Английская Википедия:Agrawal

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox ethnic group Agrawal (anglicised as Agarwal, Agerwal, Agrawala, Agarwala, Agarwalla, Aggarwal, Agarawal or Agarawala) (a.k.a. Marwadi) is a Bania community. The Banias of northern India are really a cluster of several communities, of which the Agarwal Banias, Oswal Banias, and Porwal Banias are mentioned separately in connection with certain They are found throughout northern and central India, mainly in the states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and kashmir, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. They are also found in Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh, though at the time of the partition of India, most of them migrated across the newly created border to independent India. The majority religions followed by the Agrawals include Vaishnava Hinduism and Jainism.

It is saidШаблон:Who that the ancestor of Agrawal Samaj, Maharaja Agrasen a Kshatriya king, is one of the descendants of the Sanatan deity Shri Ram and their prime goddess was goddess Lakshmi Mahalaxmi who has given boon to the king and his descendants to be prosperous always by her and consort God Vishnu's kindness. Maharaja Agrasen was the king of Agroha Kingdom. This community is also known as one of the earliest business establishers.

Agrawals are Suryavamsha and belongs to Raghuvamsha house.Шаблон:Citation needed Members of the Agrawal community are known for their business acumen and have for many years been influential and prosperous in India. Even in modern-day tech and ecommerce companies, they continue to dominate. It was reported in 2013, that for every 100 in funding for e-commerce companies in India, 40 went to firms founded by Agrawals.

Файл:Agrasen ki Baoli, New Delhi, India - 20070127.jpg

Agrasen ki Baoli in Delhi, which was built by the Agrawal community during the Tughlaq dynasty in India.

History

Agrawals are one of the Bania (merchant) communities in India, which includes other mercantile communities like Maheshwari and Oswals.

In inscriptions and texts, the original home of the Agrawal community is stated as Agroha, near Hisar, Haryana.

• In Pradumna Charita of samvat 1411 (1354 AD), the Agrawal poet Sadharu wrote "अगरवाल की मेरी जात, पुर आगरोए महि उतपात" ("My jāti is Agarwal, and I trace my roots to the city of Agroha).
• In his Padma Purana of VS 1711 (AD 1654), Muni Sabhachandra writes "अग्रोहे निकट प्रभु ठाढे जोग, करैं वन्दना सब ही लोग|| अग्रवाल श्रावक प्रतिबोध, त्रेपन क्रिया बताई सोध||", (When Lohacharya was near Agroha, he taught the 53 actions to the Agrawal shravakas).
• In a Sanskrit inscription, the Agrawals are referred to as Agrotaka ("from Agroha"). A 1272 AD inscription states: "सं १३२९ चैत्र वुदी दशम्यां बुधवासरे अद्येह योगिनिपुरे समस्त राजावलि-समलन्कृत ग्यासदीन राज्ये अत्रस्थित अग्रोतक परम श्रावक जिनचरणकमल".

Some of the Agarwals adapted Jainism under the influence of Lohacharya.

Migration to Delhi

The Agrawal merchant Nattal Sahu, and the Agrawal poet Vibudh Shridhar lived during the reign of Tomara King Anangapal of Yoginipur (now Mehrauli, near Delhi). Vibudh Shridhar wrote Pasanahacariu in 1132 AD, which includes a historical account of Yoginipur (early Delhi near Mehrauli) then.

In 1354, Firuz Shah Tughluq had started the construction of a new city near Agroha, called Hisar-e-Feroza ("the fort of Firuz"). Most of the raw material for building the town was brought from Agroha. The town later came to be called Hisar. Hisar became a major center of the Agrawal community. Some Agrawals are also said to have moved to the Kotla Firoz Shah fort in Delhi, built by Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

Migration to Rajput kingdoms

During the era of Islamic administrative rule in India, some Agrawal, as with the Saraogi, migrated to the Bikaner State.Шаблон:Cn The Malkana include Muslim Agrawals, who converted from Hinduism to Islam during this time and were given land tracts along the Yamuna by Afghan rulers.

In the early 15th century, Agrawals flourished under the Tomaras of Gwalior.Шаблон:Fcn According to several Sanskrit inscription at the Gwalior Fort in Gwalior District, several traders (Sanghavi Kamala Simha, Khela Brahmachari, Sandhadhip Namadas etc.) belonging to Agrotavansha (Agrawal clan) supported the sculptures and carving of idols at the place. Historian K.C. Jain comments: Шаблон:Cquote

Migration to Eastern India

Later, during the Mughal rule, and during the British East India Company administration, some Agrawals migrated to Bihar and Calcutta, who became the major component of the Marwaris.Шаблон:Pn

Gotras

Agrawals belong to various gotras, traditionally said to be seventeen and a half in number. According to Bharatendu Harishchandra's Agarwalon ki Utpatti (1871), Agrasen - the legendary progenitor of the community - performed 17 sacrifices and left the eighteenth incomplete, resulting in this number. Bharatendu also mentions that Agrasen had 17 queens and a junior queen, but does not mention any connection between the number of gotras and the number of queens, or describe how the sacrifices led to the formation of the gotras.Шаблон:Sfn Another popular legend claims that a boy and girl from the Goyan gotra married each other by mistake, which led to the formation of a new "half" gotra. Another popular belief that since Maharaj Agrasen has 17 son and one daughter so where his daughter was married the gotra of daughter in laws were adopted as half gotra in Agrawals, thus 17.5 gotra. Шаблон:Sfn

Historically, there has been no unanimity regarding number and names of these seventeen and a half gotras, and there are regional differences between the list of gotras. The Akhil Bhartiya Agrawal Sammelan, a major organization of Agrawals, has created a standardized list of gotras, which was adopted as an official list by a vote at the organization's 1983 convention.Шаблон:Sfn Because the classification of any particular gotra as "half" is considered insulting, the Sammelan provides a list of following 18 gotras:Шаблон:Sfn

Gotra	Original Gotra	Lord	Saint (Guru)	Veda	Branch	Sutra
Airan/Aeron	Aurva	Indramal	Atri/Aaurva	Yajurveda	Madhyadini/Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Bansal	Vatsya	Virbhan	Vishist/Vatsa	Samaveda	Kouthmi/Kauttham	Gobhil
Bindal or Vindal	Vishist	Vrinddev	Yavasya or Vashista	Yajurveda	Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Bhandal	Dhoumya	Vasudev	Bhardwaj	Yajurveda	Madhyadini or Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Dharan or Deran	Dhanyas	Dhavandev	Bhekaar or Ghaumya	Yajurveda	Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Garg or Gargeya	Gargasya	Pushpadev	Gargacharya or Garg	Yajurveda	Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Goyal, Goel or Goenka	Gomil	Gendumal	Gautam or Gobhil	Yajurveda	Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Goyan, Gangal	Gautan	Godhar	Purohit or Gautam	Yajurveda	Madhyadini or Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Jindal	Gemino	Jaitrasangh	Bruhaspati or Jaimini	Yajurveda	Madhyadini or Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Kansal	Kaushik	Manipal	Kaushik	Yajurveda	Madhyadini or Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Kuchhal, Kuchchal	Kashyap	Karanchand	Kush or Kashyap	Samaveda	Kosami or Kauttham	Komaal
Madhukul/Mudgal	Mudgal	Madhavsen	Aashvalayan/Mudgal	Rigveda/Yajurveda	Saalaya/Sakalya	Aslayin
Mangal	Maandav	Amritsen	Mudragal/Mandavya	Rigveda/Yajurveda	Sakalya	Asusai
Mittal	Maitreya	Mantrapati	Vishwamitra/Maitreya	Yajurveda	Madhyadini/Madhuri	Kaatyayni
Nangal/Nagal	Naagend	Narsev	Kaudalya/Nagendra	Samaveda	Kouthmi/Kauttham	Aslayin
Singhal/Singla	Shandalya	Sindhupati	Shringi/Shandilya	Samaveda	Koyumi/Kauttham	Gobhil
Tayal	Taitireya	Tarachand	Saakal/Taitireya	Yajurveda/Kri	Madhyadini/Aausthambh	Kaatyayni
Tingal/Tunghal	Taandav	Tambolkarna	Shandilya/Tandya	Yajurveda	Madhyadini/Madhuri	Kaatyayn

The existence of all the gotras mentioned in the list is controversial, and the list does not include several existing clans such as Kotrivala, Pasari, Mudgal, Tibreval, and Singhla.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Qn

See also

• Agrawal Jain
• List of Agrawals

References

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Шаблон:Commonscatinline