Английская Википедия:Ahi Ayna
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox royalty Ghiyāth al-Dīn Ahī Ayna Beg (Шаблон:Lang-hy; Шаблон:Lang-grc-x-medieval; Old Anatolian Turkish: Шаблон:Lang; died 2–3 July 1362) was Emir of Erzincan from 1348 until his death. Thought to be a local ahī, he gained control of the region and city of Erzincan through a purchase from his predecessor sometime before 1348. He was initially loyal to Eretna, after whose death he practiced some degree of autonomy within the Eretnid Sultanate. He waged multiple wars against the Empire of Trebizond and Kingdom of Georgia. He is recorded to have died a shahīd (martyr) and was succeeded by Pīr Ḥusayn.
Background
The region around Erzincan was located to the south of Empire of Trebizond. Although not part of it, it had significant commercial links with Trebizond, being mostly inhabited by Christian Armenians but administered by a Muslim ruler.Шаблон:Sfn It came under the rule of Ilkhanid officer Eretna at an unknown date in the first half of the 14th century. After his victory in 1343 at Karanbük (between Erzincan and Sivas) against the Chobanid army led by Suleiman Khan, Eretna declared independence as the sultan of his domains, minting his own coins and having the khuṭba delivered in his name.Шаблон:Sfn
Reign
A local ahī, Ahī Ayna purchased control of Erzincan from his predecessor sometime before 1348 according to Bazm-u Razm written by Aziz bin Ardashir-i Astarabadi.Шаблон:Sfn Ahī Ayna first appears in records as a vassal of Eretna circa 1348.Шаблон:Sfn Michael Panaretos wrote that in June 1348, Ahī Ayna led a joint attack against the Empire of Trebizond together with Tur Alī Beg of Aq Qoyunlu Turkmens and Muḥammad Rikābdār, the emir of Bayburt. He returned to Erzincan after 3 days of campaign was inconclusive.Шаблон:Sfn
Following Eretna's death, Ahī Ayna exercised autonomy and attempted to increase his sphere of influence.Шаблон:Sfnm An Armenian colophon of 1355 mentions that Ahī Ayna was attacked by "Khochay Yali," likely Khoja Latif of Bayburt.Шаблон:Sfn In June 1362, Ghiyāth al-Dīn Ahī Ayna Beg went on an expedition in Georgia. He captured Akhaltsikhe, Samstskhe, and Atsquri, took 12,000 people captive, and had Manglisi pay jizya.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 August 1361, Ahī Ayna continued his expedition in the region of Lazica, i.e. eastern territories of the Empire of Trebizond. In October of that year, he besieged but wasn't able to capture the fortresses of Golacha and Koukos.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
Ahī Ayna was the suzerain of three other emirates, namely those in Erzurum, Bayburt, and Karahisar. His core territory stretched from the Erzincan Plain southwards to Upper Euphrates Valley near Çaltı. Kemah was under the administration of a governor instead of a vassal emir like Ahī Ayna.Шаблон:Sfn Although Ahī Ayna acted semi-independently during the reign of Ghiyāth al-Dīn Muḥammad I of the Eretnid Sultanate, an Eretnid coin minted in Erzincan from the year 1359 indicates that Ahī Ayna's subordinate position continued and he never declared independence.Шаблон:Sfnm
Ahī Ayna died on 2–3 July 1362 reportedly as a shahīd (martyr), suggesting a violent death.Шаблон:Sfn Pīr Ḥusayn, who was originally the ruler of Karahisar, arrived in Erzincan on 8 June 1362 and succeeded Ahī Ayna Beg. He "gained independence" on 10 July, having clashed with emirs who fled to Bayburt and Tercan. In Abū Bakr Quṭbī's Ta'rīkh-i taqwīm, he is mentioned as an Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lit) following the statement about Ahī Ayna's demise, hinting at the possibility he was Ahī Ayna's son.Шаблон:Sfn
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