Английская Википедия:Agape
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other usesШаблон:Italicstitle Шаблон:Love sidebar
In Christianity, Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:IPAc-en;[1] Шаблон:Etymology) is "the highest form of love, charity" and "the love of God for man and of man for God".[2] This is in contrast to Шаблон:Transliteration, brotherly love, or Шаблон:Transliteration, self-love, as it embraces a profound sacrificial love that transcends and persists regardless of circumstance.
The verb form goes as far back as Homer, translated literally as affection, as in "greet with affection" and "show affection for the dead".[3] Other ancient authors have used forms of the word to denote love of a spouse or family, or affection for a particular activity, in contrast to Шаблон:Transliteration (an affection of a sexual nature).
In the New Testament, Шаблон:Transliteration refers to the covenant love of God for humans, as well as the human reciprocal love for God; the term necessarily extends to the love of one's fellow human beings.[4] Some contemporary writers have sought to extend the use of Шаблон:Transliteration into non-religious contexts.[5]
The concept of Шаблон:Transliteration has been widely examined within its Christian context.[6] It has also been considered in the contexts of other religions,[7] religious ethics,[8] and science.[9]
Early uses
There are few instances of the word Шаблон:Transliteration in polytheistic Greek literature. Bauer's Lexicon mentions a sepulchral inscription, most likely to honor a polytheistic army officer held in "high esteem" by his country.[10]
Christianity
The word Шаблон:Transliteration received a broader usage under later Christian writers as the word that specifically denoted Christian love or charity (Шаблон:Bibleverse), or even God himself. The expression "God is love" (Шаблон:Lang) occurs twice in the New Testament: 1 John Шаблон:Bibleref2-nb. Шаблон:Transliteration was also used by the early Christians to refer to the self-sacrificing love of God for humanity, which they were committed to reciprocating and practicing towards God and among one another (see Шаблон:Transliteration). This understanding is built upon the foundational Hebrew concept of Шаблон:Transliteration, or the loving kindness of God, which is taught throughout the Old Testament.
Шаблон:Transliteration has been expounded by many Christian writers in a specifically Christian context. C. S. Lewis uses Шаблон:Transliteration in The Four Loves to describe what he believes is the highest variety of love known to humanity: a selfless love that is passionately committed to the well-being of others.[11]
The Christian use of the term comes directly from the canonical Gospels' accounts of the teachings of Jesus. When asked what was the great commandment, "Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets." (Шаблон:Bibleverse) In Judaism, the first "love the Шаблон:LORD thy God" is part of the Shema (Шаблон:Bibleverse), while the second "love thy neighbour as thyself" is a commandment from Шаблон:Bibleverse.
In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus said:
Tertullian remarks in his 2nd century defense of Christians that Christian love attracted pagan notice: "What marks us in the eyes of our enemies is our loving kindness. 'Only look,' they say, 'look how they love one anotherШаблон:'" (Apology 39).
Anglican theologian O. C. Quick writes that Шаблон:Transliteration within human experience is "a very partial and rudimentary realization," and that "in its pure form it is essentially divine."
In the New Testament, the word Шаблон:Transliteration is often used to describe God's love. However, other forms of the word are used in an accusatory context, such as the various forms of the verb Шаблон:Transliteration. Examples include:
- Шаблон:Bibleverse— "for Demas hath forsaken me, having loved [[[:Шаблон:Transliteration]]] this present world...".
- Шаблон:Bibleverse— "For they loved [[[:Шаблон:Transliteration]]] the praise of men more than the praise of God."
- Шаблон:Bibleverse— "And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved [[[:Шаблон:Transliteration]]] darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil."
Karl Barth distinguishes Шаблон:Transliteration from Шаблон:Transliteration on the basis of its origin and depth of devotion without want. With Шаблон:Transliteration, humanity does not merely express its nature, but transcends it. Шаблон:Transliteration identifies with the interests of the neighbor "in utter independence of the question of his attractiveness" and with no expectation of reciprocity.[12]
Meal
Шаблон:Main The word Шаблон:Transliteration is used in its plural form (Шаблон:Transliteration) in the New Testament to describe a meal or feast eaten by early Christians, as in Jude Шаблон:Bibleverse-nb and 2nd Peter Шаблон:Bibleverse-nb. The Шаблон:Transliteration love feast is still observed by many Christian denominations today, especially among Brethren and other Plain, Anabaptist churches. For example, among the Old Order River Brethren and Old Brethren, a weekend is still set aside twice a year for special meetings, self examination and a communal Love Feast as part of their three-part Communion observance.
As law
According to 1 Timothy, Шаблон:Transliteration that "comes out of a pure heart, and of good conscience and of faith unfeigned" is the "end of the commandment" (Шаблон:Lang-grc). The contrast with the law (Шаблон:Lang-grc) is only that "law is good, if a man use it lawfully". Only, the biblical author cautions: "Some having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling. Desiring to be teachers of the law; understanding neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm".[13] This is because "the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient".[14]
Romans 13 teaches that "love is the fulfillment of the law", referencing the "armor of light" (see Armor of God), which becomes the foundation for the Шаблон:Lang: "let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armor of light".[15]
See also
- Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration: Greek terms for love
- Шаблон:Annotated link
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Judaism
Other religions
- Шаблон:Annotated link (Sanskrit: Шаблон:Transliteration)
- Шаблон:Annotated link
- Шаблон:Annotated link
References
Further reading
External links
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