Английская Википедия:Agathis robusta

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Agathis robusta, commonly known as Dundathu pine, kauri pine, Queensland kauri (pine), Australian kauri (pine) or smooth-barked kauri, is a coniferous tree in the family Araucariaceae. Although sometimes called a pine it is not a true pine, having leaves rather than needles. It has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Papua New Guinea and Queensland, Australia. Populations in Papua New Guinea may be treated as the distinct species Agathis spathulata.

Description

Agathis robusta is a large evergreen tree with a straight cylindrical trunk which can often reach a height of Шаблон:Cvt, and occasionally Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:R The trunk is usually around Шаблон:Cvt diameter at breast height (DBH), but occasionally may reach Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:R The bark is orange-brown to grey-brown, smooth, but shedding in large flakes.Шаблон:R

The linear-elliptic leaves are up to Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt wide,Шаблон:R with numerous fine parallel veins and no midrib.Шаблон:R They are carried on petioles measuring Шаблон:Cvt and are arranged in opposite pairs (rarely whorls of three) on the stem.Шаблон:R

The globose, green seed cones measure Шаблон:Cvt diameter with up to 440 scales, and mature in 18–20 months after pollination.Шаблон:R They disintegrate at maturity to release the seeds. The male (pollen) cones are cylindrical, Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt diameter.Шаблон:R

Taxonomy

The Queensland kauri was first described as Dammara robusta in 1859 by the German-born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller and published in the journal Quarterly Journal and Transactions of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria. In 1883 the Colonial Botanist of Queensland Frederick Manson Bailey published a paper in which he gave the species its current binomial name Agathis robusta.Шаблон:R

Subspecies

There are two recognised subspecies Шаблон:As of, namely Agathis robusta ssp. nesophila Whitmore, which is restricted to New Guinea and New Britain,Шаблон:R and the autonymous subspecies Agathis robusta ssp. robusta.Шаблон:R

Etymology

The genus name Agathis is from the Ancient Greek word ἀγαθίς, "ball of thread", a reference to the appearance of the female cones (seed cones).Шаблон:R The species epithet is derived from the Latin word rōbustus meaning "robust".Шаблон:R

Distribution and habitat

Agathis robusta occurs in three distinct locations — a southern population in southeast Queensland in the regions around Gympie, Maryborough, and K'gari (Fraser Island); another population in northeast Queensland in the regions from Ingham to Cooktown, including the Atherton Tablelands; and the third in New Guinea.Шаблон:R The north Queensland population was formerly recognised as Agathis palmerstonii, but is now considered to be synonymous with the southern grouping.Шаблон:R

The species grows in rainforest on well-drained soils of various types, at altitudes up to Шаблон:Cvt and where the rainfall is between Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:R

Ecology

The fruitШаблон:Dubious of the Queensland kauri are eaten by sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita).Шаблон:R

Conservation

Agathis robusta is listed by both the Queensland Department of Environment and Science and the IUCN as least concern. However, the IUCN assessment states that the "subspecies in Papua New Guinea has been assessed as Vulnerable" due to ongoing, albeit limited, logging.Шаблон:R

Pests and diseases

A number of Lepidoptera species utilise the Queensland kauri as a host plant, including Agathiphaga queenslandensis, Heteropsyche poecilochroma, Leipoxais rufobrunnea, Darna nararia, Orgyia australis, Achaea janata, and Lexias dirtea.Шаблон:R

Uses

This tree produces a high quality timber which was used for a variety of purposes such as cabinetmaking, joinery, framing, and plywood. This led to it being heavily logged from the mid-19th century, with the result that the large stands of these trees which were once common are now gone, although many individual trees may still be found. Logging in north Queensland continued until the establishment of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage area in 1987.Шаблон:R

State-owned plantations of kauri were established in both north and south Queensland in the first half of the 20th century and met with varying degrees of success; however, today little more than Шаблон:Cvt of plantation kauri exists.Шаблон:R

Gallery

• Specimen in the Cairns Botanic Gardens

  Specimen in the Cairns Botanic Gardens

• Trunk

  Trunk

• Near Freshwater Ck, Cairns

  Near Freshwater Ck, Cairns

• Foliage

  Foliage

• Female and male cones

  Female and male cones

• Scales and seeds from female cone

  Scales and seeds from female cone

• Seedling

  Seedling

• Harvesting kauri logs, circa 1912

  Harvesting kauri logs, circa 1912

External links

• Шаблон:Wikispecies-inline
• Шаблон:Commons category-inline
• View a map of historical sightings of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
• View observations of this species on iNaturalist
• View images of this species on Flickriver
• Agathis robusta at the Gymnosperm Database.