Английская Википедия:Ahudemmeh

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox Christian leader AhudemmehШаблон:Refn (Шаблон:Lang-syr, Шаблон:Lang-ar) was the Grand Metropolitan of the East in the Syriac Orthodox Church from 559 until his execution in 575. He was known as the Apostle of the Arabs,Шаблон:Sfnp and is commemorated as a saint by the Syriac Orthodox Church.Шаблон:Sfnp

Biography

Early life

Ahudemmeh was born at Balad, northwest of Mosul and then part of the Sasanian Empire, to a dyophysite family, but became a non-Chalcedonian miaphysite upon reaching maturity and later became a monk.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp It was previously asserted that he was the bishop of Nineveh of the same name that had attended the synod of the dyophysite Patriarch Joseph of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in 554, but this has since been refuted.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp At some point, according to the Ecclesiastical History of John of Ephesus, Ahudemmeh and a number of bishops and priests were engaged in a dispute with Joseph and eventually a formal disputation was arranged by Shahanshah Khosrow I, who was to act as arbiter.Шаблон:Sfnp The dispute may have resulted either from theological or personal differences.Шаблон:Sfnp Ahudemmeh led his faction in the debate and argued in favour of miaphysitism, for which Khosrow deemed him to be the victor and granted freedom of worship and permission to build churches.Шаблон:Sfnp

Grand Metropolitan of the East

In 559 (AG 870), he was ordained as bishop of Beth Arbaye and Grand Metropolitan of the East by a fellow miaphysite, Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Catholicos Christopher I of Armenia is attested to have ordained Ahudemmeh as bishop of Beth Arbaye by Bar Hebraeus in his Ecclesiastical History, however, this has since been disregarded due to the argument of François Nau.Шаблон:Sfnp It is suggested that he may have already established himself at Tikrit by this time.Шаблон:Sfnp Ahudemmeh's ordination as Grand Metropolitan of the East thereby cemented the schism within the Church of the East and established a separate miaphysite ecclesiastical organisation, later known as the Syriac Orthodox Church of the East, in opposition to the dyophysites, who remained the majority amongst Christians in the Sasanian Empire.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

He then set about preaching miaphysite Christianity in the region of Beth Arbaye, which stretched from Tikrit in the south to Nisibis in the north, bound in the west by the Khabur and the Tigris in the east,Шаблон:Sfnp and was inhabited by Arab tribes, the Tanukh, Banu Uqayl, and Tayy.Шаблон:Sfnp Ahudemmeh travelled amongst the Arabs, during which time he is credited with a number of miracles, including the exorcism of a sheikh's daughter, expulsion of demons from places of worship, purification of lepers, and curing the sick.Шаблон:Sfnp At the encampments of the nomadic Arabs, Ahudemmeh preached Christianity, performed baptisms, consecrated a priest and deacon for each community, and established churches named after clan leaders, thus encouraging their participation and leadership.Шаблон:Sfnp

Ahudemmeh also constructed a monastery of Saint Sergius at ‘Ain Qena, in which he deposited some relics, and another monastery at Ga‘tani, near Qronta, a village opposite Tikrit.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp The monastery of Saint Sergius was built in imitation of the church of Saint Sergius at Resafa in Roman Syria with the intention of attracting Arab pilgrims away from the latter and offered support for travellers and the poor.Шаблон:Sfnp It was identified as the ruins of Qasr Sarij, near Balad, by Jean Maurice Fiey in 1956, and its construction placed in 565 by David Oates.Шаблон:Sfnp Ignatius Jacob III alternatively gives 570 as the year of the monastery's construction.Шаблон:Sfnp Dyophysites set the monastery of Saint Sergius aflame, but it was rebuilt and restored by Khosrow.Шаблон:Sfnp

Later life

He continued his missionary work amongst the Magi at Tikrit and converted a son of Khosrow, who adopted the name George upon his baptism by Ahudemmeh.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp For this, Ahudemmeh was imprisoned and eventually beheaded on Khosrow's orders on 2 August 575 (AG 886).Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp His body was retrieved and moved to the monastery near Qronta by one of its monks and some of his relics were also later taken to a church dedicated to him at Tikrit.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp He was commemorated in a hagiography by an unknown author.Шаблон:Sfnp

Works

Ahudemmeh is identified as the author of the same name of several philosophical works, including treatises on the definitions of logic, fate and predestination, the soul, man as a microcosm, and the composition of man’s body and soul.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp He is also credited with a Syriac grammatical text, which was based on Greek grammar, attested by the monk John bar Zoʿbi at the end of the twelfth century and beginning of the thirteenth.Шаблон:Sfnp However, the British scholar Sebastian Brock argues against this identification and suggests the authors of the philosophical and grammatical works to be separate individuals of merely the same name.Шаблон:Sfnp

References

Notes Шаблон:Reflist Citations Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book