Английская Википедия:Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musa al-Razi
Шаблон:Short description Aḥmad al-Rāzī (April 888 – 1 November 955), full name Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Rāzī al-Kinānī,Шаблон:Sfn was a Muslim historian of Persian origin who wrote the first narrative history of Islamic rule in Spain.Шаблон:Sfn Later Muslim historians considered him the father of Islamic historiography in Spain and the first to provide a narrative framework rather than bare facts.Шаблон:Sfn
A native of Córdoba, he came from a Persian merchant family. He worked for the Umayyad court, which gave him unparalleled access to official documents and archives. Besides history, he wrote genealogies.
Life
Aḥmad al-Rāzī was born in April 888 in Córdoba, then the capital of the al-Andalus. His father was a merchant from Rayy, which is the origin of the name al-Rāzī. His work brought him to al-Andalus.Шаблон:Sfn He worked for the Umayyad ruler of al-Andalus as a spy in North Africa and died in 890.Шаблон:Sfn His family chose to remain in Córdoba, where Aḥmad spent his entire life.Шаблон:Sfn As a child he had the same tutor as the future caliph, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, which provided him with a connection to the royal court. He came to work for the central government and used his access to official documents and archives to compile his chronicle.Шаблон:Sfn He died in Córdoba on 1 November 955.Шаблон:Sfn His chronicle was continued by his son, ʿĪsā al-Rāzī.Шаблон:Sfn
Writings
Aḥmad al-Rāzī wrote four known works in Arabic, but none survives complete:Шаблон:Sfn
- Akhbār mulūk al-Andalus (Reports on the Kings of al-Andalus), his chronicleШаблон:Sfn
- Kitāb al-istīʿāb (Full Comprehension), a book of Andalusian genealogiesШаблон:Sfn
- Kitāb aʿyān al-mawālī bi-l-Andalus (Eminent Clients of al-Andalus), a biographical dictionary of mawālī that may have been a part of Kitāb al-istīʿāb, mentioned by al-Qāḍī ʿIyād and Ibn al-AbbārШаблон:Sfn
- a description of Córdoba in imitation of the style of Ibn Abī Ṭāhir Ṭayfūr's Taʿrīkh Baghdad
The Akhbār mulūk, including its continuation, is a lost work. It is known only from quotations by other historians and a late medieval translation of a part of it.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Its scope was limited to Spain and it was divided into three parts. The first concerned the geography of Spain, the second its history before the arrival of Islam and the third its history from the Umayyad conquest in 711 down to the author's present.Шаблон:Sfn It seems that Aḥmad's work extended to the accession of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III in 912, after which his son took over.Шаблон:Sfn
Among those authors who quote the Akhbār mulūk are al-Zubaydī, Ibn al-Faraḍī, Ibn Ḥayyān, al-Ḥumaydī, al-Ḍabbī and Yāqūt al-Rūmī.Шаблон:Sfn An original translation from Arabic into Portuguese of only a part of Aḥmad's chronicle was made at the court of King Denis of Portugal around 1300.Шаблон:Sfn The translator, Gil Peres, had help from an Arab. This translation is lost, but it was the main source for the Cronica geral de Espanha de 1344 of King Denis's son, Pedro Afonso. This too is lost.Шаблон:Sfn
Both Portuguese works, however, were translated into Castilian and copies of these translations survive. The Castilian version of the Akhbār mulūk, called the Crónica del moro Rasis (Chronicle of the Moor al-Rāzī), dates to about 1425/1430. It survives in three 15th-century manuscripts.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It is limited to the first and second parts of the original work. The Castilian version of the Cronica geral survives in two manuscripts from between the 14th and 16th centuries. It preserves more of the original, including an abridged version of the conquest of 711 and the Islamic period.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
Bibliography
Works cited
Further reading
- Английская Википедия
- 888 births
- 955 deaths
- People from Córdoba, Spain
- 10th-century historians from al-Andalus
- 10th-century Arabic-language writers
- 10th-century Iranian historians
- Geographers from Al-Andalus
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