Английская Википедия:Aidan of Lindisfarne
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox saint Aidan of LindisfarneШаблон:Efn (Шаблон:Lang-ga; died 31 August 651) was an Irish monk and missionary credited with converting the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity in Northumbria. He founded a monastic cathedral on the island of Lindisfarne, known as Lindisfarne Priory, served as its first bishop, and travelled ceaselessly throughout the countryside, spreading the gospel to both the Anglo-Saxon nobility and the socially disenfranchised (including children and slaves).
He is known as the Apostle of Northumbria and is recognised as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, and others.
Biography
Bede's meticulous and detailed account of Aidan's life provides the basis for most biographical sketches (both classical and modern). Bede says virtually nothing of the monk's early life, save that he was a monk at the ancient monastery on the island of Iona from a relatively young age and that he was of Irish descent.[1]Шаблон:Sfn According to Catholic tradition, in Aidan's early years, he was a disciple of Saint Senan on Inis Cathaigh.[2] Aidan was known for his strict asceticism.[3]
Background
Aidan (died 651) was the founder and first bishop of the Lindisfarne island monastery in England. He is credited with restoring Christianity to Northumbria. Aidan is the Anglicised form of the original Old Irish Шаблон:Lang, Modern Irish Шаблон:Lang (meaning 'little fiery one'). Possibly born in Connacht, Aidan was originally a monk at the monastery on the Island of Iona, founded by St Columba.[4]
In the years prior to Aidan's mission, Christianity throughout Britain was being largely displaced by Anglo-Saxon paganism. In the monastery of Iona (founded by Columba of the Irish Church), the religion soon found one of its principal exponents in Oswald of Northumbria, a noble youth who had been raised there as a king in exile since 616. Baptized as a Christian, the young king vowed to bring Christianity back to his people—an opportunity that presented itself in 634, when he gained the crown of Northumbria.Шаблон:Sfn
Owing to his historical connection to Iona's monastic community, King Oswald requested that missionaries be sent from that monastery instead of the Roman-sponsored monasteries of Southern England.[3] At first, they sent him a bishop named Cormán, but he alienated many people by his harshness, and returned in failure to Iona reporting that the Northumbrians were too stubborn to be converted. Aidan criticized Cormán's methods and was soon sent as his replacement.Шаблон:Sfn He became bishop in 635.Шаблон:Sfn
Missionary efforts
Allying himself with the pious king, Aidan chose the island of Lindisfarne, which was close to the royal castle at Bamburgh, as the seat of his diocese.[3] An inspired missionary, Aidan would walk from one village to another, politely conversing with the people he saw and slowly interesting them in Christianity: in this, he followed the early apostolic model of conversion, by offering "them first the milk of gentle doctrine, to bring them by degrees, while nourishing them with the Divine Word, to the true understanding and practice of the more advanced precepts."Шаблон:Sfn By patiently talking to the people on their own level (and by taking an active interest in their lives and communities), Aidan and his monks slowly restored Christianity to the Northumbrian countryside. King Oswald, who after his years of exile had a perfect command of Irish, often had to translate for Aidan and his monks, who did not speak English at first.
In his years of evangelism, Aidan was responsible for the construction of churches, monasteries and schools throughout Northumbria. At the same time, he earned a tremendous reputation for his pious charity and dedication to the less fortunate—such as his tendency to provide room, board and education to orphans, and his use of contributions to pay for the freedom of slaves:
The monastery he founded grew and helped found churches and other religious institutions throughout the area. It also served as centre of learning and a storehouse of scholarly knowledge, training many of Aidan's young charges for a career in the priesthood. Though Aidan was a member of the Irish branch of Christianity, his character and energy in missionary work won him the respect of Pope Honorius I and Felix of Dunwich.Шаблон:Sfn
When Oswald died in 642, Aidan received continued support from King Oswine of Deira and the two became close friends.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As such, the monk's ministry continued relatively unchanged until the rise of pagan hostilities in 651.
Legacy and veneration
After his death, Aidan's body was buried at Lindisfarne, beneath the abbey that he had helped found.Шаблон:Sfn Though his popularity waned in the coming years, "in the 11th century Glastonbury monks obtained some supposed relics of Aidan; through their influence Aidan's feast appears in the early Wessex calendars, which provide the main evidence for his cult after the age of Bede."Шаблон:Sfn
His feast is celebrated on the anniversary of his death, 31 August. Reflecting his Irish origins, his Scottish monasticism and his ministry to the English, Aidan has been proposed as a possible patron saint for the whole of the United Kingdom.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Aidan is honored in the Church of England and in the Episcopal Church on 31 August.[5][6]
St Aidan's College of the University of Durham was named after Aidan.
References
Notes
Citations
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite IrishBio
- Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite news
- Шаблон:Cite book Edited, revised, and supplemented by Herbert Thurston and Donald Attwater
- Шаблон:Cite wikisource
- Шаблон:Cite EB1911
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite news
Further reading
- Шаблон:Eminent Scotsmen
- Cosmos, Spencer. "Oral Tradition and Literary Convention in Bede's Life of St. Aidan", Classical Folia 31 (1977): 47–63.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England (London: Batsford, 1972)
- Pelteret, David A.E. "Aidan d. 651." in Reader's Guide to British History (London: Routledge, 2003), historiography; online in Credo Reference
- Simpson, Ray. 'Aidan of Lindisfarne – Irish flame warms a new world'(Wipf and Stock Шаблон:ISBN) (2014) novel and extensive historical notes.
External links
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:DNB Poster
- Шаблон:PASE
- St. Aidan's Anglican, Hurstville Grove, Sydney
- St. Aidan Anglican Church, Moose Jaw, SK Шаблон:Webarchive
- St. Aidan's Eastern-Orthodox Church, Manchester UK
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-rel Шаблон:S-new Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end
Шаблон:Bishops of Lindisfarne Шаблон:Saints of Ireland Шаблон:Anglo-Saxon saints
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокocaне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокCPSне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокcalendarне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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