Английская Википедия:Aimé Bonpland

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Infobox scientist Aimé Jacques Alexandre BonplandШаблон:Sfnp (Шаблон:IPA-fr; 22 August 1773 – 11 May 1858) was a French explorer and botanist who traveled with Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America from 1799 to 1804. He co-authored volumes of the scientific results of their expedition.

Шаблон:Botanist

Файл:Humboldt-Bonpland Chimborazo.jpg
Humboldt and Bonpland at the Chimborazo base
Файл:Humboldt and Bonplant in the Jungle.jpg
Humboldt and Bonpland in the Amazon rainforest

Biography

Bonpland was born as Aimé Jacques Alexandre GoujaudШаблон:Sfnp in La Rochelle, France, on 22,Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp 28,[1][2] or 29Шаблон:Citation needed August 1773. His father was a physicianШаблон:Sfnp and, around 1790, he joined his brother Michael in Paris, where they both studied medicine.[3] From 1791, they attended courses given at Paris's Botanical Museum of Natural History. Their teachers included Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, and René Louiche Desfontaines;[3] Aimé further studied under Jean-Nicolas CorvisartШаблон:Sfnp and may have attended classes given by Pierre-Joseph Desault at the Hôtel-Dieu. During this period, Aimé also befriended his fellow student, Xavier Bichat.Шаблон:Citation needed

Amid the turmoil of the French Revolution and Revolutionary Wars, Bonpland served as a surgeon in the French armyШаблон:Sfnp or navy.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

Having befriended Alexander von Humboldt at Corvisart's house,Шаблон:Sfnp he joined him on a five-year journey to Tenerife and the Spanish colonial empire in the Americas,[4] traveling to what later became the independent states of Venezuela, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Mexico, as well as the Orinoco and Amazon basins, with a last stop in the United States.Шаблон:Sfnp[5] During this trip, he collected and classified about 6,000 plants that were mostly unknown in Europe up to that time.Шаблон:Sfnp His account of these findings was published as a series of volumes from 1808 to 1816 entitled Equatorial Plants (Шаблон:Lang-fr).Шаблон:Sfnp

Upon his return to Paris, Napoleon granted him a pension of 3000 francs per year in return for the many specimens he bestowed upon the Museum of Natural History.Шаблон:Sfnp The Empress Josephine was very fond of him and installed him as superintendent over the gardens at Malmaison,Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp where many seeds he had brought from the Americas were cultivated.Шаблон:Sfnp In 1813, he published his Description of the Rare Plants Cultivated at Malmaison and in Navarre (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfnp During this period, he also became acquainted with Gay-Lussac, Arago, and other eminent scientists and, after the abdication of Fontainebleau, vainly pleaded with Napoleon to retire to Venezuela.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp He was present at Josephine's deathbed.Шаблон:Sfnp

In 1816, he took various European plants to Buenos Aires, where he was elected professor of natural history.Шаблон:Sfnp He soon left his post, however, to explore the interior of South America.Шаблон:Sfnp In 1821, he established a colony at Santa Ana near the Paraná for the specific object of harvesting and selling yerba mate.[6] The colony was located in territory claimed by both Paraguay and Argentina; further, José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, dictator of Paraguay, "feared that Bonpland's success in cultivating mate would interfere with his own attempt to monopolize that business."[7] The Paraguayans therefore destroyed the colony on December 8, 1821, and Bonpland was arrested as a spy and detained at Santa Maria, Paraguay[8] until 1829.Шаблон:Sfnp[9] During his captivity, he married and had several children.[10] He was given freedom of movement and acted as a physician for the local poorШаблон:Sfnp and the military garrison.Шаблон:Sfnp At the same epoch, the Swiss naturalist Johann Rudolph Rengger also stayed in Paraguay: he was not allowed to cross the strictly guarded border, but was free to circulate pending the request of a special permit for each excursion.[11]

Bonpland was freed in 1829Шаблон:Sfnp and in 1831Шаблон:Sfnp returned to Argentina, where he settled at San Borja in Corrientes.Шаблон:Sfnp There, aged 58, he married a local woman and made a living farming and trading in yerba mate.Шаблон:Sfnp[12] In 1853, he returned to Santa Ana, where he cultivated the orange trees he had introduced.Шаблон:Sfnp He received a Шаблон:Nowrappiastre estate from the Corrientes government in gratitude for his work in the province.Шаблон:Sfnp The small town around it is now known as "Bonpland" in his honor.[13] A different small town in Misiones province just south of Santa Ana (Misiones) is also named Bonpland.

He died at age 84, at San Borja,Шаблон:Sfnp Santa Ana,Шаблон:Sfnp or Restauración[1] on 4Шаблон:Sfnp or 11[1] May 1858, before his planned return to Paris.Шаблон:Sfnp

Legacy

His collection of plant specimens deposited in Paris at the National Museum of Natural History, France was curated by Alicia Lourteig.[14]

Bonpland's biography was written by Adolphe Brunel.[15] A fictionalized account of his travels with Humboldt occurs in Daniel Kehlmann's Die Vermessung der Welt, translated by Carol Brown Janeway as Measuring the World: A Novel.

Bonpland Street in the upscale Buenos Aires neighborhood of Palermo Hollywood lies among streets named after Charles Darwin, Robert FitzRoy, and Alexander von Humboldt.[16] There is also a Bonpland Street in the city of Bahía Blanca, Argentina, in Caracas, Venezuela, and in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Many animals and plants are also named in his honor, including the plant genus Bonplandia, the willow Salix bonplandiana, the squid Grimalditeuthis bonplandi, and the orchid Ornithocephalus bonplandi.

The lunar crater Bonpland is named after him.[17] Also Pico Bonpland in the Venezuelan Andes is named to his honor, although he never visited the Venezuelan Andes.[18] A peak of over Шаблон:Convert in New Zealand also bears his name. The mountain is near the head of Lake Wakatipu in the South Island.[19]

The Bonpland Prize set up by the National Horticultural Society of France to promote the creation or restoration of pleasure gardens by amateur gardeners, was named after Aimé Bonpland.[20]

Taxonomic descriptions

The following genera and species have been named or described by Aimé Bonpland.[21]

Genera

Шаблон:Columns-list

Species

Шаблон:Columns-list

Works

  • 1805: Essai sur la géographie des plantes. Written with Alexander von Humboldt.
  • 1811: A collection of observations on zoology and comparative anatomy written with Alexander von Humboldt, Printing JH Stone, Paris. Digital version at the website Gallica.
  • 1813: Description of rare plants grown at Malmaison and Navarre by Aimé Bonpland. Printing P. The elder Didot, Paris. By Aimé Bonpland dedicated to the Empress Joséphine. Digital version Шаблон:Webarchive at the website Botanicus, and Digital version of the illustrations at the website of the Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé (Interuniversity Library of Health).
  • 1815: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 1, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Digital version Шаблон:Webarchive at the website Botanicus.
  • 1816: Monograph Melastomacées including all plants of this order including Rhexies, Volume 1, Paris.
  • 1817: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 2, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Digital version Шаблон:Webarchive at the website Botanicus.
  • 1818: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 3, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Digital version at the website Botanicus.
  • 1820: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 4, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Digital version at the website Botanicus.
  • 1821: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 5, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Digital version at the website Botanicus.
  • 1823: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 6, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Digital version at the website Botanicus.
  • 1823: Monograph Melastomacées including all plants of this order including Rhexies, Volume 2, Paris.
  • 1825: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 7, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Digital version at the website Botanicus.

See also

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Wikisource author

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Citation.
  2. ↑ Parish register. Paroisse Saint-Barthélémy, La Rochelle. Archives départementales, Charente-Maritime, Archives en ligne.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ George Sarton (1943) "Aimé Bonpland (1773–1858)", Isis 34: 385–99, reprinted in George Sarton on the History of Science (1962), Dorothy Stimson editor, Harvard University Press
  8. ↑ Rengger, Johan Rudolf: (1827) Ensayo Historico
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Citation. Шаблон:In lang
  10. ↑ Schinini, Aurelio (2013) Aimé Bonpland: Un naturalista francés en Corrientes.
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite ADB
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Citation. Шаблон:In lang
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  15. ↑ Шаблон:OCLC
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Gpn
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ IPNI
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Aimé_Bonpland&oldid=12988845