Английская Википедия:Aguja Formation

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Шаблон:Infobox rockunit

Файл:North america 75mya.png
Paleogeography of the Campanian

The Aguja Formation is a geological formation in North America, exposed in Texas, United States and Chihuahua and Coahuila in Mexico, whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1] Fossil palms have also been unearthed here.[2]

Age

The ages of the Aguja Formation and its primary fossil-bearing unit, the Upper Shale, are not well understood. Due to the presence of the ammonite Baculites mclearni, which only occurs from 80.67 - 80.21 Ma, in the underlying Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone and the Terlingua Creek Sandstone, it is likely that the Upper Shale was younger than 80.2 Ma.[3] A radiometric date of 76.9 Ma was recovered in the Upper Shale, making it likely the formation wasn't younger than 76.9 Ma.[3] The contact with the overlying Javelina Formation has been estimated at about 70 Ma ago[4] but also as recently as 68.5 million years ago.[5] This is unlikely, however, due to the presence of Bravoceratops, more primitive than an unnamed chasmosaurine from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation, in the lowermost section of the formation.[6] The age of the Basal Sandstone is constrained by the presence of Scaphites hippocrepis III in the overlying Pen Formation which has been dated as old as 81.53 Ma.[3][7]

Paleofauna

Файл:Hadrosaur bone in the Aguja Formation by Nick Longrich.jpg
A duckbilled dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) caudal vertebra from the Aguja Formation

Reptiles

2 fragmentary caudal vertebrae of indeterminate reptiles are known from the Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8]

Pseudosuchians

Crurotarsans of the Aguja Formation
Genus Species Location Member Material Notes Images
Crocodilia Indeterminate Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] Teeth.[8] A crocodilian.
Deinosuchus[9] D. riograndensis Texas,[9] Chihuahua, and Coahuila[10] Osteoderm and mandible fragment A giant alligatoroid.
Файл:Deinosuchus riograndensis.png
cf. D. sp. West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Cervical osteoderm (TMM 44068-2).[11] An alligatoroid.
Файл:Deinosuchus illustration Andrey Atuchin.jpg
Goniopholididae New genus & species West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Partial skull & skeleton along with isolated osteoderms & teeth.[11] May pertain to Denazinosuchus or a related taxon.
Phobosuchus[9] P. riograndensis[9] Texas,[9] Chihuahua, and Coahuila Reclassified as a Deinosuchus species

Ornithischians

Ornithischians of the Aguja Formation
Genus Species Location Member Material Notes Images
Agujaceratops A. mariscalensis Texas[12] Low Upper Shale[13] Formerly considered a species of Chasmosaurus[12]
Файл:Agujaceratops BW.jpg
A. mavericus West Texas[14] A chasmosaurine.
Angulomastacator A. daviesi Texas[15] Upper Shale[15] A left maxilla.[15] A lambeosaurine.
Файл:Life reconstruction of Angulomastacator daviesi.png
Ankylosauridae Indeterminate Texas[16] Osteoderms, vertebrae & limb elements.[16] Remains of an ankylosaurid, possibly represents Euoplocephalus sp.[16]
Aquilarhinus[17] A. palimentus Texas[18] Lower Shale[18] Formerly referred to Kritosaurus and Gryposaurus.[19]
Файл:Aquilarhinus palimentus.png
Ceratopsidae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Ilia, sacral vertebra & sacral ribs.[11] May represent Agujaceratops, but undiagnostic.
Chasmosaurus[20] C. mariscalensis[21] Texas[21] [Twelve] disarticulated skull (sic), postcrania, juvenile."[22] Considered by paleontologists Lucas, Sullivan, and Hunt to be distinct enough from the Chasmosaurus type species, C. belli to warrant being split off to a new genus, Agujaceratops.[12]
Edmontonia E. sp[23] Texas[16] Osteoderm (TVP 45866-2) & skull (AMNH 3076).[16] A nodosaurid.
Файл:Edmontonia dinosaur.png
cf. Euoplocephalus[21] E. sp[21] Texas[16] Upper Shale[16] Osteoderms, sacrum & vertebra (TL-05-14).[16] An ankylosaurid.
Файл:Euoplocephalus BW.jpg
Kritosaurus[20] Indeterminate[20] Chihuahua[24]
Файл:Kritosaurus BW.jpg
Malefica M. deckerti Texas[25] Upper Shale[25] A partial left maxilla.[25] Formerly referred to Kritosaurus.[25]
Nodosauridae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Isolated & associated osteoderms.[11] Very similar to osteoderms of Invictarx.
Panoplosaurus P. mirus Texas[16] Osteoderm (TMM 45605-4).[16] A nodosaurid.
Файл:Panoplosaurus 055.JPG
Texacephale T. langstoni Texas[13] Low Upper Shale[13] Two frontoparietal domes.[13] A pachycephalosaur.
Файл:Texacephale langstoni skull dome by Nick Longrich.png
Yehuecauhceratops Y. mudei[26] Coahuila[27] A centrosaurine.
Файл:Yehuecauhceratops.jpg

Theropods

Indeterminate ornithomimid remains are known from the Upper Aguja Formation.[28] Indeterminate tyrannosaurid fossils are known from the Upper Aguja Formation of Texas and Mexico.[29]

Theropods of the Aguja Formation
Genus Species Location Member Material Notes Images
Avialae incertae sedis West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 4 teeth (TMM 45947-349, 350, 351).[30] A bird.
Chirostenotes C. sp. Texas[31] Femur & manual ungual.[31] A caenagnathid
Файл:Volant Chirostenotes.jpg
Dromaeosauridae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Pedal phalanges (TMM 45909-2, TMM 44066-4).[11] A dromaeosaur.
cf. Dromaeosaurus[32] Indeterminate[32] Texas[21]
Файл:Dromaeosaurus Restoration.png
Leptorhynchos L. gaddisi Texas[31] Dentaries, caudal vertebra & limb elements.[31] A caenagnathid
Файл:Leptorhynchos by Nick Longrich.jpg
Ornithomimidae New genus & species West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Vertebrae, ischium & limb elements.[11] An unnamed species referred to informally as the 'Aguja ornithomimid'.
cf. Paronychodon West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 2 incomplete teeth (TMM 45947-362).[30] A maniraptoran.
Файл:Paronychodon.png
Richardoestesia R. cf. gilmorei Texas[33] Low Upper Shale[33] Fragment of a small tooth.[33] A coelurosaur.
Файл:Ojo Alamo cf. Richardoestesia sp profile reconstruction.jpg
R. isosceles Big Bend National Park, Texas[33] Low Upper Shale[33] Teeth.[33] A coelurosaur.
Saurornitholestes S. cf. langstoni Texas[30][33] Low Upper Shale & Lower Shale[30][33] Teeth.[30][33] A dromaeosaur.
Файл:Saurornitholestes digging Burrows wahweap.jpg
Theropoda incertae sedis Morphotype A West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 8 teeth.[30] Unserrated, recurved teeth.
Morphotype B West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 5 tooth crowns.[30] Bi-serrated teeth.
Morphotype C West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 7 teeth.[30] Finely serrated, distal plication only.
Morphotype D West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 5 teeth.[30] Short, coarsely serrated distal plication.
Morphotype E West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] A tooth.[30] Strongly recurved, serrated distal plication.
Morphotype F West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 2 tooth fragments.[30] Medium size, finely serrated plications.
cf. Troodon[34] Indeterminate[34] Texas[21]
Файл:Troodon (cropped).jpg
Tyrannosauridae Indeterminate West Texas[30][35] Upper Shale[35] & Lower Shale[11][30] Isolated teeth & a handful of non-dental specimens.[30][35] A relatively small & gracile tyrannosaurid.[35]

Lepidosaurs

Lepidosaurs of the Aguja Formation
Genus Species Location Member Material Notes Images
Anguidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Texas.[36] Isolated osteoderms & partial right frontal.[36] An anguid.
Apsgnathus A. triptodon Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements.[36] A scincomorph.
Catactegenys C. solaster Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements & teeth.[36] A night lizard.
Dryadissector D. shilleri West Texas.[30] Lower Shale.[30] Numerous isolated teeth.[30] A varanoid.
Mosasauridae Indeterminate Ten Bits Ranch.[8] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 1 partial vetebra.[8] A mosasaur.
Odaxosaurus O. piger Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements.[36] An anguid.
cf. Parasaniwa cf. P. wyomingensis Texas.[36] Jaw fragments.[36] A platynotan.
Platynota Gen. et. sp. indet. Texas.[36] Dorsal vertebra (TMM 43057-332).[36] A platynotan.
?Scincidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements.[36] A possible skink.
cf. Scincomorpha Gen. et. sp. indet. Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements.[36] A scincomorph.
Serpentes Gen. et. sp. indet. Texas.[36] Partial left dentary & right maxilla.[36] A snake.
cf. Xenosauridae Texas.[36] Osteoderms & maxillae.[36] A knob-scaled lizard.

Turtles

Testudines of the Aguja Formation
Genus Species Location Member Material Notes Images
Adocus A. sp. Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale[37] Shell fragments.[37] An adocid.
Файл:Adocus shell illustration.png
Baenidae Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale[37] Shell fragments.[37] 2 morphotypes present (A & B).
Basilemys B. sp. Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale & Lower Shale[11][37] Shell fragments, partial plastron & leg scutes.[11][37] A nanhsiungchelyid.
Файл:Basilemys.jpg
Bothremydidae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Isolated peripheral bones (TMM 44068-1, 42452-8); costal bones (TMM 44064-6).[11] A bothremydid, compatible with Chupacabrachelys.
Chupacabrachelys C. complexus Big Bend, Texas.[38] Base of the Upper Shale[38] A complete skull, and a nearly complete skeleton.[38] A bothremydid.
Файл:Chupacabrachelys cropped.png
cf. Denazinemys cf. D. sp. West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Shell elements.[11] A baenid.
cf. Helopanoplia Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale[37] Shell fragments.[37] A softshell turtle.
cf. Hoplochelys Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale[37] Shell fragments.[37] A kinosternoid.
Terlinguachelys T. fischbecki Big Bend National Park, Texas[39] Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone[39] A large, incomplete specimen.[39] A protostegid.
Testudines indeterminate[8] Morphotype 1[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A shell fragment.
Morphotype 2[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A shell fragment.
Morphotype 3[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A shell fragment.
Morphotype 4[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A shell fragment.
Trionychidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale & Lower Shale[11][37] Costal bone (TMM 44068-4) & shell fragments.[37] A softshell turtle.

Bony Fish

Approximately 75 whole and broken fragments of coprolites are known from the Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member, presumably from bony fish.[8]

Bony fish of the Aguja Formation
Genus Species Location Member Material Notes Images
Albula A. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 390 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A bonefish.
Файл:Bonefish Albula vulpes.jpg
?Enchodus ?E. sp. Ten Bits ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 2 abraded teeth.[40] An aulopiform.
Файл:Enchodus petrosus.png
Eotexachara E. malateres West Texas[41] Dentaries.[41] A characiform.
Lepidotes ?L. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Approximately 109 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A lepidotid.
Melvius M. sp. West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Vertebrae.[11] An amiid.
Osteichthyes Indeterminate species A Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 11 complete teeth.
Indeterminate species B Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 8 complete and fragmentary teeth.
Indeterminate species C Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 1 complete tooth.
Indeterminate species D Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 1 complete and 1 partial tooth.
Indeterminate Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] Approximately 475 complete and fragmentary teleost centra.[40]
Paralbula P. casei Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Approximately 900 complete and fragmentary teeth and tooth caps.[40]
Primuluchara P. laramidensis West Texas[41] Dentaries.[41] A characiform.
Stephanodus ?S. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 21 whole and fragmentary specimens.[40] A pycnodont.

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish of the Aguja Formation
Genus Species Location Member Material Notes Images
Brachyrhyzodus B. wichitaensis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 11 complete teeth.[40]
Cantioscyllium C. aff. meyeri Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 1 anterior tooth and 5 lateral teeth.[8] A nurse shark.
Chiloscyllium C. aff. greeni Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] Approximately 90 abraded and fragmentary teeth.[40] A bamboo shark.
Chondrichthyes[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 23 placoid scales and 69 dermal scales. 4 morphotypes of placoid scales (A to D) present.
Columbusia C. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 20 complete & fragmentary teeth.[40] A wobbegong.
Cretalamna C. appendiculata Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 3 fragmentary teeth.[8] Reassigned to C. cf. C. sarcoportheta.[40]
C. cf. C. sarcoportheta Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 3 incomplete teeth & fragments of additional teeth.[40] Originally reported as C. appendiculata.
Файл:Cretalamna reconstruction.png
Cretorectolobus[8] C. olsoni Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] "20 complete and fragmentary teeth". A carpet shark.
Hybodontidae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Fragment of a dorsal fin spine (TMM 42536-10).[11] A hybodont.
Hybodus[8] H. sp. Ten Bits Ranch. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 2 specimens, one complete and one partial tooth. A hybodont.
Файл:Hybodus hauffianus.png
Igdabatis I. indicus? Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] A single incomplete tooth.[8][40] A myliobatid.
Ischyrhiza I. cf. avonicola Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 5 complete and fragmentary rostral teeth.[40] A sawskate.
I. mira Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 11 fragmentary rostral teeth and 230 whole and fragmentary oral teeth.[40] A sawskate.
Файл:Ischyrhiza mira.jpg
Lonchidion L. selachos Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 4 complete and 5 fragmentary teeth.[8][40] A hybodont.
Meristodon M. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 2 teeth.[40] A hybodont.
Myliobatiformes Incertae sedis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 3 complete specimens.[40]
Protoplatyrhina P. renae Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 70 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A hypsobatid.
Ptychotrygon P. agujaensis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 690 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A sawskate.
P. triangularis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 170 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A sawskate.
P. aff. cuspidata Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 7 whole and fragmentary teeth.[40] A sawskate.
P. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] One complete tooth (TMM 46018-71).[40] A sawskate.
Файл:Ptychotrygon sp.jpg
Rhinobatos R. casieri Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] "14 complete and fragmentary specimens". A guitarfish.
R. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 18 complete & fragmentary specimens.[40] A guitarfish.
Rhombodus R. levis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 22 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A rajiforme.
Scapanorhynchus S. texanus Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 800 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A mitsukurinid.
Файл:Scapanorhynchus lewisii.jpg
Sclerorhynchidae Morphotype 1 Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] One fragmentary rostral spine (TMM 46018-59).[40] A sawskate.
Morphotype 2 Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] One fragmentary rostral spine (TMM 46018-60).[40] A sawskate.
Morphotype 3 Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 3 fragmentary rostral teeth.[40] A sawskate.
Morphotype 4 Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 27 fragmentary rostral spines.[40] A sawskate.
Serratolamna S. cf. S. caraibaea Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] About 34 teeth.[40] A mackerel shark.
Squalicorax S. kaupi Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] "26 complete and fragmentary anterior and lateral teeth". An anacoracid.
Файл:MenuhaSqualicoraxKaupi.jpg
S. aff. S. lindstromi Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 4 specimens.[40] An anacoracid.
S. pristodontus Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 2 specimens. An anacoracid.
Файл:Squalicorax pristodontus Agassiz, 1843 1.jpg
S. aff. S. yangaensis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 4 complete & several fragmentary teeth.[40] An anacoracid.
Squatina S. hassei Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A single complete specimen. An angelshark.
S. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] A complete tooth & 2 fragmentary teeth.[40] An angelshark.
Texatrygon T. cf. T. copei Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 4 complete & fragmentary teeth.[40] A sawskate formerly reported as T. hooveri.
T. hooveri Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 4 complete and fragmentary specimens.[8] Reassigned to T. cf. T. copei.

Invertebrates

Ammonites

Ammonites of the Aguja Formation
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes Images
Baculites B. mclearni
  • Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone
  • Terlingua Creek Sandstone
Hoplitoplacenticeras H. plasticum Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone
Pachydiscus P. paulsoni Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone
Файл:Pachydiscus neubergicus.jpg

Шаблон:Paleobiota-key-compact

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Portal bar

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  5. Sankey, J. (2010). Faunal composition and significance of high–diversity, mixed bonebeds containing Agujaceratops mariscalensis and other dinosaurs, Aguja Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Big Bend, Texas. In New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium (pp. 520-537).
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  38. 38,0 38,1 38,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
  39. 39,0 39,1 39,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
  40. 40,00 40,01 40,02 40,03 40,04 40,05 40,06 40,07 40,08 40,09 40,10 40,11 40,12 40,13 40,14 40,15 40,16 40,17 40,18 40,19 40,20 40,21 40,22 40,23 40,24 40,25 40,26 40,27 40,28 40,29 40,30 40,31 40,32 40,33 40,34 40,35 40,36 40,37 40,38 40,39 40,40 40,41 40,42 40,43 40,44 40,45 40,46 40,47 40,48 40,49 40,50 40,51 40,52 40,53 40,54 40,55 40,56 40,57 40,58 40,59 40,60 40,61 40,62 40,63 40,64 40,65 40,66 40,67 40,68 40,69 40,70 40,71 40,72 40,73 40,74 40,75 40,76 40,77 40,78 40,79 40,80 40,81 40,82 40,83 40,84 40,85 40,86 40,87 40,88 40,89 40,90 40,91 40,92 40,93 40,94 40,95 Шаблон:Cite journal
  41. 41,0 41,1 41,2 41,3 Шаблон:Cite journal