and Antonov An-148s. The aircraft are to be used for fleet replacement in Aeroflot, as well as six other airlines of which Aeroflot is taking control.[92] In Шаблон:Start date, the carrier ordered eight Boeing 777-300ERs;[90] later that year the order was boosted to sixteen aircraft.[94] Aeroflot became the second worldwide operator of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 when Sukhoi delivered the first aircraft of the type to the company in Шаблон:Start date.[95] The first Boeing 777-300ER was handed over to the airline on 30 January 2013. Following delivery, it was planned to deploy the aircraft on the Moscow–Bangkok route, yet certification issues postponed these plans for days,[96] as permission to operate the aircraft was granted a few days later.[97] In addition to the current firm contract for 30 Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft, Aeroflot signed a letter of intent for a further 20 of the aircraft, announced in 2015.[98]

Aeroflot retired its three McDonnell Douglas MD-11 freighters from active service in Шаблон:End date citing their operation as no longer profitable.[36]

In 2015 the company expanded its fleet with three Boeing 777-300ERs, six 737-800s and four Sukhoi Superjets; and retired five Ilyushin Il-96s.[99] During the 2015 Paris Air Show, Aeroflot cancelled an order for 22 Boeing 787 Dreamliners.[82] In mid-2016 a deal for a further 10 leased Sukhoi Superjets was announced.[100] In November 2016, Aeroflot cancelled eight Airbus A350-800s from an order including these aircraft and 14 A350-900s and also announced that its cancelled Boeing 787 order would be transferred to Rostec subsidiary Avia Capital Services.[101][102][103]

Aeroflot firmed up an order for 20 Sukhoi Superjet 100s in July 2017 during the MAKS Air Show.[104] One month later, the airliner then approved plans to purchase additional 6 new Boeing 777-300ER to significantly strengthen the long-haul capabilities of its fleet, with deliveries of the aircraft scheduled from 2Q 2018 to 1Q 2019.[105][106][107] This is followed by another order of 100 Sukhoi Superjet 100 planes, made on 10 September 2018.[108] In addition to the orders, Aeroflot started to phase out its Airbus A330s in October 2019, in anticipation of bringing the Airbus A350s into service.[109] A few months later, Aeroflot took in its first A350 XWB, being the first airline in the CIS and Eastern Europe to do so.[110]

Due to sanctions as a result of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, aircraft Leasing firms such as AerCap, Avolon and BOC Aviation have terminated leases of Aeroflot's fleet and attempt to repossess its fleet. ACC Aviation Vice President Viktor Berta said "repossessing aircraft could prove challenging, especially if Russian aviation authorities and airlines do not cooperate with lessors."[111]

As of July 2022, Aeroflot ended its own Sukhoi Superjet 100 operations as these had all gradually been transferred to subsidiary Rossiya Airlines.[112]

Notes


References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

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  101. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Aeroflot cancels eight A350-800s не указан текст
  102. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Aeroflot transfers 787 deal to Avia Capital Services не указан текст
  103. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  104. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Aeroflot firms order for 20 SSJ100s не указан текст
  105. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  106. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  107. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  108. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  109. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  110. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  111. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  112. ↑ ch-aviation.com - Aeroflot ends in-house SSJ100/95 operations 30 June 2022
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